Sports Psychology Review PDF

Sports psych review What can we do if anything to lower trait anxiety? -​ Breathing techniques to manage arousal Examples of somatic/ cognitive anxiety? -​ somatic= sensation/feeling Cognitive= worry/thought related When should we use scientific principles vs. professional practice? Whats th...

Sports psych review What can we do if anything to lower trait anxiety? -​ Breathing techniques to manage arousal Examples of somatic/ cognitive anxiety? -​ somatic= sensation/feeling Cognitive= worry/thought related When should we use scientific principles vs. professional practice? Whats the difference? -​ Scientific: controlled lab process, control: preventing other factors that interfere with results. -​ Professional: working more on experience/ individual athletes, ex: sports psych What are two separate terms for an athlete who will shy away (50/50) vs. athlete who will take on the challenge? -​ Athletes who are scared of failing = avoiding fear/shame= low achievers -​ Athletes who are wanting the challenge= want pride/success= higher achievers Catastrophe theory? -​ Performance depends on the complex interaction of arousal and cognitive anxiety -​ If the athlete has a high amount of worry, increases in arousal reach a threshold just past the optimal arousal. -​ Once you have you go past this threshold of arousal there is a rapid decline in performce (aka: catastrophe) -​ Directly related to worry, thoughts you have in response to he arousal -​ example : choking in a big game, doing bad on a big exam Reversal model? -​ How arousal affects performance depends on an individual's interpretation of his or her arousal levels. -​ High arousal= pleasant excitement vs unpleasant anxiety -​ Low arousal= relaxation vs boring -​ Arousal interpretation as unpleasant hurts performance -​ Athletes can make quick shifts “reversals” in their interpretation of arousal What is Norman Triplett's “ social facilitation” theory? -​ A simple task in presence of others, performance goes up. More complex task in front of other performance may decline. Achievement motivation theory/ need achievement theory? -​ Can be applied to help athletes performance -​ Low achievers= high anxiety, need to avoid shame/fear, need calm to do well -​ High achievers= low anxiety, want success, not having thoughts of fear, need to be hypes up to do well, low motivation to avoid failure 3 main careers in sports psych? -​ Research -​ Teaching -​ Professional practice (counseling) DIfference between traits and states? -​ traits= stable, sticks with you, ex. You generally feel anxious most of the time -​ state= unstable, depends on the situation if you feel anxious, changes, state of anxiety in the moment. Physiological vs. cognitive anxiety?/ -​ Psychological (body)= heart rate, sweating, feeling ill -​ Cognitive= thoughts of worry, negative perception Explain individual zones for optimal functioning (IZOF)? -​ 3 different types -​ Low= best performance in low range of anxiety -​ Moderate= Best performance is in the moderate range of anxiety -​ High= best performance is in high range of anxiety Competitiveness?How does it related to motivation? -​ Competitiveness is achievement behavior in competitive context that is socially evaluated. 4 open response questions -​ Self determination theory= -​ Inverted U vs Catastrophe theory= -​ Arousal vs anxiety (know difference, signs and symptoms of each)= anxiety= negative self talk, headache… arousal= butterflies in stomach, consistently better performance in non evaluated situations. -​ Reversal theory= this one is above Direction and intensity of anxiety/ motivation? -​ Direction of anxiety= a person interpretation of anxiety as facilitating or debilitating to performance -​ Intensity= how much anxiety one feels -​ Viewing anxiety as facilitative leads to superior performance -​ Developing cognitive skills and strategies helps people view anxiety as facilitative Understand concepts of situational stress? -​ Environmental demand, individuals perception of the environmental demand, stress response, behavioral consequences (performance or outcome Drive theory- relationship between arousal and performance? -​ As the degree of arousal goes up the quality of performance goes up. This is not a good theory that they use today. Emotions interacting with arousal determine different outcomes (positive, negative emotions)? -​ Positive emotions due to arousal = faccilitaive/ helping emotions -​ Negative emotions of arousal= debilitative/ nonhelping emotions Somatic vs cognitive anxiety? -​ Somatic= physical= sweating, feeling ill etc. -​ Cognitive= mental= thoughts of worry etc. Interactional view of motivation? -​ It is both personal and situational factors that contribute to motivation, not one or the other. 2 types of achievement motivation? -​ Intrinsic- attitude motivation, achievement motivation, doing for internal self -​ Extrinsic- fear motivation, social motivation, done for external rewards/ punishment Outcome vs. task orientated  -​ outcome= comparing performance with and defeating others -​ Task= improving relative to one own past performances Attribution theory? -​ How people explain their success and failures -​ Locus causality and control, stability? - stable= ability, talent - unstable = luck - locus of causality internal= effort in 4th quarter - locus of causality external= easy competition -locus of control in control= game plan, preparation - Locus of control not in control= opponents physical conditioning Internal and external factors? -​ Internal factors are of one's internal feelings/ actions of why they what happened happened -​ External factors are of something that wasnt about the players and couldn't help it. Behavior modification? -​ Used to change undesirable participant motives.