IMRAD Research Format PDF

IMRAD Research Format ROEL P. VILLOCINO, Ed. D. IMRAD is an acronym for Introduction Methods Results And Discussion What is IMRAD? I. Introduction i. Background of the Study ii. Objectives iii. Review of Related Literature iv. Framework of the Study (...

IMRAD Research Format ROEL P. VILLOCINO, Ed. D. IMRAD is an acronym for Introduction Methods Results And Discussion What is IMRAD? I. Introduction i. Background of the Study ii. Objectives iii. Review of Related Literature iv. Framework of the Study (Conceptual or Theoretical Framework) v. Statement of the Problem (quan)/Research Questions (qua) vi. Significance of the Study vii. Definition of Terms Components & Sections II. Methods i. Research Design ii. Research Locale iii. Research Respondents (quan)/Research Participants (qua) iv. Data Collection Procedure v. Research Instruments vi. Statistical Tools (quan)/Data Analysis (qua) vii. Ethical Consideration (qua none for quan) Components & Sections III. Results And Discussion i. Results ii. Discussions iii. Conclusion iv. Recommendations Components & Sections  References (Using APA referencing style) Communications Questionnaire Modules Interview Guide Informed Consent Form Appendices Now, time to familiarize... Background of the Study The problem or focus or topic or issue you wanted to study Rationale why embark on said topic Quote literature to support your statements Background of the study without citations is just an ‘opinion essay’ Introduction Objectives Define the focus of your study and what will be achieved by the study Closely related to the statement of the problem Introduction Review of Related Literature Literature and studies dealing with the topic being investigated (books, researches, articles, etc. as sources) Have a minimum of 4 related literature and studies Check the sources according to their relevance to your study Introduction Framework of the Study (Conceptual or Theoretical Framework) It is “the heart and soul” of research Choose between a concept and a theory Concepts are abstract ideas which can be taken from authors or can be personally developed Theories are long-standing and established philosophies or principles developed by renowned theorists or authors Show the research paradigm for quantitative research design; schematic diagram for qualitative Introduction Statement of the Problem/Research Questions Statement of the problem is a term used in quantitative research In order to attain the research objectives and the research paradigm, formulate the statements of the problem highlighting the variables of the study. Research Questions for qualitative research In order to attain research objectives and the schematic diagram, formulate open-ended research questions highlighting the factors identified in the study. Introduction Significance of the Study Who will benefit from the result of the study and the kind of benefit they will get It can be people or organizations Arrange in the order of who gets the most and least benefit. Introduction Definition of Terms Define terms which are used in the study The definition has to be operational or ‘how’ the term is used in the study You may have both the lexical and operational definitions combined Introduction Research Design Discuss the design employed in the study Start by discussing the major approach used; that is whether the study is quantitative, qualitative or mixed Proceed by presenting the specific design as in quantitative correlational research or qualitative phenomenological design. Methods Research Locale Where the study is conducted Make a narrative description of the research locale Why consider it as locale of the study Showing location map is optional Methods Research Respondents/Participants Who are the samples or research respondents who will answer the questionnaires and the research questions Research respondents is the term used for quantitative research design; research participants for qualitative Discuss why you choose your research respondents/participants and the sampling technique used in selecting them. Methods Data Collection Procedure Discuss the process you use in collecting the data It includes, among others, the proper protocol you will observe like asking permission from authorities where study will be conducted. Methods Research Instruments Present the instruments that will be used in gathering the data. Tell whether it is a survey questionnaire for quantitative research or the interview guide for qualitative research. Discuss if it is researcher-made or a standardized instrument Methods Statistical Tools/Data Analysis For quantitative research design, the statistical tools that will be used in analyzing the data For qualitative research design, the method used in analyzing the data Content analysis is the most common method for qualitative research Methods Ethical Consideration Research ethics is very important in qualitative research It includes, but not limited to: securing endorsement letter from authorities, furnishing of informed consent form to participants, responsibility of the researcher to the participants in terms of confidentiality of information and anonymity of identity, and; giving feedbacks to the participants regarding the results Methods Results and Discussion Based on the data gathered, present the results of the study Depending on the data, the presentation can be through the use of graphs or tables. By discussion, you have to make implications of the results Present some recommendations after identifying lapses or weak areas of the issue, problem or topic being studied as shown in the result Results And Discussions End of Presentation