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Questions and Answers
What is the primary treatment for Actinomycosis caused by Actinomyces israelii?
What is the primary treatment for Actinomycosis caused by Actinomyces israelii?
Which of the following infections is associated with Clostridia species?
Which of the following infections is associated with Clostridia species?
What characterizes Mycobacteria in terms of oxygen requirements?
What characterizes Mycobacteria in terms of oxygen requirements?
Which disease is NOT associated with Enterobacteria?
Which disease is NOT associated with Enterobacteria?
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What type of infections are inferiorly associated with Neisseria bacteria?
What type of infections are inferiorly associated with Neisseria bacteria?
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What is the primary treatment option for Legionnaires' disease?
What is the primary treatment option for Legionnaires' disease?
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Which of the following best describes Mycoplasmas?
Which of the following best describes Mycoplasmas?
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What type of bacteria is Prevotella classified as?
What type of bacteria is Prevotella classified as?
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What is a common condition associated with Porphyromonas?
What is a common condition associated with Porphyromonas?
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In terms of Mycoplasmas, what is their impact on the respiratory tract?
In terms of Mycoplasmas, what is their impact on the respiratory tract?
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Which antibiotic is used for treating infections caused by Prevotella?
Which antibiotic is used for treating infections caused by Prevotella?
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What type of diseases are known to be associated with Mycoplasmas?
What type of diseases are known to be associated with Mycoplasmas?
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Which characteristics do Porphyromonas bacteria possess?
Which characteristics do Porphyromonas bacteria possess?
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What is Pontiac fever primarily characterized by?
What is Pontiac fever primarily characterized by?
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Which of the following best describes the antibiotic resistance of Mycoplasmas?
Which of the following best describes the antibiotic resistance of Mycoplasmas?
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Which of the following bacteria is classified as an obligate aerobe?
Which of the following bacteria is classified as an obligate aerobe?
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What type of infections are commonly associated with Staphylococcus species?
What type of infections are commonly associated with Staphylococcus species?
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Which antibiotic is utilized in treating infections from Clostridia species?
Which antibiotic is utilized in treating infections from Clostridia species?
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Which of the following is a common manifestation of infections caused by Enterococci?
Which of the following is a common manifestation of infections caused by Enterococci?
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What is the primary shape characteristic of Clostridia bacteria?
What is the primary shape characteristic of Clostridia bacteria?
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What is the Gram classification and oxygen requirement for Prevotella?
What is the Gram classification and oxygen requirement for Prevotella?
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Which infection is primarily associated with Mycoplasmas?
Which infection is primarily associated with Mycoplasmas?
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Which of the following antibiotics is ineffective against Mycoplasmas due to their unique structure?
Which of the following antibiotics is ineffective against Mycoplasmas due to their unique structure?
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What type of infections is Porphyromonas primarily involved in?
What type of infections is Porphyromonas primarily involved in?
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Legionnaires' disease is characterized by which of the following symptoms?
Legionnaires' disease is characterized by which of the following symptoms?
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What is the main pathogenic characteristic of Mycoplasmas?
What is the main pathogenic characteristic of Mycoplasmas?
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What is a common disease caused by Prevotella intermedia?
What is a common disease caused by Prevotella intermedia?
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Which antibiotic is typically effective against Porphyromonas species?
Which antibiotic is typically effective against Porphyromonas species?
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What condition is most likely caused by P. nigrescens?
What condition is most likely caused by P. nigrescens?
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The term 'facultative anaerobe' refers to which bacterial adaptation?
The term 'facultative anaerobe' refers to which bacterial adaptation?
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Study Notes
Bacteria Classification
- Gram Stain: Positive or Negative
- Oxygen Requirements: Facultative anaerobe, anaerobe, or obligate aerobe
- Shape: Chains, pairs, grape-like clusters, bacilli, filamentous, rod shaped, coccobacilli, spiral, helical (corkscrew shaped)
- Location: Strep A - Nose, throat, skin; B - harmless in gut; GIT, urogenital tract; Skin and mucous membranes; Soil, animal microbiota, human microbiota; GIT, intestines of animals, water and soil; Upper respiratory and genital tracts, Normal flora in oral cavity, Normal oral flora, colon; deep tissue
- Infections: Group A strep throat, scarlet fever, S pneumonia - pneumonia, UTIs, infective endocarditis, pulpal infections, bacteraemia, Food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome, angular cheilitis, oral abscesses, Actinomycosis, Gas gangrene, botulism, tetanus; Tuberculosis, leprosy, Gastroenteritis, Salmonella, E.coli, UTIs, sepsis, meningitis, Gonorrhoea, meningitis, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, Legionnaires' disease, Atypical pneumonia, urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, joint infections, meningitis. B.anthracis - anthrax; B.cereus - food poisoning; Leptospirosis, Treponema pallidum - syphilis; Borrelia burgdorferi - Lyme disease, Gingivitis, periodontitis, Lemierre's syndrome, abdominal and head/neck infections.
- Treatment: Antibiotics (penicillin, amoxicillin), combo therapies, high doses of penicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, vancomycin, metronidazole
Specific Bacteria Examples
- Streptococcus: Facultative anaerobe, chains, Strep A, Strep B, S pneumoniae Infections, Strep A - Nose, throat, skin, B-harmless in gut .
- Enterococci: Facultative anaerobe, chains or pairs, UTIs, infective endocarditis, pulpal infections, bacteraemia, Food poisoning.
- Staphylococcus: Facultative anaerobe, Grape-like clusters, Skin and mucous membranes, Food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome, angular cheilitis, oral abscesses.
- Actinomycetes: 2 types. Actinomyces - anaerobic, Nocardia - aerobic, Bacilli, filamentous. Soil, animal microbiota, human microbiota. Actinomyces israelii - Actinomycosis. High dose penicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline.
- Clostridia: Anaerobe - some aerotolerant, Rod shaped, some have flagella (motile), Gas gangrene, botulism(food poison), tetanus.
- Bacillus: Aerobic or Facultative anaerobe, Rod shaped. Soil and water. B. anthracis - anthrax; B. cereus - food poisoning.
- Mycobacteria: Obligate aerobes, Rod shaped. Lungs. Tuberculosis, leprosy.
- Enterobacteria: Facultative anaerobe, Rod shaped, GIT, intestines of animals, water and soil.
- Neisseriaceae: Aerobic to microaerophilic (prefer low 02 conc.), Diplococci, Upper respiratory and genital tracts. Normal flora in oral cavity. Gonorrhea, meningitis, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis.
- Legionella: Obligate aerobes, Pleomorphic - coccobacilli, short rod shaped. Freshwater(e.g. lakes) and man made water. Legionnaires' disease - severe pneumonia.
- Mycoplasmas: Facultative anaerobe, Pleomorphic - very small, spherical, oval or filamentous. Commensal in respiratory tract. Pontiac fever.
- Prevotella: Obligate anaerobe, Rod shaped. Subgingival plaque, healthy gingival sites. P intermedia - periodontitis, pregnancy gingivitis. Sinusitis. P intermedia - periodontitis, gingivitis, peri-implantitis, periapical abscess.
- Porphyromonas: Obligate anaerobe, Rod shaped. Subgingival plaque, deep crypts of the tongue. Periodontal disease, gingivitis, peri-implantitis, periapical abscess.
- Bacteroides: Obligate anaerobe, Rod shaped, some are pleomorphic. Intestines. Abdominal infections, abscesses, bacteremia, endocarditis.
- Spirochaetes: Microaerophilic to anaerobic, Spiral, helical (corkscrew shaped). Human and animal tissues. Leptospirosis, syphilis, Lyme disease.
- Fusobacteria: Obligate anaerobe, Rod shaped, some are pleomorphic. Normal oral flora, colon, can be pathogenic in other tissues (head/neck). Gingivitis, periodontitis.
- Leptotrichia: Obligate anaerobe, Rod shaped. Normal flora in oral cavity, can be pathogenic in deep tissue. Periodontitis, endodontic infections;
- Tannerella: Obligate anaerobe, Rod shaped, some are pleomorphic. Normal oral flora, can be pathogenic in deep tissue. infections, periodontal pockets
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Description
Test your knowledge on bacterial infections with this quiz focused on Actinomycosis, Clostridia, Mycobacteria, Enterobacteria, and Neisseria. Each question explores the characteristics and treatment options for these pathogens. Ideal for microbiology students and enthusiasts.
