Social Anxiety and Performance Anxiety
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Questions and Answers

What is the name for social anxiety disorder that is also known as social phobia?

Social anxiety disorder is also known as social phobia.

Which of these is a common social situation that can trigger social anxiety?

  • Public speaking
  • Meeting with new people
  • Eating in a restaurant
  • All of the above (correct)

How did Hippocrates describe an overly shy person?

Hippocrates described the overly shy person as someone who "loves darkness as life" and "thinks every man observes him."

What significant contributions did Joseph Wolpe make to the understanding of social anxiety?

<p>Joseph Wolpe paved the way for later advances in behavioral therapy for phobias by developing systematic desensitization techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term was introduced in the DSM-III to replace "social phobia"?

<p>The DSM-III introduced the term &quot;generalized social anxiety disorder&quot; to replace the term &quot;social phobia&quot;.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fear of social situations that characterize social anxiety disorder is a common problem that usually starts during the teenage years.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a cognitive aspect of social anxiety disorder?

<p>Social avoidance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an example of a cognitive distortion often seen in social anxiety disorder?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT an emotional aspect of social anxiety disorder?

<p>Limited social interaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In performance situations, social anxiety can lead to impaired performance due to the overwhelming anxiety and fear of being evaluated.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a common physical sign of social anxiety?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a potential cause of social anxiety disorder?

<p>Lack of social skills training (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the American Psychiatric Association, anxiety disorders tend to run in families, suggesting a genetic component to their development.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter is believed to play a role in regulating mood and emotions and may be extra-sensitive in individuals with social anxiety?

<p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure in the brain is implicated in controlling the fear response and is thought to be hypersensitive in people with social anxiety?

<p>The amygdala</p> Signup and view all the answers

The DSM-V criteria for diagnosing social anxiety disorder include the requirement that the individual fears being negatively evaluated in social situations.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for diagnosing social anxiety disorder according to the DSM-V?

<p>The fear or anxiety is primarily focused on performance related social situations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stage fright is a type of social anxiety characterized by intense fear and nervousness when performing in front of an audience.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with performance-only social anxiety disorder do not fear or avoid non-performance social situations.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The prevalence rate of social anxiety disorder is higher in females than in males.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the median age at onset of social anxiety disorder in the United States?

<p>13 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

Social anxiety disorder is often comorbid with other anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, and substance use disorders.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Performance anxiety is often comorbid with avoidant personality disorder.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In children, comorbidities with high-functioning autism and selective mutism are common with social anxiety disorders.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a treatment approach for social anxiety disorder?

<p>All of the above are effective treatment approaches (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive behavioral therapy aims to change the way individuals think by identifying and challenging negative thoughts with positive ones.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Behavioral therapy aims to change how individuals behave and react in situations that trigger anxiety.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Family therapy plays a vital role in the treatment of social anxiety disorder by including family members in the treatment process and providing support.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exposure therapy teaches individuals how to gradually face social situations rather than avoid them.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Group therapy can help individuals with similar fears, such as social anxiety, feel less alone and learn from each other's experiences.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a widely used diagnostic tool in mental health.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What other term is sometimes used to refer to Social anxiety disorder?

<p>Social phobia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the book that the American Psychiatric Association publishes that describes mental disorders and their criteria?

<p>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the psychiatrist who paved the way for behavioral therapy for phobias in the 1950s?

<p>Joseph Wolpe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom of Social anxiety disorder?

<p>Intense fear in unfamiliar social situations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the DSM-III, Social phobia was described as a fear of _______?

<p>performance situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the DSM-IV, the term “generalized social anxiety disorder” was introduced.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Social anxiety disorder and performance anxiety?

<p>Those with performance anxiety fear social situations where they are required to perform or present in front of an audience. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these are examples of cognitive distortions that people with social anxiety disorder might experience?

<p>Mind-reading (B), All-or-nothing thinking (C), Catastrophizing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are emotional aspects of social anxiety disorder?

<p>Intense humiliation (A), Intense anxiety (D), Intense inadequacy (E), Intense fear (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a cause of social anxiety disorder?

<p>Poor parenting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 main types of performance anxiety?

<p>Stage fright, Frightful performance, Athletic performance, Test-taking and Interview anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

The prevalence rate of social anxiety disorder is higher in Saudi women than men.

<p>True (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a common comorbidity with social anxiety disorder?

<p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The median age of onset of Social anxiety disorder is between 8 and 15 years.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a common treatment for Social anxiety disorder?

<p>Art Therapy (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these therapies focuses on changing the way you think about situations, in order to decrease anxiety?

<p>Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these therapies helps people feel less alone, by interacting with other people who have the same fears?

<p>Group Therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exposure Therapy involves learning how to gradually face the situations that trigger anxiety.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of including family members in Family therapy?

<p>It is advantageous for family members to be included in the treatment process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)

A mental health condition characterized by intense, persistent fear of social or performance situations where individuals believe they might be scrutinized, judged, or negatively evaluated by others.

Social Phobia

A specific phobia characterized by intense fear and anxiety about social situations, especially those involving unfamiliar people or the possibility of being watched or evaluated.

Social Anxiety

A severe and persistent fear of being judged or evaluated by others in social situations.

Public Speech Fear

Fear related to public speaking, giving presentations, or performing in front of an audience.

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Meeting New People

The fear of meeting and interacting with new individuals.

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Performance Anxiety

A situation where a person fears the scrutiny and judgment of others while performing.

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Sexual Performance Anxiety

A type of performance anxiety that involves fear and nervousness during sexual encounters.

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Athletic Performance Anxiety

A type of performance anxiety that involves fear and anxiety during athletic competitions or performances.

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Test-Taking Anxiety

A type of performance anxiety that involves fear and anxiety in situations involving tests or exams.

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Interview Anxiety

A type of performance anxiety that involves fear and anxiety during job interviews.

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Negative Self-Evaluation

A tendency to focus excessively on one's flaws or shortcomings, often leading to a negative self-image and low self-esteem.

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The anticipation of a social situation that triggers intense worry and fear about potential negative outcomes.

Anticipatory Anxiety

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Negative thinking patterns that distort reality and magnify negative thoughts and feelings.

Cognitive Distortions

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A heightened awareness of oneself and a preoccupation with how one is perceived by others.

Self-Consciousness

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The primary emotional experience in social anxiety, involving a strong and disproportionate fear response to social situations.

Intense Fear and Anxiety

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A deep-seated fear of being embarrassed, humiliated, or rejected in social settings.

Embarrassment and Humiliation

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A feeling of inadequacy and shame associated with social anxiety, often related to the perception of being socially inept or unworthy.

Shame and Inadequacy

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Strategies used by individuals with social anxiety to manage anxiety and avoid social situations.

Avoidance and Safety Behaviors

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Individuals with social anxiety may experience limited social interactions, smaller social networks, and difficulties in initiating or maintaining relationships due to fear and avoidance.

Limited Social Interaction

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Anxiety can negatively impact performance in social situations, such as public speaking or presentations, leading to poor performance or outcomes.

Impaired Performance

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Observable physical symptoms associated with social anxiety, including fidgeting, avoiding eye contact, speaking softly, and exhibiting signs of nervousness.

Physical Signs of Anxiety

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A tendency inherited from parents or ancestors that makes an individual more susceptible to developing social anxiety disorder.

Genetic Predisposition

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Past experiences that can contribute to the development of social anxiety, such as bullying, family conflict, teasing, or rejection.

Negative Childhood Experiences

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Low levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and motivation, in individuals with social anxiety disorder.

Dopamine Deficiency

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An imbalance in serotonin, a neurotransmitter related to mood and emotion, which may play a role in developing social anxiety disorder.

Serotonin Imbalance

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The amygdala, a brain region involved in processing emotions and fear, is highly sensitive in people with social anxiety, leading to amplified fear responses.

Amygdala Oversensitivity

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Significant distress or fear experienced in social situations, characterized by intense feelings of anxiety or fear.

Marked Fear or Anxiety

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The core fear in social anxiety involving apprehension about being negatively judged or evaluated by others.

Fear of Negative Evaluation

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Social situations trigger fear or anxiety responses in individuals with social anxiety disorder.

Social Situations Provoke Fear

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Individuals with social anxiety may avoid social situations or endure them with intense fear and anxiety.

Avoidance or Endurance of Fear

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The fear and anxiety experienced in social anxiety are out of proportion to the actual threat posed by the social situation or context.

Fear Out of Proportion to Threat

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The fear and anxiety related to social anxiety typically last for at least six months and are continuous.

Persistent Fear or Anxiety

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The fear, anxiety, or avoidance related to social anxiety cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Clinically Significant Distress or Impairment

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The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is not related to the effects of a substance (e.g., drugs, medication) or another medical condition.

Not Attributable to Substance or Medical Condition

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The symptoms of social anxiety disorder are not better explained by the symptoms of other mental disorders, such as panic disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, or autism spectrum disorder.

Not Better Explained by Other Disorders

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A specifier for Social Anxiety Disorder that indicates that the fear and anxiety are restricted to performance situations, such as public speaking or performing on stage.

Performance Only

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What is stress?

A conscious or unconscious psychological feeling or physical situation which comes as a result of physical or mental 'positive or negative pressure' to overwhelm adaptive capacities.

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What is acute stress?

Short-term stress caused by a specific event or challenge, like a deadline or a near-miss accident.

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What is episodic acute stress?

Frequent, repeated episodes of acute stress, often happening due to ongoing demanding situations.

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What is chronic stress?

Stress caused by long-term, persistent stressors that seem impossible to change, like living in a high-crime area.

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What is the fight-flight-freeze response?

A physiological response to threat or danger, involving the sympathetic nervous system and the release of stress hormones.

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What are daily life stressors?

Daily life stressors are the minor, short-term or less severe stressors like traffic, peer/work relations, or time pressures.

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What are major life events?

Major life events are either positive or negative, but cause emotional changes or require significant adjustments, like marriage, death in the family, divorce, or career changes.

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What are internal stressors?

Internal stressors are lifestyle choices, negative self talk, mind traps, personality traits, and chronic worry that contribute to stress levels.

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What is a threat in relation to stress?

A perceived danger or threat that triggers stress, often causing worry or fear.

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What is frustration in relation to stress?

A feeling of frustration arises when demands are not met, like when you're unable to complete a task due to circumstances.

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What are pressures in relation to stress?

Pressures are expectations or standards that we feel compelled to meet, which can cause stress.

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What is conflict in relation to stress?

Conflicts arise when two or more needs or desires are incompatible, leading to stress.

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What is the alarm stage of stress?

A state of stress that triggers physiological changes, such as increased heart rate, sweating, and muscle tension.

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What is the resistance stage of stress?

The body continues to fight the stressor, releasing hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, but it starts to deplete resources.

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What is the exhaustion stage of stress?

The body can no longer cope with the stress, leading to exhaustion, burnout, and potentially health problems.

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What is positive stress?

Positive stress, also known as eustress, is a healthy form of stress that motivates and pushes you to perform better.

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What is negative stress?

Negative stress, also known as distress, is a harmful form of stress that can cause anxiety, decrease performance, and lead to health problems.

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What are signs and symptoms of stress?

Various cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physical signs and symptoms associated with stress.

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What is the Stimulus-Based Model of Stress?

A model of stress that suggests life changes, events, or stressors, both positive and negative, can lead to health problems.

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What is the Response-Based Model of Stress?

This model focuses on the common physiological consequences of stressful situations, such as the fight-or-flight response.

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Can happy events cause stress?

While often considered happy events, major life changes like marriage or childbirth can also be stressful due to new demands and adjustments.

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What are stress relief strategies?

Strategies that aim to positively manage and reduce stress, promoting well-being and coping.

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What are healthy coping strategies for stress?

Healthy coping strategies involve constructive measures like distancing yourself from stressors and seeking help.

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What are unhealthy coping strategies for stress?

Unhealthy coping strategies involve destructive behaviors that can worsen stress and have negative consequences.

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What are the ABC strategies for stress control?

A framework for stress management involving awareness of stressors, balancing positive and negative stress, and taking control over your response.

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What is reframing in stress management?

A technique for changing your perspective on situations to view them in a more positive and less stressful light.

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What is positive thinking in stress management?

Focusing on the positive aspects of situations and experiences to combat negative thoughts and feelings.

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What are behavior changes for stress management?

Various techniques used to change behavior and reduce stress, including assertiveness, getting organized, and humor.

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What are lifestyle changes for stress management?

Lifestyle changes for stress management involve making adjustments to your daily routine, like diet, exercise, sleep, and relaxation.

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What is the difference between defensive mechanisms and coping strategies?

The difference between defensive mechanisms, which are unconscious ways of coping with stress, and coping strategies, which are conscious and deliberate.

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Study Notes

Social Anxiety and Performance Anxiety

  • Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is an intense fear of social situations, particularly unfamiliar ones where the individual feels scrutinized.
  • Individuals fear being watched or evaluated by others. Common examples include public speaking, meeting new people, and performing in front of others.
  • Early descriptions of shyness date back to 400 B.C.E., with Hippocrates associating it with a love of darkness and a belief that everyone is observing.
  • In the early 1900s, psychiatrists used terms like "social phobia" and "social neurosis" for extremely shy people.
  • The 1950s saw advancements in behavioral therapy for phobias, including systematic desensitization, pioneered by Joseph Wolpe.
  • The DSM-II, published in 1994, labeled social fears as a specific phobia of social situations or an excessive fear of being observed.
  • The DSM-III included "social phobia" as an official psychiatric diagnosis, focusing on performance situations, but not casual conversations.
  • The DSM-IV introduced the term "generalized social anxiety disorder," which replaced social phobia in 1994.
  • Social anxiety is generally intense and ongoing apprehension about scrutiny, judgment or negative evaluation by others in social or performance situations.
  • It frequently interferes significantly with daily life, impacting work, school, and relationships.
  • It typically starts during the teenage years.

Phenomenology of Social Anxiety Disorder

  • Cognitive Aspects:

    • Negative self-evaluation: intense focus on perceived flaws.
    • Anticipatory anxiety: intense anxiety and worry about potential social situations. Imagining worst-case scenarios and fearing negative outcomes.
    • Cognitive distortions: mind-reading, catastrophizing, and all-or-nothing thinking are common.
    • Self-consciousness: preoccupation with how one is perceived by others.
  • Emotional Aspects:

    • Intense fear and anxiety response: disproportionate to the situation's actual threat.
    • Embarrassment, humiliation, and rejection: deep-seated fears of these outcomes in social situations.
    • Shame and inadequacy: feelings of shame and perceived inadequacy often arise alongside anxieties about being judged by others.
  • Behavioral Aspects:

    • Avoidance and Safety Behaviors: steering clear of social situations or using safety behaviors (e.g., avoiding eye contact).
    • Limited social interaction: fewer social interactions, smaller social networks, and difficulty with initiating or maintaining relationships.
    • Impaired performance: hindered by overwhelming anxiety in social and performance situations.
    • Physical signs of anxiety: fidgeting, avoiding eye contact, speaking softly or rapidly, exhibiting nervousness.
  • The described aspects contribute to the experience of social anxiety.

Causes of Social Anxiety Disorder

  • Genetic causes: Family history of anxiety disorders increases susceptibility. Research by Jerome Kagan shows a correlation between shyness in childhood and social anxiety in adolescence, suggesting a genetic component.
  • Past negative experiences: Childhood bullying, family conflict, teasing, and rejection are potential factors.
  • Neurobiological factors:
    • Dopamine levels may be lower, and serotonin receptors may be reduced. These neurotransmitters influence mood and emotions.
    • Amygdala, a brain structure involved in fear responses, might be hypersensitive, causing an overestimation of social threats.

DSM-5 Criteria for SAD Diagnosis

  • A. Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is scrutinized by others.
  • B. Fear that one will act in a way or show anxiety symptoms that are humiliating or embarrassing.
  • C. Anxiety provoked by social situations.
  • D. Avoided or endured with intense fear/anxiety
  • E. Fear is out of proportion to an actual threat posed.
  • F. Fear/anxiety is persistent, lasting six months.
  • G. Avoidances cause significant distress or impairment.
  • H. Fear not attributable to effects of a substance or medical condition.
  • I. Symptoms not better explained by other mental disorders.
  • J. Excessive if comorbid with a medical condition.

Performance Anxiety

  • Performance anxiety is a specific type of social anxiety characterized by intense fear and nervousness when required to perform or present before an audience.
  • Situations including public speaking, acting, musical performance, presentations, or competitive events can trigger it.
  • Crucially, individuals with performance anxiety do not necessarily fear or avoid nonperformance social experiences.

Types of Performance Anxiety

  • Freghtutal performance
  • Anxiety performance
  • Testitaking
  • Anxitew (This may be a typo; consider clarifying or removing.)

Prevalence and Development

  • Social anxiety disorder prevalence in Saudi females is 7%.
  • The median onset age in the United States is 13, with 75% between 8-15.
  • The disorder is often comorbid with other anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, and substance use disorders.
  • In children, high-functioning autism and selective mutism are common comorbidities.

Treatment

  • Various therapies address social anxiety and performance anxiety
  • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): Identifies and challenges negative patterns of thinking.
  • Behavioral therapy: Focuses on altering behaviors to reduce anxieties.
  • Family therapy: Engages family members in the treatment process to provide support and understanding.
  • Exposure therapy: Gradually exposes individuals to feared situations to reduce avoidance.
  • Group therapy: Enhances social skills and creates a supportive environment.

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Description

Explore the nuances of social anxiety disorder (SAD), including its historical context and evolution in psychiatric diagnosis. This quiz covers key concepts, treatments, and the implications of social phobia on personal and professional life. Test your understanding of this prevalent psychological condition.

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