RSRCH Q1 - HIRAYA 10-3.pdf

HIRAYA RSRCH Q1 Lecturer: Chanel Belicario, JD Cunanan & Kezia Acub IMRAD FORMAT - This is typically the least read section of an IMRaD report. GENERAL FORMATTING: - Fo...

HIRAYA RSRCH Q1 Lecturer: Chanel Belicario, JD Cunanan & Kezia Acub IMRAD FORMAT - This is typically the least read section of an IMRaD report. GENERAL FORMATTING: - Font: Times New Roman RESULTS - Font size: 12 - What did you find? - Spacing: Double - The results section contains only the findings, - Single spacing used in references not any explanation of or commentary on the - Left alignment findings. - Indented - Results sections are written in the past tense. - 1.25-inch margin for left - Tables and figures are labeled and numbered - 1-inch margin for top, bottom, right separately. - A4 Paper - Captions go above tables and beneath figures. Research paper must include a table of contents, list DISCUSSION of figures, tables, abstract (overall summary of your - What does it mean? paper), introduction, methods/methodology, results - This section summarizes your main findings, and discussion, conclusion and recommendations, comments on those findings, and connects bibliography (references), appendices (documentation them to other research. of research, conducting of research, research results, - You also discuss the limitations of your study expenses/receipts, etc.) and curriculum vitae (contact and use these limitations as reasons to information of the researchers). suggest additional, future research. IMRAD FORMAT - divided into 3 parts: Introduction, ABSTRACT Methods, and Results and Discussion. - Summarize the entire study. - The abstract for the report comes at the INTRODUCTION beginning of the paper, but you should write it - Make a case for your study. after you have drafted the full report. - States the motivation (usually a reason, or a - The abstract provides a very short overview of problem, that you selected to be researched the entire paper, including a sentence or two and solved) for the work presented and about the report’s purpose and importance, a prepares readers for the structure of the paper. sentence or two about your methods, a few - The introduction explains why the research is sentences that present the main findings, and important. It begins by describing the problem a sentence or two about the implications of or situation that motivates the research; your findings. discussing the current state of research in the field; then revealing a “gap” or problem in the PARTS OF THE INTRODUCTION field. Finally, explain how the present research (Sequence from quiz:) is a solution to that problem or gap. If the 1. Background of the study study has hypotheses, they are presented at 2. Statement of the problem the end. 3. Objectives - No subheadings, everything should be in 4. Hypothesis paragraph form. 5. Significance of the study METHODS I. Background of the study - this usually talks - What will you do? about the general ideas and description of the - The methods section tells readers how will you problem and solutions of the topic being conduct your study. It includes information researched; the scientific basis together with about your population, sample, methods, and research literature is also included in this part. equipment. 1. Proposal setting - target - The “gold standard” of the methods section is audience/location of target audience; that it should enable readers to duplicate your global or local study. 2. Existing solution to the problem - - Methods sections typically use subheadings; what do the people in your target they are written in future tense, and use a lot of audience do/use to solve the problem passive voice. being researched? HIRAYA RSRCH Q1 Lecturer: Chanel Belicario, JD Cunanan & Kezia Acub 3. Your own solution - what alternate solution will you create to solve the REMINDER: Collection and preparation of materials, problem being researched? experimental processes, and data analysis MUST be 4. Scientific basis + RRL cited. - Thematic approach (accordingly to theme) 1. Collection and preparation of materials - - Should be per topic what are the materials to be used, where will - Foreign/local they be collected, and how will they be prepared II. Statement of the Problem (SoP) - these are 2. Experimental processes - processes that will usually the summarized problems you are be conducted to create the tool to be used for trying to solve, it is usually written as the solution (e.g. extraction, treatments, etc.). “[PROBLEM]. The researchers will Make sure that standard protocols/ [SOLUTION].” or the like. procedures (processes that are derived from 1. Rationale - what encouraged you to previous usage by numerous scientists, study; reasoning postdocs, graduate students, and technicians) 2. Importance - GENERAL reason why should be followed in conducting the research. your research/solution is important; 3. Data analysis - processes on how the data should be based on your own, do NOT recorded will be analyzed. Make sure that include citations standard protocols/procedures are followed. 4. Risk and safety - safety procedures that III. Objectives - goals that should be achieved should be done and followed while conducting along the way the research is being conducted. the research (e.g. equipment, chemicals, etc.) When enlisting the risk and safety of IV. Hypothesis - if-then statement; if [target chemicals, MSDS or Material Safety Data audience] does/uses [your solution], then [it Sheet should be enlisted, but it is optional. will be solved] 5. Disposal method - how will you dispose of unnecessary materials, chemicals, and V. Significance of the Study - CURRENT reason equipment used? Must be very specific but why your research/solution is important gathers general information, written in (importance but in current time) paragraph form. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN METHODOLOGY AND METHODS OTHER KEY POINTS: Methodology - GENERAL processes that were - Anatomy - usually used to determine what researched and will be conducted, meaning it parts of the plant sample will be used in the is theoretical; includes what will be used and research what measurement. The methodology permits experiments and data collection to be repeated, details the conditions used to produce results, and explains the reasoning for certain operational choices made for a given experiment or measurement. Methods - SPECIFIC processes that are confirmed to be conducted, processes that were from methodology; involves experimental process and analyses, specific research locale may be included. Methods aim to produce research results that are accurate, repeatable, and valid. It includes different procedures, protocols, and techniques for collecting, interpreting, and analyzing data. PARTS OF METHODS Flow chart - graphical representation of the processes that will be conducted in the research paper. HIRAYA RSRCH Q1 Lecturer: Chanel Belicario, JD Cunanan & Kezia Acub BUSINESS LETTER A business letter is a formal message typically sent from one professional to another. Generally, business letters discuss opportunities for companies to work together, such as through a strategic partnership, collaboration, promotion, or request. Format: - Font: Times New Roman or Handwritten in paper - Margins: 1 inch - Spacing: Single - A4 paper - In block format, all the lines are left-aligned, and there are no indents. - In semi-block format, all the lines are left-aligned, and each paragraph is indented. >> Credits: Katrina “Pogi” Yusi