Semen Examination Lecture PDF

Identification and Description of the Components of Routine Semen Examination For Medical Technicians  Introduction Why Semen Analysis? - Key tool in diagnosing male infertility. - Applications in reproductive health evaluation and vasectomy success. Le...

Identification and Description of the Components of Routine Semen Examination For Medical Technicians  Introduction Why Semen Analysis? - Key tool in diagnosing male infertility. - Applications in reproductive health evaluation and vasectomy success. Learning Objectives: - Understand gross parameters, sperm counts, morphology, and chemical tests.  Components of Routine Examination WHO Guidelines (Latest Edition): - Standardized parameters for semen analysis. Key Areas Covered: - Gross Examination - Microscopy (Sperm Count and Morphology) - Biochemical Analysis  Gross Examination Physical Properties Assessed: - Appearance: Whitish-gray (normal) vs. yellow/red (abnormal). - Volume: 1.5–7.0 mL (normal range). - Viscosity: Normal: Slightly gelatinous. - Liquefaction: Within 30 minutes (normal).  Cell Counts Sperm Concentration: - Normal: ≥15 million sperm/mL. - Measured using hemocytometer or automated systems. Total Sperm Count: - Formula: Concentration × Volume. Clinical Relevance:  Morphological Examination Criteria for Normal Morphology: - WHO Kruger strict criteria. - Oval head, intact midpiece, and tail. Types of Abnormalities: - Head, midpiece, and tail defects. Staining Techniques: - Papanicolaou, Giemsa.  Common Chemical Tests Key Tests: - pH: Normal range 7.2–8.0. - Fructose: Indicates seminal vesicle function. - Zinc and Citric Acid: Prostate function markers. - Antisperm Antibodies: Detected via MAR or ELISA.  Quality Control in Semen Analysis Importance of Quality Control: - Ensures reliability and reproducibility of results. Standard Protocols: - Equipment calibration and staff training. - Adherence to WHO guidelines.  Summary Key Takeaways: - Gross Examination: Initial assessment. - Cell Counts: Quantify sperm concentration. - Morphology: Assess defects. - Chemical Tests: Evaluate glandular function. Importance of Standardization: - Accurate and reproducible results.  Questions & Discussion Case Studies: - Real-world examples for practice. Challenges and Errors: - Highlight pitfalls and solutions. Open Discussion: - Address queries and share insights.