Sr. Letty G. Kuan's Retirement And Role Discontinuity Model PDF

SR. LETTY G. KUAN’S: RETIREMENT AND ROLE DISCONTINUITY MODEL Prepared By: Michael Francis H. Cahandig, RN, MN  RETIREMENT Is an inevitable change in one’s life. It is evident in the increasing statistics of aging population accompanied by related disabilities and increase...

SR. LETTY G. KUAN’S: RETIREMENT AND ROLE DISCONTINUITY MODEL Prepared By: Michael Francis H. Cahandig, RN, MN  RETIREMENT Is an inevitable change in one’s life. It is evident in the increasing statistics of aging population accompanied by related disabilities and increased dependence.  RETIREMENT This developmental stage, even at later part of life, must be considered desirable and satisfying through the determination of factors that will help the person enjoy his remaining years of life.  RETIREMENT It is of primary importance to prepare early in life by cultivating other role of options at age 50- 60 in order to have a rewarding retirement period even amidst the presence of role discontinuities experienced by this age group.  Physiological Age Role BASIC ASSUMPTIONS Change of Life AND CONCEPTS Retiree Role Discontinuity Coping Approaches  Is the endurance of cells and tissues to withstand the wear- and-tear phenomenon of the human body. PHYSIOLOGICAL AGE Some individuals are gifted with the strong genetic affinity to stay young for a long time period.  Refers to the set of shared expectations focused upon a particular position. These may include beliefs about what goals or values the position incumbent is to pursue and the norms that will govern his behavior. ROLE It is also the set shared expectations from the retirees socialization experiences and the values internalized while preparing for the position as well as the adaptations to the expectations socially defined for the position itself. For every social role there is complementary set of roles in the social structure among which interaction constantly occurs  Is the period between near retirement and post- retirement years. CHANGE OF In medicophysiological LIFE terms, this equates with the climacteric period of adjustment and readjustment to another tempo of life.  Is an individual who has left the position occupied for the past years of productive life because he/she RETIREE has reached the prescribed retirement age or has completed the required years of service.  Is the interruption in the line of status enjoyed or performed. ROLE DISCONTINUITY The interruption may be brought about by an accident, emergency, and change of position or retirement.  Refer to the interventions or measures applied to solve a problematic COPING situation or state in APPROACHES order to restore or maintain equilibrium and normal functioning. DETERMINANTS OF POSITIVE PERCEPTIONS IN RETIREMENT AND POSITIVE REACTIONS TOWARD ROLE DISCONTINUITIES  ▪ Health Status - Refer to physiological and mental state of the respondents, classified as either sickly or healthy. DETERMINANTS OF ▪ Income - (economic level) refers to the POSITIVE financial affluence of the respondent which can be classified as poor, moderate, or rich. PERCEPTIONS IN ▪ Work Status RETIREMENT AND ▪ Family Constellation - Means the type of family composition described either close knit or POSITIVE REACTIONS extended family where three or more generations of family members live under one TOWARD ROLE roof; or distanced family, whose members live in separate dwelling units; or nuclear type of DISCONTINUITIES family where only husband, wife and children live together. ▪ Self-Preparation FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS  Health status dictates the capacities and the type of role one takes both for the present and for the future. HEALTH STATUS It fits for the everyone to maintain and promote health at all ages because only proper care of the mind and body is needed to maintain health in old age.  Family constellation is a positive index regarding retirement positively and also in reacting to role discontinuities. In the Philippines, the family undoubtedly stands as the security or trusting bank where FAMILY all members, young and old can always run and get help. CONSTELLATION When one retires, the shock of the role discontinuities is softened because the family not only cushions the impact, but also offers gainful substitutes, as in providing monetary support, absorbing emotional strains that often times with discontinuities and other forms of surrogating  Income has a high correlation with both the perception of retirement and reactions towards role discontinuities. Since income is one of the factors that secure the outlook of individual, efforts must be exerted to save and spend money wisely while still actively earning in order to have some reserved when one grows old. INCOME It also implies that retirement pensions should be adjusted to meet the demands of the elderly. This should be done in order to have a more relevant and realistic pension and benefits adjustment  Work status goes hand and hand with economic security that generates decent compensation. For the retired, it implies that retirement WORK should not be conceptualized as a period of no work because capabilities to function STATUS get sharpened and refined as they practice it on a regular basis. Work enhances the aspects of self-esteem and contributes to the feeling of wellness even and old age.  Self-preparation which are said to be both therapeutic and recreational in essence pays its worth in old age. This does not only account SELF- professionalism or expertise but also PREPARATION benevolent work as in charitable actions with the colleagues. Self-preparation is investing not in monetary benefits but in something that gives them and dignity; enhance their feelings of self-worth and happiness. ▪ To cope with the changes brought by retirement, one must cultivate interest in recreational activities to channel feelings of depression or isolation and facing realities through confrontation with some issues ▪ To perceive retirement positively, it requires early socialization of the various roles we take in life. ▪ The best place to start is at home extending to schools, neighborhoods. ▪ The community and society in general. In retirement, their fellow retirees are their own best advocates. ▪ To facilitate this, barriers to full participation in the areas where important decisions are rich should be eliminated in order to give recognition and appreciation of the knowledge, wisdom, experience and values which are the social assets that make the retired age and the custodians’ folk wisdom ▪ Government agency to construct holistic preretirement preparation program which will take care of the retiree’s finances, psychological, emotional, and social needs. ▪ Retirement should be recognized as the fulfillment of every individual’ s birthright and must be lived meaningfully. ROZZANO C. LOCSIN'S TECHNOLOGICAL COMPETENCY AS CARING IN NURSING: A MODEL FOR PRACTICE MARIE JOSEPHINE J. SERRA, RN, MAN Clinical Instructor Rozzano C. Locsin Tenured Professor in Nursing Florida Atlantic University - 1991 Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing Professor of Nursing at Tokushima University Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing University of the Philippines - 1988 Master of Arts in Nursing Silliman University - 1978 Bachelor of Science in Nursing Silliman University - 1976 Major Assumptions Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing: A Model for Practice Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing is a theory grounded in Nursing as Caring by Boykin & Schoenhofer. It is illustrated in the practice of nursing grounded in the harmonious coexistence between technology and caring in nursing. Major Assumptions 1. Persons are caring by virtue of their humanness 2. Persons are whole or complete in the moment. 3. Knowing persons is a process of nursing that allows for continuous appreciation of persons moment to moment 4. Technology is used to know wholeness of persons moment to moment 5. Nursing is a discipline and a professional practice Dimensions of Technological Value in the Theory Technology as Completing Human Beings to re-formulate the ideal human being such as in replacement parts, both mechanical (prostheses) or organic (transplantation of organs). Technology as Machine Technologies computers and gadgets enhancing nursing activities to provide quality patient care such as Penelope or Da Vinci in the Operating Theaters Technology that mimic human beings and human activities to meet the demands of nursing care practices, e.g., cyborgs (cybernetic organisms) or anthropomorphic machines and robots such as 'nursebots' Focus and Intention of Nursing Focus of Nursing A human being whose hopes, dreams, and aspirations are to live fully as a caring person (Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2001) Intention of Nursing To know human beings fully as a whole person By affirming, appreciating, and celebrating personhood Through expert and competent use of nursing technologies The What is / Who is Person What is Person? Empirical facts about the compositions of the person - Person as objects Who is Person? Understanding the unpredictable, irreducible person who is more and different than the sum of his or her empirical self - Persons as unique individual Nursing Process KNOWING The process of knowing person is guided by technological knowing in which persons are appreciated as participants in their care rather than as objects of care. The nurse enters the world of the other. In this process, technology is uded to magnify the aspect of the person that requires revealing - a representation of the real person. The person's state change moment to moment - person is dynamic, living, and cannot be predicted. DESIGNING Both the nurse and the one nurses (patient) plan a mutual care process from which the nurse can organize a rewarding nursing practice that is responsive to the patient's desire for care. PARTICIPATION IN APPRECIATION The simultaneous practice of conjoined activities which are crucial to knowing persons. In this stage of the process is the alternating rhythm of implementation and evaluation. The evidence of continuous knowing, implementation, and participation is reflective of the cyclical process of knowing persons. VERIFYING KNOWLEDGE The continuous, cicular process demonstrates the ever-changing, dynamic nature of knowing in nursing. Knowledge about the person that is derived from knowing, designing, and implementing further informs the nurse and the one nursed. METAPARADIGM PERSON Patient seen as “participants in their care rather than object of nurse care” Describes person as human beings who are whole and complete in any moment ENVIRONMENT Technological world in which we live in NURSING “Nurses value technological competency as an expression of caring in nursing” (Locsin, 2013) HEALTH Humanity is preserved in technology Thank you! Group Activity Consider the given scenario. Take into consideration the assumptions and concepts in Locsin’s theory and apply them in answering the questions provided per patient situation. AIZA LYRA M. TAN, RN, MAN STUDENT’S LEARNING OUTCOME ▪ The student must able to critique and discuss the influence of Henderson’s theory in the nursing practice, education, and research such that the theory will serve as a guide for the students in their practice as a caring and soon to be professional nurse. VIRGINIA HENDERSON (NOVEMBER 30, 1897 – MARCH 19, 1996) ▪ Born in Kansas City, Missouri ▪ “Modern-Day Mother of Nursing”, “The First lady of Nursing”, “The Nightingale of Modern Nursing, “The Modern Florence Nightingale”. ▪ Received her early education at home in Virginia with her aunts, and uncle Charles Abbot, at his school for boys in the community Army School of Nursing at Walter Reed Hospital in Washington D.C. ▪ In 1921, she received her Diploma in Nursing from the Army School of Nursing at Walter Reed Hospital, Washington D.C. ▪ In 1923, she started teaching nursing at the Norfolk Protestant Hospital in Virginia. In 1929, she entered Teachers College at Columbia University for her Bachelor’s Degree in 1932, and took her Master’s Degree in 1934.  VIRGINIA HENDERSON ▪ 1921-Henderson worked at the Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service for two years after graduation. She initially planned to switched professions after two years, but her strong desire to help the profession averted her plan. Throughout the years, she helped remedy the view of nurses in part through exhaustive research that helped establish the scholarly underpinnings of her professions. ▪ 1924 to 1929: Instructor and educational director in Norfolk Protestant Hospital, Norfolk, Virginia. The following year, in 1930, she was a nurse supervisor and clinical instructor at the outpatient department of Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, New York. ▪ From 1934 to 1948, 14 years of her career, she worked as an instructor and associate professor at Teachers College, Columbia University in New York. ▪ Since 1953, Henderson was a research associate at Yale University School of Nursing and as a research associate emeritus (1971-1996).  The nurse is the temporary consciousness of the unconscious, the love of life of the suicidal, the leg of the amputee, the eyes, of the newly blind, a means of locomotion to the newborn, knowledge & confidence to the young mother, a voice for those too weak to speak, and so on… Virginia Henderson SHE STRESSED NURSING’S DUTY TO THE PATIENT RATHER THAN TO THE DOCTOR AND PROVIDING A SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NURSING VIRGINIA HENDERSON POPULAR FOR HER DEFINITION OF NURSING “The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or it’s recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge.” FOCUS OF NURSING RESEARCH "from studying nurses to studying the differences that nurses can make in people's lives." CONCEPT OF NURSING ▪ Doing things for the patients that they would do for themselves if they could. But I go on to say that the nurse makes the patient independent of him/her as soon as possible. ▪ Assisting individuals to gain independence in relation to the performance of activities contributing to health or its recovery SUBSTITUTIVE A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE PATIENT Doing for the person (doer) SUPPLEMENTARY A HELPER TO THE PATIENT Helping the person (helper) COMPLEMENTARY A PARTNER WITH THE PATIENT Working with the person (partner) with the goal of helping the person become as independent as possible.  NEED THEORY PHYSIOLOGICAL -1-9 PSYCHOLOGIAL -10 & 14 SPIRITUAL & MORAL – 11 SOCIOLOGICAL – 12 & 13 1. 2. Breathe normally Eat and drink adequately NEED THEORY 3. Eliminate body wastes 4. Move and maintain desirable postures PHYSIOLOGICAL -1-9 5. Sleep and rest PSYCHOLOGICAL -10 & 14 6. Select suitable clothes—dress and undress SPIRITUAL & MORAL – 11 7. Maintain body temperature within normal range by adjusting clothing and SOCIOLOGICAL – 12 & 13 modifying the environment. 8. Keep the body clean and well groomed and protect the integument 9. Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others 10. Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinions 11. Worship according to one’s faith 12. Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment 13. Play or participate in various forms of recreation 14. Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal development and health and use the available health facilities. ASSUMPTIONS 1. Nurses care for patients until they can care for themselves once again. Patients desire to return to health. 2. Nurses are willing to serve and that “nurses will devote themselves to the patient day and night.” 3. Nurse should be educated at the university level in both arts and sciences. Individuals have basic needs that She defined the patient as are component of health and someone who needs nursing require assistance to achieve care, but did not limit nursing to health and independence or a illness care. Her theory presented peaceful death. An individual the patient as a sum of parts with achieves wholeness by biopsychosocial needs and the maintaining physiological and mind and body are inseparable emotional balance and interrelated. PERSON ▪ Although not explicitly defined, health was taken to mean balance in all realms of human life. It is equated with the independence or ability to perform activities without any aid in the 14 components or basic human needs. ▪ Nurses, on the other hand, are key persons in promoting health, prevention of illness and being able to cure. According to Henderson, a good health is a challenge because it is affected by numerous factors such as age, cultural background, emotional balance, and others. HEALTH ▪ Although the Need Theory did not explicitly define the environment, Henderson stated that maintaining a supportive environment conducive for health is one of the elements of her 14 activities for client assistance. ▪ She believes that society wants and expects the nurse’s service of acting for individuals who are unable to function independently. ▪ Involves the relationship one shares with family. ENVIRONMENT ▪ The unique function of the nurse is to assist an individual sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to a peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge. And to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible. NURSING  Her emphasis on basic human needs as the central focus of nursing practice has led to further theory development regarding the needs of the person and how nursing can assist in meeting those needs. Her definition of nursing and the 14 components of basic nursing care are uncomplicated and self- explanatory. CONCLUSION HENDERSON AND THE NURSING PROCESS [ APPLICATION OF THE THEORY ] Nursing Process Henderson’s Fourteen Components and Definition of Nursing Nursing Assessment Assess needs of human being based on the 14 components of basic nursing care: 1. Breathe normally 8. Keep body clean & well-groomed 2. Eat & drink adequately 9. Avoid dangers in environment 3. Eliminate body wastes 10. Communicate 4. Move & maintain posture 11. Worship according to one’s faith 5. Sleep & Rest 12. Work accomplishment 6. Suitable clothing, dress or undress 13. Recreation 7. Maintain Body Temperature 14. Learn, discover or satisfy curiosity Nursing Diagnosis Analysis: Compare data to knowledge base of health & disease Identify individual’s ability to meet own needs with or without assistance, taking into consideration strength, will or knowledge. Nursing Plan Document how the nurse can assist the individual, sick or well Nursing Assist the sick or well individual in the performance of activities in meeting human needs to maintain Implementation health, recover from illness, or to aid in peaceful death. Implementation based on physiological principles, age, cultural background, emotional balance, and physical and intellectual capacities. Carry out treatment prescribed by the physician. Nursing Evaluation Use the acceptable definition of nursing and appropriate laws r/t the practice of nsg. The quality of care is drastically affected by the preparation and native ability of the nursing personnel rather than the amount of hours of care. Successful outcomes of nursing care are based on the speed with which or degree to which the patient performs independently the activities of daily living. APPLICATION OF THE THEORY ▪ Henderson’s Needs Theory can be applied to nursing practice as a way for nurses to set goals based on Henderson’s 14 components. Meeting the goal of achieving the 14 needs of the clientAPPLICATION can be a great basis to further improve one’s performance towards nursing care. In nursing research, each of her 14 fundamental concepts can serve as a basis for research although the statements were not written in testable terms. SAMPLE DIAGRAM OF HENDERSON’S THEORY STRENGTHS - Henderson’s concept of nursing is widely accepted in nursing practice today. Her theory and 14 components are relatively simple, logical, and can be applied to individuals of all ages. WEAKNESS - There is an absence of a conceptual diagram that interconnects the 14 concepts and subconcepts of Henderson’s theory. On assisting the individual in the dying process, there is a little explanation of what the nurse does to provide “peaceful death.” Henderson, 1960