Skeleton Review PDF

Fibrocartilage Cartilage in Intervertebral disc Pubic Bones of skeleton symphysis Axial skeleton Meniscus Appendicular skeleton (pad-like cartilage in Cartilages knee joint) Hyaline cartilages Elastic cartilages...

Fibrocartilage Cartilage in Intervertebral disc Pubic Bones of skeleton symphysis Axial skeleton Meniscus Appendicular skeleton (pad-like cartilage in Cartilages knee joint) Hyaline cartilages Elastic cartilages Fibrocartilages Figure 6.1 Figure 6.2 Structure of Long Bone Figure 6.3  Compact Spongy bone bone Central Perforating (Haversian) canal (Volkmann’s) canal Endosteum lining bony canals Osteon and covering trabeculae (Haversian system) Circumferential lamellae (a) Perforating (Sharpey’s) fibers Lamellae Periosteal blood vessel Periosteum Nerve Vein Artery Lamellae Central Lacuna (with Canaliculi canal osteocyte) Osteocyte Lacunae in a lacuna (b) (c) Interstitial lamellae Figure 6.9 Endochondral Ossification Week 9 Month 3 Birth Childhood to adolescence Articular cartilage Secondary ossification Spongy center bone Epiphyseal Area of blood vessel deteriorating Epiphyseal cartilage matrix plate cartilage Hyaline cartilage Medullary Spongy bone cavity formation Bone Blood collar vessel of Primary periosteal ossification bud center 1 Bone collar 2 Cartilage in the 3 The periosteal 4 The diaphysis elongates 5 The epiphyses forms around center of the bud invades the and a medullary cavity ossify. When hyaline cartilage diaphysis calcifies internal cavities forms. Secondary completed, hyaline model. and then develops and spongy bone ossification centers appear cartilage remains only cavities. begins to form. in the epiphyses. in the epiphyseal plates and articular cartilages. Figure 6.10 Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Figure 6.16 Stages in the healing of a bone fracture. Quick Reference Fractures Frontal Bone Parietal Bones Petrous portion Mandibular fossa The Sacrum and Coccyx  Jugular notch Clavicular notch Manubrium Sternal angle Body Sternum True Xiphisternal ribs joint (1–7) Xiphoid process False Intercostal spaces ribs (8–12) Costal cartilage Costal margin L1 VertebraFloating ribs (11, 12) (a) Skeleton of the thoracic cage, anterior view The Scapula The Humerus Radial Olecranon notch of process the ulna Trochlear Head notch Coronoid Head of Neck process radius Radial Neck of Proximal tuberosity radius radioulnar joint Interosseous membrane Ulna Radius Ulnar notch Radius of the radius Head of ulna Styloid Styloid process of ulna process Distal radioulnar Styloid process of radius joint of radius (a) Anterior view (b) Posterior view Pelvic (Hip) Girdle Pelvic (Hip) Girdle The Femur The Tibia and Fibula