Semen Analysis Introduction

Semen Analysis Introduction

• Semen analysis is a key tool for diagnosing male infertility.
• It's also used in reproductive health evaluations and vasectomy success assessments.
• Learning objectives include understanding gross parameters, sperm counts, morphology, and chemical tests.
• WHO guidelines provide standardized parameters for semen analysis.

Components of Routine Examination

• Key areas covered include gross examination, microscopy (sperm count and morphology), and biochemical analysis.

Gross Examination

• Physical properties assessed include:
  • Appearance: Whitish-gray (normal) vs. yellow/red (abnormal).
  • Volume: 1.5-7.0 mL (normal range).
  • Viscosity: Normal (slightly gelatinous).
  • Liquefaction: Within 30 minutes (normal).

Cell Counts

• Sperm Concentration:
  • Normal: ≥15 million sperm/mL.
  • Measured using hemocytometer or automated systems.
• Total Sperm Count:
  • Formula: Concentration × Volume.

Morphological Examination

• Criteria for Normal Morphology: WHO Kruger strict criteria, oval head, intact midpiece, and tail.
• Types of Abnormalities: Head, midpiece, and tail defects.
• Staining Techniques: Papanicolaou, Giemsa.

Common Chemical Tests

• Key Tests:
  • pH: Normal range 7.2-8.0.
  • Fructose: Indicates seminal vesicle function.
  • Zinc and Citric Acid: Prostate function markers.
  • Antisperm Antibodies: Detected via MAR or ELISA.

Quality Control in Semen Analysis

• Importance of Quality Control: Ensures reliability and reproducibility of results.
• Standard Protocols: Equipment calibration and staff training. Adherence to WHO guidelines.

Summary

• Key Takeaways:
  • Gross Examination: Initial assessment.
  • Cell Counts: Quantify sperm concentration.
  • Morphology: Assess defects.
  • Chemical Tests: Evaluate glandular function.
• Importance of Standardization: Accurate and reproducible results.

Questions & Discussion

• Case Studies: Real-world examples for practice.
• Challenges and Errors: Highlight pitfalls and solutions.
• Open Discussion: Address queries and share insights.