State Construction of Kazakhstan

The structure of the Republic of Kazakhstan's government, featuring a strong presidential system, a reformed parliament, and local self-government.

The head of the administration in Kazakhstan's regions, cities, and districts, responsible for implementing government decisions and managing the local economy during the transition period.

The head of the Kazakh Soviet, responsible for planning and approving the budget, monitoring its execution, working with deputies, and planning regional development.

The official formation of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan, marked by the presidential decree on May 7, 1992.

The adoption of the national flag, coat of arms, and anthem of the Republic of Kazakhstan on June 4, 1992.

A blue field with a golden sun, a steppe eagle, and a national ornament with ram horns, symbolizing solidarity, peace, prosperity, vigilance, and the history of the Kazakh nomads.

A coat of arms with a five-pointed star at the top, a dome-shaped shanyrak, a winged horse, and the inscription "Kazakhstan", symbolizing prosperity, strength, and the history of the Kazakh nomads.

A five-pointed star symbolizing prosperity, strength, and the power of the state.

The official song of a nation or state.

The highest legislative body in a country.

The division of state power into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.

The body of fundamental laws and principles that govern a country.

The currency used in Kazakhstan.

Local councils elected by the people.

The head of a regional administration in Kazakhstan.

The process of dissolving a council or assembly.

The shift from a centralized, state-controlled economic system to a market-driven system that prioritizes individual autonomy and economic freedom.

A strategic plan outlining Kazakhstan's path to achieving long-term economic development, social progress, and increased international competitiveness.

A new national strategy designed to transform Kazakhstan into a developed nation by the year 2050, encompassing various social and economic goals.

A phrase used to describe Kazakhstan's achievement of stability, independence, and recognition as a strong global player after over two decades of nation-building.

The core principle of a market economy that encourages individuals and businesses to seek profit by investing in ventures. This includes incentives for innovation, entrepreneurship, and efficiency.

A key pillar of economic growth, emphasizing support for entrepreneurs and small businesses as the critical drivers of national economic development and job creation.

A social policy that balances providing social safety nets and guarantees with promoting personal responsibility and self-reliance, aiming to empower individuals and ensure their well-being.

The 1993 "Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan on elections in the Republic of Kazakhstan" introduced a new system for electing parliament members. It proposed a parliament of 117 deputies elected for a five-year term.

The first elections held under the new 1993 code occurred on March 7, 1994. However, a lawsuit was filed, ultimately leading to the dissolution of the newly elected parliament.

Following the parliament's dissolution, the president was granted broader powers, including the authority to make decisions with legal force. This was due to the absence of a democratically elected parliament.

A referendum was held on April 29, 1995, to extend the president's term of office until 2000. The results showed overwhelming support for extending the president's powers.

On August 30, 1995, a referendum was held to adopt the new constitution of Kazakhstan. The results showed an overwhelming majority in favor of the new constitution.

The new Kazakhstan Constitution, adopted in 1995, established a bicameral parliament. It also introduced significant changes, including the recognition of private ownership of land and the protection of both public and private property.

Elections were held on December 7, 1995, to establish the new bicameral parliament, as defined by the 1995 constitution.

The 1995 Kazakhstani constitution acknowledged the importance of both public and private property. It also brought in the concept of private ownership of land, a new approach for the country.

Nazarbayev became Prime Minister of Kazakhstan in 1997, replacing Kazhygeldin.

In October 1997, Akmola was declared the new capital of Kazakhstan, replacing Almaty.

In 1998, the Parliament of Kazakhstan extended the presidential term from 5 to 7 years.

Nazarbayev won the 1999 presidential election with over 80% of the vote, while other candidates received much less.

A new mixed electoral system was introduced in Kazakhstan's 1999 parliamentary elections, combining proportional representation and single-member constituencies.

A constitutional law on the first president of Kazakhstan was enacted in 2000, granting him immunity from prosecution after resignation, except for treason.

The program "Kazakhstan-2030" highlighted eight key aspects of the country's society, such as independence, breaking from old systems, and development of energy resources.