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Questions and Answers

What is the significance of preparing for retirement around the age of 50-60?

  • It eliminates all health-related issues.
  • It allows individuals to adapt to role discontinuities. (correct)
  • It guarantees a full return to previous roles.
  • It ensures immediate financial independence.

    • What does the term 'role discontinuity' refer to in the context of retirement?

  • Changes in social roles experienced by retirees. (correct)
  • The sudden loss of all social interactions.
  • The development of new social norms unrelated to retirement.
  • The consistent adherence to previous roles during retirement.

    • Which of the following best describes 'physiological age'?

  • The ability of an individual to overcome aging effects. (correct)
  • An exact measure of chronological age.
  • The number of years a person has lived.
  • The aging process alongside social expectations.

    • What is meant by 'change of life' in the context of retirement?

    <p>A period of transition towards a slower pace of living.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of shared expectations in the context of a retiree's social role?

    <p>They shape the social interactions and responsibilities of retirees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it stated that retirement can be seen as a desirable phase?

    <p>It allows for the cultivation of new interests and relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can genetic factors influence retirement, according to the content?

    <p>They affect the endurance of cells, influencing longevity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of preparing for retirement according to the discussed concepts?

    <p>Cultivating options to ensure a rewarding retirement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a retiree?

    <p>An individual who has reached retirement age or completed required service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors contribute to positive perceptions of retirement?

    <p>Health status, income, work status, and family constellation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is family constellation classified?

    <p>As nuclear, extended, or distanced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant determinant of role discontinuity?

    <p>Health status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of coping approaches are referred to in the content?

    <p>Interventions to solve problematic situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'self-preparation' refer to in the context of retirement?

    <p>Mentally and physically preparing for retirement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification describes the health status of a respondent?

    <p>Healthy or sickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to maintain health throughout life?

    <p>To promote long-term well-being into old age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main strategies to cope with changes brought by retirement?

    <p>Cultivating interest in recreational activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do fellow retirees play in the retirement journey?

    <p>They serve as advocates for one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should retirement be recognized as, according to the content?

    <p>The fulfillment of every individual's birthright</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for perceiving retirement positively?

    <p>Early socialization of the various roles in life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the theory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing, what is one major assumption?

    <p>Persons are complete in each moment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the process of knowing persons emphasize in nursing practice?

    <p>Continuous appreciation of persons moment to moment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be eliminated to facilitate participation in important decision-making areas for retirees?

    <p>Barriers to full participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall goal of a holistic preretirement preparation program?

    <p>To address the emotional, psychological, and social needs of retirees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does family constellation impact an individual's reaction to retirement?

    <p>It cushions the impact of role discontinuities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated about income in relation to retirement and role discontinuities?

    <p>Income should be managed wisely while earning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best reflects the concept of work status during retirement?

    <p>Retirement should not be seen as a time without work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does self-preparation play in the lives of retirees?

    <p>It is essential for maintaining self-esteem and well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should retirement pensions be adjusted?

    <p>To meet the changing demands of the elderly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can family support aid in the transition to retirement?

    <p>By cushioning emotional strains and providing substitutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the content suggest about economic security and work?

    <p>Economic security significantly influences work compensation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the therapeutic aspect of self-preparation?

    <p>It includes engaging in charitable actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Virginia Henderson's role at Teachers College, Columbia University from 1934 to 1948?

    <p>Instructor and Associate Professor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects Virginia Henderson's view on the duty of nursing?

    <p>Nursing should provide a scientific basis for practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Virginia Henderson, what is the unique function of a nurse?

    <p>To assist individuals in activities contributing to health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key goal of nursing as described in the concept of independence?

    <p>To assist patients to become independent as soon as possible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'complementary' role of a nurse refer to?

    <p>Working as a partner with the patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the need theory, which physiological need is concerned with moving and maintaining desirable postures?

    <p>Move and maintain desirable postures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which need falls under the psychological category in Henderson's need theory?

    <p>Sleep and rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What category does the need to select suitable clothes fall into in Henderson's framework?

    <p>Spiritual &amp; Moral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary responsibilities of nurses according to the outlined principles?

    <p>To care for patients until they can care for themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the 14 basic human needs mentioned?

    <p>Participating in financial planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of health, what is closely equated with independence?

    <p>Performing activities without aid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Henderson view the relationship between the mind and body?

    <p>They are inseparable and interrelated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do nurses play in promoting health according to the content?

    <p>They prevent illness and assist in healing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is maintaining a supportive environment considered essential in health care?

    <p>It helps in achieving balance and promotes overall well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as affecting health?

    <p>Physical fitness level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes the definition of health according to the content?

    <p>Balance in all realms of human life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sr. Letty G. Kuan's Retirement and Role Discontinuity Model

    • Retirement is an inevitable life change, evident in aging populations and increased dependence.
    • This stage should be viewed as desirable.
    • Planning for options at ages 50-60 is crucial for a rewarding retirement period.

    Basic Assumptions and Concepts

    • Physiological Age: The endurance of cells and tissues in the human body, affected by wear and tear. Some have significant genetic advantage for staying youthful.
    • Role: Set of shared expectations focused on a particular position, including goals, values, and norms.
    • Change of Life: Period between near retirement and post-retirement. It's equivalent to the climacteric period where individuals readjust to a new tempo of life.
    • Retiree: An individual who has left their past employment role due to prescribed age or completed service years.
    • Role Discontinuity: Interruption in the line of status enjoyed or expected from a position, potentially occurring through accidents, emergencies, and role changes, including retirement.
    • Coping Approaches: Interventions or measures intended to resolve problematic situations and restore equilibrium and normal function.
    • Determinants of Positive Perceptions in Retirement and Positive Reactions Toward Role Discontinuities:
      • Health status
      • Income
      • Work status
      • Family constellation
      • Self-preparation

    Findings and Recommendations

    • Health status is critical for managing capacities and roles throughout life.
    • Family relationships positively support retirement.
    • Income security is important for preparing for retirement.
    • Work contributes to self-esteem and well-being, so keeping engaged is important in retirement.
    • Self-preparation supports the transition into retirement by fostering interests and emotional well-being.
    • For successful retirement, interests should be maintained in social activities.
    • Government agencies should develop well-rounded retirement preparation programs, addressing financial, emotional, and social needs.

    Rozzano C. Locsin's Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing: A Model for Practice

    • Technological competency as caring is rooted in the caring theory by Boykin and Schoenhofer.
    • The model highlights the harmonious coexistence of technology and caring in nursing.
      • Technological aspects as completing human beings (prostheses/organ transplantations)
      • Technology as machine technologies (computers, operating theater equipment)
      • Technology that mimics human activities (nursebots)
    • Nursing values technological competence in caring, and technological developments aid in patient care, such as creating a more peaceful death/coping mechanisms.
    • Assumptions of this theory focus on the person as a whole, complete in the moment, and appreciated as a participant of both patient care and technology:
      • Persons care by virtue of their humanness.
      • Persons are complete in the moment.
      • Knowing an individual is essential to providing proper care.
    • Technological importance for determining wholeness for a person in the moment
    • Dimensions of technological value include concepts of the person, the environment, nursing, and health.
      • This model uses a cyclical method of assessing factors and adapting to them.

    Virginia Henderson's Fourteen Basic Human Needs

    • Physiological needs (1-9)

    • Psychological needs (10 & 14)

    • Social/Spiritual needs (11)

    • Sociological needs (12 & 13)

    • The focus is assisting patients in performing needed activities based on their individual strengths. This includes assisting the ill/well in basic daily activities to develop independence.

      • Maintaining a supportive environment conducive for health and wellbeing is crucial.

    • Three levels of nurse-patient relationship:

      • Substitutive (doing for the patient)
      • Supplementary (helping the patient)
      • Complementary (partnering with the patient)

    • Assumptions:

      • Nurses care for patients until independent.
      • Patients desire health.
      • Nurses are willing to devote themselves to the patient.
      • Nurses need university education (both arts and sciences).

    • Strengths: Focused and easy to understand, relevant to all ages.

    • Weaknesses: No conceptual diagram of connections in theory components, explanation of 'peaceful death' is lacking.

    Application of the Theory

    • Application in practice by setting goals using components (and needs) of Henderson's theory for guiding actions.
    • Valuable for nursing research on improving patient care.

    Sample Diagram of Henderson's Theory

    • Shows relationship between nurse's role and the needs of the patients.
    • This framework identifies patient needs and the nurse's role in addressing them.
    • Goal-met framework to establish patient improvement and independence via nursing care.

    Metaparadigm in Nursing

    • Includes concepts of the patient, environment, health, and nursing, recognizing how they all interconnected.
    • Healthy balance is equated to independence in performing life functions in all contexts of life.

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