SLP Bacteria PDF

Bacteria Gram +/- Oxygen Shape Location Infections Treatment Requirements Streptococcus Positive Facultative Chains Strep A - Nose, Group A - strep Antibiotics -...

Bacteria Gram +/- Oxygen Shape Location Infections Treatment Requirements Streptococcus Positive Facultative Chains Strep A - Nose, Group A - strep Antibiotics - anaerobe throat, on skin throat, scarlet penicillin, B - harmless in fever amoxicillin gut S pneumoniae - pneumonia Enterococci Positive Facultative Chains or pairs GIT, urogenital UTIs, infective Combo: ampicillin anaerobe tract in young endocarditis, or vancomycin, individuals pulpal infections, aminoglycoside bacteraemia Staphylococcus Positive Facultative Grape-like cluster Skin and mucous Food poisoning, Penicillin, anaerobe membranes toxic shock vancomycin syndrome, Fusidic acid - for angular cheilitis, skin infections oral abscesses Actinomycetes Positive 2 types: Bacilli, Soil, animal Actinomyces High dose Actinomyces - filamentous microbiota, israelii - penicillin, anaerobic human Actinomycosis amoxycillin, Nocardia - aerobic microbiota tetracycline Clostridia Positive Anaerobe - some Rod shaped, some Soil and GIT Gas gangrene, Antitoxin aerotolerant have flagella botulism(food Antibiotics (motile) poison), tetanus metronidazole/ vancomycin for  C.difficile Bacillus Positive Aerobic or Rod shaped Soil and water B.anthracis - Ciprofloxacin for Facultative anthrax anthrax anaerobe B.cereus - food poisoning Mycobacteria Positive Obligate aerobes Rod shaped Lungs Tuberculosis, Long term leprosy antibiotic therapy - (isoniazid, rifampin for TB) Enterobacteria Negative Facultative Rod shaped GIT, intestines of Gastroenteritis, Beta lactams e.g. anaerobe animals, water Salmonella, E.coli, penicillin, and soil UTIs, sepsis, carbapenems meningitis Neisseriaceae Negative Aerobic to Diplococci Upper respiratory Gonorrhoea, Gonorrhoea - microaerophilic and genital tracts meningitis, ceftriaxone and (prefer low O2 Normal flora in pharyngitis, doxycycline conc.) oral cavity conjunctivitis Meningitis - penicillin G or ceftriaxone, prevention - vaccine Legionella Negative Obligate aerobes Pleomorphic - Freshwater(e.g. Legionnaires’ Legionnaires’ - coccobacilli, short lakes) and man disease - severe azithromycin, rod shaped made water pneumonia levofloxacin,  systems Pontiac fever - penicillin mild flu like illness Pontiac - resolves on its own Mycoplasmas Negative Facultative Pleomorphic - Commensal in Atypical Lack a cell wall so anaerobe very small, respiratory tract, pneumonia, resistant to spherical, oval or but under certain urethritis, pelvic b-lactam filamentous conditions inflammatory antibiotics. pathogenic in disease, joint Tetracyclines, respiratory, infections, macrolides, genital tract meningitis fluoroquinolones Prevotella Negative Obligate Rod shaped P intermedia - P intermedia - Amoxicillin, anaerobe subgingival periodontitis, metronidazole plaque pregnancy PMPR P nigrescens - gingivitis healthy gingival Sinusitis sites Porphyromonas Negative Obligate Rod shaped Subgingival Periodontitis, PMPR, potential anaerobe plaque, deep gingivitis, vaccines, crypts of the peri-implantitis, amoxicillin, tongue periapical abscess tetracycline, P. asaccharolytica metronidazole - digestive tract Bacteroides Negative Obligate Rod shaped, some Intestines Abdominal Metronidazole or anaerobe are pleomorphic infections - b lactam and b abscesses, lactamase Bacteremia, inhibitors endocarditis Spirochaetes Negative Microaerophilic Spiral, helical Human and Leptospirosis Syphilis - penicillin to anaerobic (corkscrew animal tissues, Treponema G Some species e.g. shaped) water pallidum - syphilis Lyme disease - Borrelia contaminated Borrelia doxycycline or with animal urine burgdorferi - amoxicillin Lyme disease Leptospirosis - doxycycline or penicillin Fusobacteria Negative Obligate Rod shaped, some Normal oral flora, Gingivitis, B-lactams e.g. anaerobe are pleomorphic colon, can be periodontitis, penicillin, pathogenic in Lemierre’s metronidazole, other tissues syndrome clindamycin, (head/neck) (inflammation of surgical drainage veins), abdominal of abscesses and head/neck infections Leptotrichia Negative Obligate Rod shaped Normal flora in Periodontitis, Penicillin, anaerobe the oral cavity, endodontic metronidazole, GIT, genitourinary infections, clindamycin, tract, can be abscess formation surgical drainage pathogenic in when trauma in of abscesses, RCT deep tissue oral cavity infections Tannerella Negative Obligate Rod shaped, some Periodontal T forsythia - PMPR, anaerobe are pleomorphic pockets periodontitis Metronidazole, Bacteremia, tetracycline, endocarditis clindamycin