Social Anxiety & Performance Anxiety PDF

social anxiety & Performance anxiety  TABLE OF CONTENT History Understanding Social anxiety disorder Signs and Symptoms of Social anxiety disorder Causes of Social anxiety disorder DSM-V for Social anxiety disorder Prevalence Treatme and Age of Onset nt Social anxiety disorder...

social anxiety & Performance anxiety  TABLE OF CONTENT History Understanding Social anxiety disorder Signs and Symptoms of Social anxiety disorder Causes of Social anxiety disorder DSM-V for Social anxiety disorder Prevalence Treatme and Age of Onset nt Social anxiety disorder also known as social phobia, involves intense fear of certain social situations— especially situations that are unfamiliar or in which you feel you’ll be watched or evaluated by others. Public speech fear Meeting with new people History: Early as 400 B.C. During this time, Hippocrates described the overly shy person as someone who "loves darkness as life" and "thinks every man observes him.". History: Early 1900s: In the early part of the 20th century, psychiatrists used terms such as social phobia and social neurosis to refer to extremely shy patients 1950s: South African psychiatrist Joseph Wolpe paved the way for later advances in behavioral therapy for phobias through his work. Developing systematic desensitization Techniques. Second edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM- II), published by the American Psychiatric Association, social fears were described as a specific phobia of social situations or an excessive fear of being observed.. History: Third edition of the DSM (DSM-III), social phobia was included as an official psychiatric diagnosis. In this edition, social phobia was described as a fear of performance situations, and did not include fears of less formal situations such as casual conversations. People with such broad fears were more likely to be diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder. DSM-III leads to diagnostic criteria., symptoms Finally, the term "generalized social anxiety disorder," was introduced. 1994: The DSM-IV is published and the term social anxiety disorder (SAD) replaces social phobia. 1995 to present: research attention has focused on. Cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques and medications etc.  what we mean by social social anxiety disorder (SAD) or social phobia, is a mental anxiety ? characterized by an intense and persistent health condition fear of social or performance situations in which an individual believes they may be scrutinized, judged, or negatively evaluated by others. This fear can be so overwhelming that it interferes with daily life, work, school, and relationships.It's a common problem that usually starts during the teenage years.  The phenomenology of Social anxiety disorder  Cognitive Aspects: NEGATIVE SELF- ANTICIPATORY EVALUATION ANXIETY COGNITIVE DISTORTIONS SELF- CONSCIOUSNESS  Cognitive Aspects: Negative Self-Evaluation: Individuals with social anxiety often have a tendency to excessively focus on their perceived fl aws or shortcomings. They may believe that others are judging them harshly or that they will embarrass themselves in social situations. Anticipatory Anxiety: Before entering a social situation, individuals with social anxiety often experience intense anxiety and worry about what might happen. They may imagine worst-case scenarios and fear potential negative outcomes. Cognitive Distortions: These can include thoughts like mind-reading (assuming others are thinking negatively about them), catastrophizing (imagining the worst possible outcome), and all-or-nothing thinking (seeing situations in black-and- white terms). Self-Consciousness: There is a heightened self- awareness and self- consciousness, leading to a preoccupation with how one is perceived by others. Emotional Aspects: INTENSE FEAR AND ANXIETY: EMBARRASSMENT AND HUMILIATION SHAME AND INADEQUACY  Emotional Aspects: Intense Fear and Anxiety: Social situations trigger a strong, overwhelming fear or anxiety response. This fear is disproportionate to the actual threat posed by the situation. Embarrassment and Humiliation: There is a deep-seated fear of being embarrassed, humiliated, or rejected in social settings. Shame and Inadequacy: Individuals with social anxiety often feel a sense of shame about their perceived social inadequacy or their fear of judgment from others.  Behavioral Aspects: AVOIDANCE AND SAFETY BEHAVIORS LIMITED SOCIAL INTERACTION IMPAIRED PERFORMANCE PHYSICAL SIGNS OF ANXIETY:  Behavioral Avoidance and SafetyAspects: Behaviors: To minimize anxiety, individuals with social anxiety may engage in avoidance behavior, steering clear of social situations or using safety behaviors (e.g., avoiding eye contact, rehearsing conversations). Limited Social Interaction: Socially anxious individuals may have fewer social interactions, smaller social networks, and diffi culty initiating or maintaining relationships. Impaired Performance: In performance situations, social anxiety can lead to impaired performance due to the overwhelming anxiety and fear of being evaluated. Physical Signs of Anxiety: Observable signs of anxiety may include fi dgeting, avoiding eye contact, speaking softly or rapidly, and exhibiting signs of nervousness. Causes of Social anxiety disorder 1 4 2 5 3 Genetic causes run in family. According to The American Psychiatric Association: "anxiety disorders run in families. For example, if one identical twin has an anxiety disorder, the second twin is likely to have an anxiety disorder as well, which suggests that genetics- possibly in combination with life experiences-makes some people more susceptible to these illnesses" Jerome Kagan, Ph.D. has researched the genetic causes of SAD at Harvard. He study children infancy to the adolescence. He discovered that 10 to 15% child are shy fearful in their infancy they have much higher rate of social anxiety disorder in their adolescence. This negative causes of social anxiety disorder are related to the past experience. This causes are more related to the children. Negative experience are: Bulling Family conflict Teasing Rejection DOPAMINE: The level of dopamine are lower in those in people who have social anxiety disorder. SEROTONIN : There is some evident that people with social anxiety disorder have reduce serotonin receptors. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate mood and emotions, among other things. People with social anxiety disorder may be extra-sensitive to the effects of serotonin. A structure in the brain called the amygdala (uh-MIG- duh-luh) may play a role in controlling the fear response. The amygdala is hypersensitive in people with social anxiety disorder. This result in affected people overestimating social threats. DSM Criteria for SAD diagnosis A. Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others. Examples include social interactions (e.g., having a conversation, meeting unfamiliar people), being observed (e.g., eating or drinking), and performing in front of others (e.g., giving a speech). Note: In children, the anxiety must occur in peer settings and not just during interactions with adults. B. The individual fears that he or she will act in a way or show anxiety symptoms that will be negatively evaluated (i.e., will be humiliating or embarrassing; will lead to C. The social situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety. rejection Note: or off end the In children, others). fear or anxiety may be expressed by crying, tantrums, freezing, clinging, shrinking, or failing to speak in social situations. D. The social situations are avoided or endured with intense fear D. The social situations are avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety E. The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual threat posed by the social situation and to the sociocultural context. F. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more. G. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. H. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is not attributable to the physiological eff ects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or another medical condition. I. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder, such as panic disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, or autism spectrum disorder. J. If another medical condition (e.g., Parkinson’s disease, obesity, disfigurement from burns or injury) is present, the fear, anxiety, or avoidance is clearly unrelated or is excessive. Specify if: Performance only: If the fear is restricted to speaking or performing in public Performanc e anxiety Performance anxiety: Also known as stage fright, is a specific type of social anxiety characterized by intense fear and nervousness in situations where an individual is required to perform or present in front of an audience. This can occur in various contexts, including public speaking, performing on stage (e.g., acting, singing, playing a musical instrument), giving a presentation, or even participating in a competitive event. Individuals with performance only social anxiety disorder do not fear or avoid nonperformance social situations. Types of Performance anxiety: 1 Stage 2 fright Sexual performance 3 anxiety Athletic performance 4 anxiety Test-taking 5 anxiety Interview Prevalence rate of social anxiety Social anxiety Social anxiety disorder during a disorder during a period of life for period of life for Saudi females:7.0% Saudi males:4.3% Social anxiety disorder during a period of life in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: 5.6% Development & Course Median age at onset of social anxiety disorder in the United States is 13 years, and 75% of individuals have an age at onset between 8 and 15 years. Comorbidity with social anxiety disorder Social anxiety disorder is often comorbid with other anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, and substance use disorders, and the onset of social anxiety disorder generally precedes that of the other disorders, except for specifi c phobia and separation anxiety disorder. performance anxiety is often comorbid with avoidant personality disorder. In children, comorbidities with high-functioning autism and selective mutism are common. Treatment Treated by following therapies. Cognitive behavioral therapy Family therapy Exposure therapy Group therapy Home treatment  Cognitive behavioral therapy Helps people to identify cognitive patterns or thoughts and emotions that are linked with behavior. Addresses negative patterns and distortions in the way we look at the world and ourselves. Effective for the treatment of phobias, addictions, schizophrenia, and depression. I. Component of Cognitive behavioral therapy therapy Examines how negative thoughts, or cognitions, contribute to anxiety. o Aims to change the way of thinking. identification and challenging negative thoughts with positive thoughts.  Behavioral therapy o Examines how you behave and react in situation that trigger anxiety. o Decrease negative thoughts, cognitions and emotions. family therapy Play vital role in the treatment of social anxiety disorder. Advantageous for family members to be included in treatment process. Therapist spend few hours each week with patient  Exposure therapy Exposes you to the situation or objects you fear. Learn how to gradually face social situations, rather than avoiding them. Fear of height….face the fear….control….diminish. Group therapy Learning social skills and techniques to help interact with people in social settings. Participants in group therapy with others who have same fear may make one feel less alone. Referenc e: Association, A. P. (2022, March 18). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5- TR®). Social Anxiety Disorder: More Than Just Shyness. (n.d.). National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/social-anxiety- disorder-more-than-just-shyness Stein, D. J., Hollander, E., & Rothbaum, B. O. (Eds.). (2009, August 17). Textbook of Anxiety Disorders.