Sentence Structures PDF

Sentence Structures  Goals and Objectives of the day: 1.Give meaning to sentence and sentence structure. 2. Identify the basic parts and components of sentences. 3. Write correct and meaningful sentences. What Do You Mean by Sentence Structure? Sentence structure is a grammatical component...

Sentence Structures  Goals and Objectives of the day: 1.Give meaning to sentence and sentence structure. 2. Identify the basic parts and components of sentences. 3. Write correct and meaningful sentences. What Do You Mean by Sentence Structure? Sentence structure is a grammatical component that tells you exactly where and how each component of a sentence should be placed in order to blend and make sense. The Collins Dictionary defines sentence structure as “the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences.” In other words, the sentence structure is what defines the way a sentence will look and sound. Sentence structure is the way a sentence is arranged, grammatically. Basic Parts and Components of a Sentence Before we look into how sentence structure works, we will have to first learn about the basic structure of a sentence and the components that make up a sentence. Parts of a Sentence A sentence consists of a subject and a predicate. In other words, a sentence should have a subject and a verb. Subject The subject can be a noun or a pronoun that does the action. For example: The sun is shining. He is listening Today is Saturday. Predicate The verb is the action performed by the particular subject in the sentence. For example: I love macaroni and cheese. Miguel has a pet. Joshua can draw. Components of a Sentence Together with the 2 parts, a sentence has five main components that make up the structure. Subject Verb Object Complement Adjunct Now, let us look at each of these components in detail. Subject A noun that performs the action in a sentence is considered as the subject. It answers the question ‘who’ or in other words, a subject can be identified by asking the question ‘who’. A subject takes the first place in most cases, especially in declarative or assertive sentences. For example: The child kept crying. Our school team won the match. My son is in the seventh grade. Hard work pays. No one came to the Saturday class. Verb In every sentence the most important word can be said to be the verb. A verb shows action or activity or work done by the subject. Remember that all verbs including main verbs, helping verbs, and action verbs come under this category. Most often, verbs appear immediately after the subject. For example: Nena is writing a letter. It was too dark. I feel tired. My phone is not working. Marvin’s dog ran away. TAKE NOTE: The sentence structure of your writing includes where the noun and verb fall within an individual  White board/notebook activity: 1. Write a sentence with a subject and a predicate. 2. Underline the subject and encircle the verb. Copy the Subject and the Verb in the following sentences Answers: Object An object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action done by the subject. Objects are of two types and they are, Direct Object Indirect Object Direct Object A noun or pronoun that receives the action directly is the direct object in the sentence. It answers the question ‘what’. Direct objects mostly appear immediately after the verb and are the primary objects in the sentence. For example: Harry bought a new car. My mom made a cake. I met my friend. She knows all the songs. We watched a movie. Indirect Object An indirect object is a noun or pronoun that is a secondary object. It can be identified by asking the question ‘to / for whom’. When there is an indirect object in a sentence, it is mostly placed after the verb and before the direct object. For example: Victoria gave Kristina a cake. My mom bought me a new dress. I gave him a chocolate. They gave us coffee with breakfast. He lent his friend a pen. Copy the DO and the IO in the following sentences 1. He lost one election after another. 2. Abraham Lincoln studied languages with his mother. 3. Lincoln lived in New Salem, Illinois. 4. A new town was built near New Salem. 5. He gave his mother the Bible. 6. Harry bought himself a new suit. 7. Roadrunners travel great distances. 8. Samantha hid her book under the desk. Answers: Copy the DO and the IO in the following sentences 1. He lost one election after another. 2. Abraham Lincoln studied languages with his mother. 3. Lincoln lived in New Salem, Illinois. 4. A new town was built near New Salem. 5. He gave his mother the Bible. 6. Harry bought himself a new suit. 7. Roadrunners travel great distances. 8. Samantha hid her book under the desk. Complement The words required to complete the meaning of a sentence can be referred to as the complement of the sentence. A complement can be an adjective, a name, a position or a profession. For example: It grew dark. He is a dentist. That’s her dog, Bruno. Complements are further divided into two types based on which component it speaks about. Subject Complement Object Complement Subject Complement expresses the quality or identity or condition of the subject For example: She is a doctor. I am James. Robert is clever. The students are very excited. My brother is a teacher. Object Complement expresses the quality or identity or condition of an object For example: They made her angry. The students elected Bernard the class leader. They named their daughter, Theresa. Marley met her friend, Ryan. Nobody found the movie interesting. Adjunct a word or a phrase that gives more information about an action, an event, a quality and so on. In short, it can be said that these words can include adverbs and adverb clauses. Adjuncts can be identified by asking questions ‘when’, ‘where’, ‘why’, ‘how’, ‘how often’ and ‘to what extent’. When using adjuncts, keep in mind that adjuncts can be used in the beginning, middle or end of the sentence and that there can be more than one adjunct in a sentence. Take a look at the following Examples to understand how adjuncts can be used. Yesterday, we met at the park. He is very tired. Due to his ill-health, he could not come home for Christmas. My father reads the newspaper everyday. This workout routine is extremely exhausting.