2025 Catholic Schools Academic Junior High Decathlon Fine Arts Study Guide PDF

2025 Catholic Schools Academic Junior High Decathlon Fine Arts Individual Test Study Guide Fine Arts Individual Test Study Guide Based on Children’s Book of Music By DK Permission to copy for Academic...

2025 Catholic Schools Academic Junior High Decathlon Fine Arts Individual Test Study Guide Fine Arts Individual Test Study Guide Based on Children’s Book of Music By DK Permission to copy for Academic Decathlon team and classroom use only. Electronic distribution limited to Academic Decathlon team and classroom use only.  2025 Fine Arts Individual Test Study Guide Table of Contents Pages Introduction to the Study Guide 1-3 Vocabulary and Review Questions 4 - 58 Section One: pages 8-21 4 - 12 Section Two: pages 22-35 13 - 21 Section Three: pages 36-51 22 - 33 Section Four: pages 52-67 34 - 35 Section Five: pages 68-85 46 - 58 Practice Tests 59 - 81 Practice Test #1 60 - 70 Practice Test #2 71 - 81 Answer Keys 82 - 137 Section One: pages 8-21 83 - 91 Section Two: pages 22-35 92 - 100 Section Three: pages 36-51 101 - 111 Section Four: pages 52-67 112 - 122 Section Five: pages 68-85 123 - 135 Practice Quizzes 136 - 137 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Introduction Introduction to the Fine Arts Individual Test Study Guide Resource Materials The Individual Test and Super Quiz for Fine Arts will cover the book, Children’s Book of Music, a DK educational book. The book is naturally broken into three sections. The first two sections (Early Music & Classical Music) are assigned to the Individual Test, which includes pages 8 through 85. The Super Quiz will cover the information presented in Section 3, Modern Music, which includes pages 86 through 137. DK’s Children’s Book of Music will take students on a musical journey around the world, and will allow them to discover the power of music and be inspired by many cultures. This extensive children’s guide is the perfect introduction to the world of music and celebrates music from every inhabited continent! Students will find out how instruments are made and played, and learn about the fascinating lives and achievements of great composers and musicians, from Bach to Bowie, Bjork and Beyoncé. All the essential information about music is covered, including the major movements, composers, instruments and techniques. A Note from the AJHD Study Guide and Test Writer Like students who choose to join Academic Decathlon, I also love to learn. This book was fun to read and allowed me to learn so much. As a young child I played piano, taking lessons for many years. I now regret not staying active with my musical skills. This book allowed me to remember so much of what I practiced as a child, and in addition, discover so much more. Sections The Individual Test Fine Arts Study Guide will cover pages 8-85 in Children’s Book of Music. The Study Guide will be divided into the following sections: Section One: pages 8-21 Section Two: pages 22-35 Section Three: pages 36-51 Section Four: pages 52-67 Section Five: pages 68-85 Vocabulary and Definitions Comprehensive lists of vocabulary words with their definitions for each section are included in the Answer Key section of the study guide. The vocabulary words are listed in order of their appearance in the book. This readily available list of defined words enables students to quickly know a word’s definition and thus maintain focus on the information being related in the text. 1 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Introduction Students are expected to know the definitions and concepts covered on the vocabulary lists. As an alternative to the completed vocabulary lists, a copy of the vocabulary words without definitions is included in the study guide before the review questions for each chapter. This gives the coach/teacher the option of using vocabulary from the book as homework assignments if being taught in a classroom setting. Definitions are derived from a combination of contextual content and dictionary definitions. Definitions are taken directly from the book where applicable, or from online dictionaries. Citations Page numbers are included on the Answer Keys in parentheses for the Short Answer Questions and Practice Test questions. Students should refer to the citation on the answer keys and reread the text to resolve their questions regarding answers. The page numbers are based on the print version of the book listed on the AJHD Study Resources list. Section Review Questions There are questions that correspond to each section of the book. Section Review Questions may be answered from reading the text, including the illustrations and captions. Where appropriate, students should be allowed to give answers that are not necessarily complete sentences, but are written in a manner that is clear to anyone reading their work. It is recommended that students print out a copy of the whole Study Guide that pertains to the information in the text. This packet, when completed with a student’s written answers, will be a valuable study tool for the decathlon test. All questions have corresponding Answers (or Answers Keys) with suggested answers and page citations. Suggested answers to the questions are written to help students with insights. After composing and sharing their own answers, students may refer to the answer keys to compare their own answers and to discuss answers in depth. Practice Tests The optimal value of the Practice Tests is to assess whether or not a student has completed the required reading, and to what extent (how thoroughly). The tests focus on information from the book Children’s Book of Music, a DK publication. Practice Tests can help a student to see whether or not he/she is paying attention to details and text while reading. 2 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Introduction The two practice tests consist of 50 multiple-choice questions each in the same format as the questions on the competition test at the Academic Junior High Decathlon. Study the test results for areas that may need more review. Go back to the materials to better prepare for the day of the competition. Be aware that questions on the actual test will cover material from the book that may or may not be highlighted by the Study Guide (this packet). Students must read the book and study other resources in order to excel in the competition! Tips for Studying Begin studying AJHD resource materials as soon as possible! Do not wait until the month before the test to begin studying. Read study materials for detail. Understand the concepts and important information. Review materials on a regular basis. Set up a quiet study area, without distractions. Create a graphic organizer or timeline, if appropriate to the materials. Create your own set of flashcards on index cards. Keep a set of flashcards handy to review materials while traveling to and from school. Become familiar with multiple-choice format tests. Try to write multiple-choice questions based on study materials. Learn, practice, and implement test-taking skills (e.g. - elimination, underlining key words in questions). Take the practice exams included in the study guides. Set a time limit for completing the test. 3 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section One: Vocabulary Section One: pages 8-21 Vocabulary duet - (8) symphony - (8) composition - (8) playlist - (9) cultural identity - (10) natural sounds - (12) Indigenous - (12) anthropologists - (12) shaman - (12) cuneiform - (see graphic to right) (14) lyric - (15) octave scale - (15) monochord - (15) tone - (15) melody - (15) 4 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section One: Vocabulary harmony - (15) resin - (16) pitch - (16) bellows - (see example on left) (18) polyrhythms - (20) griots - (20) syncopated - (21) 5 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section One: Review Questions Review Questions 1. Complete the graphic organizer. From the first melodies, music has become a way of: 2. How was early music preserved? ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Why did composer Simon Thorne team up with anthropologists in his quest to replicate Neanderthals’ “music”? ________________________________________________________________________ 4. Complete the graphic organizer to show how early cultures, like those on the Solomon Islands, used music in their daily lives. Important parts of music of early cultures: 6 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section One: Review Questions 5. A musical artifact made from an animal bone was found in Slovenia and is believed to have been constructed in 40,000 BCE. What current day instrument is it related to? ______________________ 6. What was discovered in the grave of Queen Pu-abi from Ur? ________________________________________________________________________ 7. What are two examples of early string instruments which the ancient Egyptians developed? ________________________________________________________________________ 8. Where was the oldest written music found, which includes words and instructions on the tuning of the lyre? ________________________________________________________________________ 9. Explain the origin of the word “music”. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 7 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section One: Review Questions 10. Complete the graphic organizer to show what instruments the pupils at the Athenian school in Ancient Greece were taught to play. Athenian pupils learned to play: 11. Complete the chart showing how ancient Greeks worked out music theory and developed a system of music notation. define music as: define horizontal line of music as: define vertical line of music as: writing music down using: 12. Why do you believe the first keyboard was called a hydraulis? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 8 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section One: Review Questions 13. What were the first bagpipes believed to have been created from? ________________________________________________________________________ 14. Why did the Romans create the first brass horns? ________________________________________________________________________ 15. Complete the graphic organizer to tell how this Native Australian may decorate his yidaki (didgeridoo). 16. The first yidaki was believed to have been created over 2,000 years ago. What evidence was found to support this theory? ________________________________________________________________________ 17. Yidaki master, Mark Atkins, has worked with which of the following musicians? A. Jimmy Page B. Philip Glass C. Frank Sinatra D. Yo-Yo Ma E. Both (A) and (B) 9 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section One: Review Questions 18. What do most traditional First Nations Australians frown upon when it comes to playing the yidaki? ________________________________________________________________________ 19. What is another name for wind instruments? ___________________________________ 20. Match the instrument (left) with the blowing method (right). When air is blown and sucked across the holes, the reed harmonica plates inside freely vibrate, causing the air inside to vibrate and make the sound. A single reed of cane in inserted into a metal holder on the accordion mouthpiece. The player’s mouth overlaps the reed to make it vibrate, causing the air inside the tube to make sound. This handheld free reed instrument produces sound clarinet from steel reeds, which vibrate when air is forced through them by a set of bellows. 21. Why do the Polynesians believe that breath from the nose is purer than breath from the mouth? ________________________________________________________________________ 22. What is an alternate name for the harmonica? __________________________________ 10 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section One: Review Questions 23. Describe the contrabassoon in the following chart in comparison with other woodwind instruments. Contrabassoon photo: size in comparison: sound in comparison: 24. What must one look at and study in order to find out how ancient varieties of African music developed over time? _______________________________________________________________________ 11 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section One: Review Questions 25. Complete the chart focused on griots. location: duties: Griots skills: audience: 26. Describe the Kenyan Maasai’s way of life. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 27. What is the most important crop to the Igbo people in Nigeria, and how is it connected to music? ________________________________________________________________________ 28. Explain what a timbila is and where it originated. ________________________________________________________________________ 29. Complete the sentence: A mbira is a small _____________ ____________. 12 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Two: Vocabulary Section Two: pages 22-35 Vocabulary fret - (23) resonator - (24) minstrels - (27) conservatory - (27) ostinato - (28) improvise (improvisation) - (32) koto - (see graphic on right) (34) 13 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Two: Review Questions Review Questions 1. Explain what each hand does while playing the pipa in the graphic below. LEFT: RIGHT: 2. Using the graphic below, name the eight different materials used to make the eight different sounds within the world of Chinese music. Write each answer on a side of the octagon. The 8 Materials Used for Chinese Instruments 3. Name three instruments included in the Chinese metal instrument family. ________________________________________________________________________ 14 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Two: Review Questions 4. Write four facts given about Liu Fang. Fact 1: Fact 3: Liu Fang Fact 2: Fact 4: 5. How have the pipa’s strings changed over the years, and how has this changed how musicians play this instrument? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 15 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Two: Review Questions 6. What are the three ways that string instruments make sound? SOUND 2. 7. Name the five types of chordophones. ________________________________________________________________________ 8. Name a few places (countries) in which the zither is played. ________________________________________________________________________ 9. Match the instrument on the left with its country/region of origin on the right. Yangpin Brazil Balalaika China Krar Ethiopia Berimbau Russia Sarangi South Asia 16 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Two: Review Questions 10. Write five facts about Ziryab. Fact 1: Ziryab Fact 3: Fact 2: Fact 4: graphic representation Fact 5: 11. Describe an oud. ________________________________________________________________________ 12. There is a quote by Leonardo da Vinci that says, “Poor is the pupil who does not surpass his master.” Why could this quote be applied to Ishaq al-Mawsili and Ziryab. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 13. What two rules must musicians follow which show that the gamelan is sacred? ________________________________________________________________________ 14. What is the term for when all the different instruments “phrases” come together in a song during an Indonesian orchestra? _________________________________________ 17 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Two: Review Questions 15. What does the Ma’oz Tzur describe? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 16. What do the words “Namu myōhō renge kyō” mean to the Buddists who chant it? ________________________________________________________________________ 17. Complete the graphic below showing the reasons that the Mãori singers from the Cook Islands use waiata and karakia in their daily lives. 1. 2. Reasons that the Mãori singers use waiata and karakia: 3. 4. 18. Complete the graphic to explain what are the three main parts that all Indian music have in common, no matter where in India the music is from. Use the Indian word on the left, and definition on the right. raga drone tala 18 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Two: Review Questions 19. Complete the chart below showing the two types of classical Indian music and their stylistic details. Classical Indian Music Hindustani Carnatic Music Music Details: Details: 20. Add the names of the left and right drums which are part of the Indian tabla. LEFT RIGHT ___________ ___________ 21. Name three exceptional sitar players and two tabla players. Sitar: ________________________________________________________________ Tabla: _______________________________________________________________ 19 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Two: Review Questions 22. Using the chart below explain the quantity and purpose of each string set on a sitar. 1st Set 2nd Set #: #: Purpose: Purpose: STRING SETS ON A SITAR 3rd Set #: Purpose: 23. Where/how was a koto traditionally played? How did Yatsuhashi Kengyo change how it was played? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 24. Why is the Yatsuhashi dessert named after the musician Yatsuhashi? ________________________________________________________________________ 25. Why would the composition, Rokudan no Shirabe, be a good piece of music to learn if you are playing the koto? ________________________________________________________________________ 20 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Two: Review Questions 26. Sketch the shamisen instrument and answer the following questions in the graphic. SHAMISEN Sketch: How many Name of strings? similar instrument: 21 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Three: Vocabulary Section Three: pages 36-51 Vocabulary treble - (38) bass - (38) motet - (38) Meistersinger - (38) madrigals - (38) word painting - (38) monody - (38) basso continuo - (38) cantata - (39) sonatas - (39) virtuoso - (39) oratorios - (39, 42) concertos - (41) avant-garde - (43) rosin - (45) patrons - (46) pauper - (48) 22 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Three: Vocabulary minuet - (48) freelance - (48) damper - (48) librettist - (49) symphony - (50) 23 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Three: Review Questions Review Questions 1. During what date range were the “Western Classical Tradition” music styles developed? ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Fill in the blanks in the graphic below to show the three important developments in music of the Baroque Period. Three great birth of __________ developments in European music during the growth of the _______ BAROQUE PERIOD increase in ________ ________ 3. Describe polyphonic music, using the roots of the word. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4. What big change did polyphony bring to religious music? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5. Who was Giovanni Gabrieli? ________________________________________________________________________ 24 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Three: Review Questions 6. Describes some changes in music that took place during the Renaissance period in Europe. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 7. What two things happened regarding instruments during the Renaissance period in Europe? ________________________________________________________________________ 8. Explain the contribution which Monteverdi made to the musical world. ________________________________________________________________________ 9. Use the graphic to answer the following question: What are three types of music Jean- Baptiste Lully wrote? Jean-Baptiste Lully wrote: 25 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Three: Review Questions 10. What two styles of musicals did English composer Henry Purcell include in his works? ________________________________________________________________________ 11. Describe canons and fugues. Who developed this concept in music? Listen to “Pachelbel’s Canon in D” online. This __________________________________________ song is often used as an __________________________________________ entrance song for the bride in a wedding. What do you __________________________________________ think of it? 12. Arcangelo Corelli developed new playing techniques demonstrated in his trio sonatas. Why are his sonatas called “trio sonatas”? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 13. Complete the graphic answering the two questions about instrumental music advanced during the Baroque period. What is a concerto? Who helped developed the concerto? 14. Complete the sentences with names of countries. George Frideric Handel was born in _______________, but moved to _____________. He wrote operas and oratorios and many other vocal and instrumental pieces while in ________________. 26 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Three: Review Questions 15. Complete the graphic below ALL ABOUT BACH. Quote Time Period/Style: Full Name Birth Date: Musical Influences: Death date: Birth Place: Instruments played: Interesting Facts: 16. Describe some interesting facts about Bach’s 20 children. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 17. What musical compositions did Bach write? ________________________________________________________________________ 18. Listen to Toccata and Fugue in D Minor by Bach. What are your thoughts on it? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 27 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Three: Review Questions 19. Why would one connect Bach, a man who lived in the 1700s, with Wendy Carlos, a lady living in the 1900s? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 20. Use the Venn diagram to compare and contrast an opera and an oratorio. OPERA ORATORIO 21. Describe the story which is told in The Death of Captain Cook, by Anne Boyd. ________________________________________________________________________ 22. Name a few precursors to the violin and their country/region of origin. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 28 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Three: Review Questions 23. Explain what each hand is doing while playing the violin in the graphic below. LEFT: RIGHT: 24. Complete the analogy. traditional violin strings : animal gut :: modern violin strings : ______________ 25. What are a few changes/discoveries which Antonio Stradivari made while perfecting the violin making process? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 26. Complete the right side by explaining when to use a capital or a lower case “c” for the word classical. Big C little c 29 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Three: Review Questions 27. Describe the three sections, or movements, in the overtures which Alessandro Scarlatti wrote for his operas. _______________________________________________________________________ 28. True or False? Luigi Scarlatti was Alessandro Scarlatti’s son who also became an accomplished musician. ________________________________________________________________________ 29. What lesser famous Bach, but famous none-the-less, bridged the change from the Baroque to the Classical style? ________________________________________________________________________ 30. Complete the graphic explaining the direction which Christoph Willibald Gluck took his operas. AWAY FROM: TO: 31. Color the MIDDLE CLASSICAL ERA musicians in RED. Color the LATE CLASSICAL ERA musicians in BLUE. Franz Joseph Muzio Luigi Cherubini Haydn Clementi Johann Nepomuk Johann Samuel Hummel Christian Bach Wesley Luigi Jan Ladislav Boccherini Antonio Salieri Dussek 30 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Three: Review Questions 32. What was Jan Ladislav Dussek the first to do when performing on his piano? ________________________________________________________________________ 33. Who was nicknamed the “English Mozart” and what type of music did he primarily write? ________________________________________________________________________ 34. Complete the graphic below ALL ABOUT MOZART. Quote Time Period/Style: Full Name Birth Date: Musical Influences: Death date: Birth Place: Instruments played: Interesting Facts: 35. Why did Mozart’s sibling, Maria Anna Mozart, never pursue her dream of becoming a professional musician? ________________________________________________________________________ 31 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Three: Review Questions 36. Match up the opera name (left) with the plot summary (right). The Marriage of The quest of a prince and a companion to rescue the ladies Figaro they love. This opera is a “singspiel”. A comic opera about a devious The Magic Flute count who tries to seduce his wife’s chambermaid but is found out. A dramatic opera about the downfall of a badly behaved Don Giovanni nobleman and his descent into hell. 37. Why were Mozart’s operas so appealing to the public? ________________________________________________________________________ 38. Complete the graphic below ALL ABOUT BEETHOVEN. Time Quote Period/Style: Full Name Birth Date: Musical Influences: Death date: Birth Place: Instruments played: Interesting Facts: 32 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Three: Review Questions 39. How did Beethoven communicate with his friends in his later years of life after losing his hearing? ________________________________________________________________________ 40. How did Beethoven's views of Napoleon change as the war continued through Europe? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 33 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Four: Vocabulary Section Four: pages 52-67 Vocabulary orchestra - (52) lieder - (54) overtures - (55) cyclic form - (55) motif - (55) symphonic poem - (55) flageolet - (56) instrumentation - (56) program music - (56) program notes - (56) nibelung - (61) leitmotifs - (61) ballet - (64) flamenco - (see photo to right) (64) waltz - (64) samba - (65) 34 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Four: Vocabulary soca - (65) tango - (65) hula - (65) 35 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Four: Review Questions Review Questions 1. From what did the orchestra originate? ________________________________________________________________________ 2. When was the typical symphony orchestra complete as we know it today? ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Define the instrument types in the chart below, by matching the left column with its pair on the right. these produce sounds by vibrating air down a tube string instruments these (mostly) produce sound when woodwind musician hit them or shake them instruments these are long metal brass tubes, coiled into instruments different shapes these have tightly percussion stretched strings that instruments vibrate to produce sound 4. Color the following instruments based on their section of the orchestra using the boxed key as your guide. string instruments woodwind instruments brass instruments percussion instruments cello tuba piccolo tambourine double bass English horn cymbal trumpet oboe harp bassoon snare drum 36 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Four: Review Questions 5. True or False? Most percussion instruments are untuned and have no fixed pitches. ________________________________________________________________________ 6. Where are the loudest instruments placed in a typical orchestra? __________________ 7. Complete the short graphic of history below by filling in the blanks. The beginning of the 19th century was the Europe’s start of Europe’s age ____________ of ______________, leading to… ____________ ___________, and and new ___________ ____________ ideas… ___________. 8. Thinking about the historical graphic in question #7, infer why those events might lead to changes in music. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 9. List a few changes that improved instruments developed by the 19th century and the outcome in the circles below. Piano Brass Improvement Improvement Piano Accessibility This all led to: Change 37 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Four: Review Questions 10. Choose two Romantic composers from Page 55 to complete an “ALL ABOUT'' box like previous tasks in this Study Guide. You will need to use outside information to complete this task. Time Quote Period/Style: Full Name Birth Date: Musical Influences: Death date: Birth Place: Instruments played: Interesting Facts: Time Quote Period/Style: Full Name Birth Date: Musical Influences: Death date: Birth Place: Instruments played: Interesting Facts: 38 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Four: Review Questions 11. Complete the graphic below which is ALL ABOUT HECTOR BERLIOZ. Quote Time Period/Style: Full Name Birth Date: Musical Influences: Death date: Birth Place: Instruments played: Interesting Facts: 12. Complete the chart describing the two main styles of opera. Grand Opera Opera Buffa 39 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Four: Review Questions 13. Famous Operas: match the title (middle) with the short summary (left and right blue). The opera is based on This comic opera is a three Scottish folk tales, complicated love story Il Guarany where a barber helps his old with characters linking the stories master win the beautiful girl. The Barber of Seville A spin on the classic story of a girl down a rabbit hole to find Tragic tale of a lady and her the mysterious underground La Traviata lover, with family forcing them world. She encounters fabulous apart, all before sickness creatures that defy all forever tears them apart. Alice in Wonderland reasonable expectations. The Vanishing This opera is named after Bridegroom This opera tells of the a tribe and is a fast-paced last great leader of Aztec love story, set against a Porgy and Bess Mexico in the 16th backdrop of tribal war. century. Madam Butterfly This opera tells the story of the love between Bess, a beautiful The story of Lieutenant woman, and Porgy, a crippled Montezuma Pinkerton and his love beggar, in 1930s South triangle. Carolina. 14. What makes Beijing opera unique? ________________________________________________________________________ 40 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Four: Review Questions 15. Complete the graphic below ALL ABOUT RICHARD WAGNER. Quote Time Period/Style: Full Name Birth Date: Musical Influences: Death date: Birth Place: Famous Works: Interesting Facts: 16. When Richard Wagner reinvented opera as a music drama, what combination did he create? ________________________________________________________________________ 17. What unique aspect of The Ring Cycle did composer Richard Wagner take one step further? ________________________________________________________________________ 18. How did Adolf Hitler show his favoritism towards the musician Richard Wagner? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 41 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Four: Review Questions 19. Complete the timeline for the ancestry of instruments that led up to what we now know as the modern piano. c. 200 900s 1300 1700 s s 20. Complete the quote by scientist, Kenneth Miller: “The piano is able to communicate the sublest universal truths by means of ______________, ________________, and _________________ ___________.” 21. What is the word “piano” short for? __________________________________________ 22. Add in the lengths of the piano sizes below. You may need to use the internet to complete the last column. Name Concert Grand Baby Grand Vertical Piano (upright piano) Picture Size Range 42 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Four: Review Questions 23. Match the dance style (center green) with the facts on the left and right (blue). May need to utilize the study guide vocabulary list and online information to complete. Brazilian dance with hip-shaking rhythmic music popular in Caribbean and South American Viennese Waltz cities during Carnival celebrations. Men and women perform to music produced on traditional Flamenco instruments; hips move rapidly This is an Olympic sport where as if independent from torso. dancers are skaters and perform jumps, spins, & lifts Ballet Kabuki An art form based on the Ballroom dance with two people various folkloric music traditions turning around each other of southern Spain Ice Dancing An artistic dance form Irish Dance performed to music using A form of theatrical Japanese precise and highly formalized dance-drama, using only male performers wearing elaborate Polynesian Hula set steps and gestures. clothing and bright makeup Argentine Tango Dancers hold their upper body still and move their A passionate dance where legs and feet rapidly. the dancers hold each other Samba very close 43 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Four: Review Questions 24. Complete the graphic below ALL ABOUT Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Perhaps go to “Google Pronounce” to listen to his name. FYI (for your information)- Pyotr is the Russian version of Peter. Quote Time Period/Style: Full Name Birth Date: Musical Influences: Death date: Birth Place: Famous Works: Interesting Facts: 44 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Four: Review Questions 25. Three of Tchaikovsky’s ballets are listed and colored at the TOP of the graphic. Using those colors as a ‘key’, color the detail boxes below to match. There may not be an equal number with each ballet. The Sleeping The Beauty Swan Lake Nutcracker This ballet remains one The music has two main If you were to see this of the most demanding themes: a dark heartless ballet today, it would ballets to perform, but theme for the wicked fairy look much of the same and a sweet, gentle theme still many dancers love for the Lilac Fairy. as it did 1889. to perform it. This ballet is a This ballet was This ballet was a flop magical Christmas composed in 1877 at its first tradition all over the when Tchaikovsky performance in 1892. world. was 37. This ballet was little Even if you have This ballet is one of performed when first never seen this the most widely composed, due to its ballet, you may enjoyed and best- difficult dance moves. recognize its music. loved ballets in the world. 26. Describe Tchaikovsky’s The Children’s Album. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 27. Fill in the thought bubble describing Tchaikovsky’s personality. 28. True or False? Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, being a shy and melancholy man, wrote only sad and emotional music. ______________________________________________________ 45 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Five: Vocabulary Section Five: pages 68-85 Vocabulary proms - (68) Tudor melodies / Tudor music - (68) Scandinavia - (see map to left) (69) ballad - (69) taut - (76) prelude – (80) operettas - (84) 46 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Five: Review Questions Review Questions 1. Write on the note where each composer was from. The first “note” is an example already completed. Amy Gustav Joaquin Beach Holst Rodrigo Carlos Jean Sergei Chavez Sibelius Rachmaninoff 2. Explain what each composer did in Central and South America to help their respective national pride. Carlos Chavez Alberto Ginastera Heitor Villa- Lobos 3. With what did the French composers from the 19th and early 20th centuries experiment? ________________________________________________________________________ 47 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Five: Review Questions 4. Which of the following are Spanish composers who helped create a Romantic Spanish style of music? Color them in, while crossing the rest out. Manuel de Eduardo Joaquin Falla Rosales Rodrigo Josefa Enrique Francisco Texidor Goya Granados Torres Antonio Francisco Isaac María Pradilla Albeniz Esquivel Ortiz 5. What was the goal of The Mighty Handful? ________________________________________________________________________ 48 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Five: Review Questions 6. Complete the chart containing information about The Mighty Handful composers. Name Photo Birth - Death Year Interesting Facts 1837- 1839- 1833- 1835- 1844- 49 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Five: Review Questions 7. Review this interesting timeline comparing the lifetimes of each of The Mighty Handful with the ruler of Russia at the time. Whose life was the shortest? Infer why this might have been. ________________________________________________________________________ 8. Complete the graphic showing how The Mighty Handful worked together. Use a side of the square for each activity. 1. 2. The Mighty Handful 4. 3. 50 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Five: Review Questions 9. Complete the graphic below ALL ABOUT Antonín Dvořák. Quote Time Period/Style: Full Name Birth Date: Musical Influences: Death date: Birth Place: Famous Works: Interesting Facts: 10. Which ethnic group’s music did Antonín Dvořák’s relate to closely once in America? ________________________________________________________________________ 11. Do some quick online research and describe the importance of Carnegie Hall. (pictured on page 73) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 51 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Five: Review Questions 12. Complete each sentence about the following famous conductors. Hans von Bülow Gustav Mahler Herbert von Karajan He was _______ due He was also a to his ___________ __________. He was He conducted the ________. a conductor at the ________________ He played the ______. _____________. ____________for ___ _____. Pablo Casals Georg Solti Simon Rattle He set up the ______ He has conducted the He was a brilliant _________________ __________________ _________ before he to show “the unique ____________ and became a conductor. ________ of music as __________________ an _______________ _______________. for ________.” Myung-Whun Marin Alsop Gustavo Dudamel Chung She is the best-known He learned music from U.S. _________ __________________. He also plays the _________ & became He is now ___________ _______. He the first woman to of the ______________ conducted the _____ head a ___________ ___________________. _________________ __________ in ______________. ______________. 13. Using the internet, what does the word “philharmonic” mean? What is the difference between “philharmonic” and “symphony”? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 52 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Five: Review Questions 15. Just an interesting fact: I am Marin Alsop. I was the narrator for Those Amazing Musical Instruments! which was a previous Academic Decathlon Fine Arts Resource! 16. Where were the oldest trumpets used and for what purpose? ________________________________________________________________________ 17. Complete the timeline below showing how the shaping of the trumpet evolved. 1400s 18. What group is credited with developing different styles of trumpet playing, such as the flutter tonguing or rolling of the tongue while playing? ___________________________ 19. How long did American trumpeter, Adolph “Bud” Herseth, play with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra? _____________________________________________________ 20. What is the job of the fingerhook on the trumpet? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 53 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Five: Review Questions 21. What were the earliest horns made from? How many sounds did they produce? ________________________________________________________________________ 22. Explain how a trombone is played by filing in the graphic below by writing what the player’s lips and hands each do. 23. What ancient Jewish instrument is still used in religious ceremonies? _______________ 24. Where is the bell held while playing the sousaphone and why? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 54 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Five: Review Questions 25. Complete the graphic below ALL ABOUT Claude Debussy. Quote Time Period/Style: Full Name Birth Date: Musical Influences: Death date: Birth Place: Famous Works: Interesting Facts: 26. Describe Children’s Corner composed by Clause Debussy by completing the graphic below. Number of pieces: Intended Feeling/tone of Instrument: music: Topic of Songs: 55 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Five: Review Questions 27. Complete the graphic below ALL ABOUT Heitor Villa-Lobos. Quote Time Period/Style: Full Name Birth Date: Musical Influences: Death date: Birth Place: Famous Works: Interesting Facts: 28. Two-part question: How did most critics react to Heitor Villa-Lobos’ A Próle do Bébé when it was first performed in 1922? _________________________________________ Complete the comic below showing what Heitor Villa-Lobos said when his 1922 performance of A Próle do Bébé first debuted. 56 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Five: Review Questions 29. Describe (not define) the feel of an operetta. ________________________________________________________________________ 30. Fill in the chart below concerning each operetta. In the last column, do a quick sketch or symbol to remind you of the plot. Title Composer Year Summary Simple Graphic Orpheus in the Underworld Pirates of Penzance Die Fledermaus Véronique Frau Luna 57 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Five: Review Questions Title Composer Year Summary Simple Graphic Naughty Marietta The Merry Widow 58 ANSWER KEYS 82 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section One: Answer Key Section One: pages 8-21 Vocabulary duet - a piece of music written for two singers or instruments (8) symphony - usually a large-scale piece of instrumental music, most often made up of four contrasting sections (movements), that is written for an entire orchestra (8) composition - a written piece of music especially of considerable size and complexity (8) playlist - a list of songs to be played on the air, at a concert, or on a digital device (9) cultural identity - the important pieces which make up a certain culture, including music, religion, foods, traditions, and rituals (10) natural sounds - sounds which are produced naturally and within nature (12) Indigenous - native people from a certain region (12) anthropologists - those who study the origin, development and behavior of humans (12) shaman - priest and spiritual healer (12) cuneiform - an early writing system using wedge-shaped elements (see graphic to right) (14) lyric - the words of a song (15) octave scale - the interval or gap between eight notes on the musical scale. The notes at the top and bottom of the octave share the same letter name. (15) monochord - a single-stringed instrument (15) tone - also known as timbre, the quality or character of the sound produced by an instrument or voice (15) melody - a succession of notes with a recognizable tune (15) harmony - the sound created when several notes are played together in chords (15) resin - any of various yellowish or brownish substances that are obtained from the gum or sap of some trees (16) 83 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section One: Answer Key pitch - the description of how high or low a particular note is on the musical scale (16) bellows - an instrument (such as an accordion) that by alternating expansion and contraction draws in air through a valve or orifice and expels it through a tube (see example on left) (18) polyrhythms - music made up of several contrasting rhythms (20) griots - a skilled musician and storyteller who travels between villages of western Africa, with their purpose to preserve the history of their tribes in song and stories (20) syncopated - off beat (21) 84 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section One: Answer Key Review Questions 1. Complete the graphic organizer. (12) communicating From the first melodies, entertaining music has become a way celebrating of: working efficiently 2. How was early music preserved? It was NOT written, but passed down through generations orally. (12) 3. Why did composer Simon Thorne team up with anthropologists in his quest to replicate Neanderthals’ “music”? Anthropologists could help Thorne know about the mouth shapes of early humans, as well as what tools and supplies they had access to. (12) 4. Complete the graphic organizer to show how early cultures, like those on the Solomon Islands, used music in their daily lives. (12) Important singing parts of music hand of early gestures cultures: rhythmic dance clapping moveme 85 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section One: Answer Key 5. A musical artifact made from an animal bone was found in Slovenia and is believed to have been constructed in 40,000 BCE. What current day instrument is it related to? Flute (12) 6. What was discovered in the grave of Queen Pu-abi from Ur? Bull-headed lyre (14) 7. What are two examples of early string instruments which the ancient Egyptians developed? lute and harp (14) 8. Where was the oldest written music found, which includes words and instructions on the tuning of the lyre? Ugarit, Syria (15) 9. Explain the origin of the word “music”. The Greek word mousike means “art of the Muses” because in their myths, the nine muses (spirits) gave the gifts of music, dancing, and singing to humans (15) 10. Complete the graphic organizer to tell what instruments the pupils at the Athenian school in Ancient Greece were taught to play. (15) aulos (double-reed pipe) Athenian pupils learned to play: kithara syrinx (large lyre) (panpipes) 86 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section One: Answer Key 11. Complete the chart showing how ancient Greeks worked out music theory and developed a system of music notation. (15) define music as: tones define horizontal line of music as: melody define vertical line harmony of music as: writing music a system of signs down using: for each tone 12. Why do you believe the first keyboard was called a hydraulis? The “hydra” prefix usually means water, and the instrument was powered by water and air. (15) 13. What were the first bagpipes believed to have been created from? goat-skin or sheepskin (15) 14. Why did the Romans create the first brass horns? for use in festivals and the military (15) 87 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section One: Answer Key 15. Complete the graphic organizer to tell how this Native Australian may decorate his yidaki (didgeridoo). (16) 1. paint 2. burn marks 3. carvings 16. The first yidaki was believed to have been created over 2,000 years ago. What evidence was found to support this theory? cave art (16) 17. Yidaki master, Mark Atkins, has worked with which of the following musicians? (17) A. Jimmy Page B. Philip Glass C. Frank Sinatra D. Yo-Yo Ma E. Both (A) and (B) 18. What do most traditional First Nations Australians frown upon when it comes to playing the yidaki? a woman playing it (17) 19. What is another name for wind instruments? aerophones (18) 88 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section One: Answer Key 20. Match the instrument (left) with the blowing method (right). (18) When air is blown and sucked across the holes, the reed harmonica plates inside freely vibrate, causing the air inside to vibrate and make the sound. A single reed of cane in inserted into a metal holder on the accordion mouthpiece. The player’s mouth overlaps the reed to make it vibrate, causing the air inside the tube to make sound. This handheld free reed instrument produces sound clarinet from steel reeds, which vibrate when air is forced through them by a set of bellows 21. Why do the Polynesians believe that breath from the nose is purer than breath from the mouth? the mouth says hurtful things (18) 22. What is an alternate name for the harmonica? mouth organ (18) 89 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section One: Answer Key 23. Describe the contrabassoon in the following chart in comparison with other woodwind instruments. (19) Contrabassoon photo: size in comparison: largest of the woodwinds sound in comparison: lowest pitch of the woodwinds 24. What must one look at and study in order to find out how ancient varieties of African music developed over time? modern-day African music (20) 25. Complete the chart focused on griots. (20) location: duties: West Africa Griots keep record of ancestors, events, and tribal traditions skills: audience: music and different villages storytelling to which they visit 90 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section One: Answer Key 26. Describe the Kenyan Maasai’s way of life. They are traveling nomadic people. The men sing songs of bravery and hunting. The women sing about family life and looking after cattle. (20) 27. What is the most important crop to the Igbo people in Nigeria, and how is it connected to music? When the yam harvest is ready, the people celebrate with parades, dances, and music. (21) 28. Explain what a timbila is and where it originated. a broad-keyed wooden xylophone from Mozambique (21) 29. Complete the sentence: A mbira is a small _____________ ____________. thumb piano (21) 91 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Two: Answer Key Section Two: pages 22-35 Vocabulary fret - any of the thin strips of material, usually metal wire, inserted laterally at specific positions along the neck or fretboard of a stringed instrument (23) resonator - an apparatus for increasing the resonance or vibrations of a musical instrument, especially the hollow part of a stringed instrument (24) minstrels - traveling entertainers (in Europe) who moved from town to town singing songs of distant places and imaginary events (27) conservatory - a school specializing in one of the fine arts (27) ostinato - a Western musical terminology meaning a repeated phrase or rhythm within a tune (28) improvise (improvisation) - making up the music spontaneously, while playing an instrument or singing (32) koto - a Japanese stringed instrument (see graphic on right) (34) 92 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Two: Answer Key Review Questions 1. Explain what each hand does while playing the pipa in the graphic below. (22) LEFT: moves up and RIGHT: down the frets, these five fingers pushing, twisting, alternate between and pulling the plucking the strings strings. forward and backward. 2. Using the graphic below, name the eight different materials used to make the eight different sounds within the world of Chinese music. Write each answer on a side of the octagon. (22) silk The 8 Materials gourd wood Used for Chinese Instruments metal 3. Name three instruments included in the Chinese metal instrument family. gongs, cymbals, bells (22) 93 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Two: Answer Key 4. Write four facts given about Liu Fang. (23) Fact 1: She is a Fact 3: She famous pipa started Liu Fang performing player who travels the world concerts at age 9, and even performing solo played for the concerts. Queen at age 11. Fact 2: She Fact 4: She plays started playing Western Classical at age 6 and music, as well as was quickly traditional Chinese recognized as music, and also a child prodigy. combines both music types. 5. How have the pipa’s strings changed over the years, and how has this changed how musicians play this instrument? Originally strings of the pipa were made of silk, but now they are made of steel with nylon wound around them. This change in material has made musicians switch from using their own fingernails to using plastic fake fingernails. (23) 6. What are the three ways that string instruments make sound? (24) SOUND 2. plucked with fingers 94 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Two: Answer Key 7. Name the five types of chordophones. lutes, zithers, harps, lyres, musical bows (24) 8. Name a few places (countries) in which the zither is played. China, Slovenia, Austria, Hungary, and southern Germany (25) 9. Match the instrument on the left with its country/region of origin on the right. (24-25) Yangpin Brazil Balalaika China Krar Ethiopia Berimbau Russia Sarangi South Asia 95 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Two: Answer Key 10. Write five facts about Ziryab. (25-26. Other possible facts: He set up one of the first colleges of music in Europe. His introduction of the oud to Spain, led to the creation of flamenco dancing. It is believed that his 8 sons and 2 daughters spread his music throughout Europe. He was known for his manners and intelligence. He brought Middle Eastern culture to Europe. He introduced Europeans to new foods and fashion styles. He created a pleasant tasting toothpaste, new deodorant, the art of shaving for men, and perfumes and makeup for women.) Fact 1: His Ziryab Fact 3: He was a nickname name 9th century meant Blackbird. Persian court musician. Fact 2: His real Fact 4: He grew full name is Ali up and learned Ibn Nafi. graphic representation music in Baghdad, a Fact 5: Historians center for music believe he added and culture. a fifth pair of strings, dyed a symbolic color, and began using an eagle’s feather to pluck the string. 11. Describe an oud. pear-shaped, stringed instrument from the Middle East; the Arabian lute (26) 12. There is a quote by Leonardo da Vinci that says, “Poor is the pupil who does not surpass his master.” Why could this quote be applied to Ishaq al-Mawsili and Ziryab. Ziryab was Ishaq al-Mawsili’s student, but he went on to develop newer musical styles. (26) 13. What two rules must musicians follow which show that the gamelan is sacred? Musicians performing the gamelan must take off their shoes, and they must never step over an instrument. (28) 96 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Two: Answer Key 14. What is the term for when all the different instruments “phrases” come together in a song during an Indonesian orchestra? interlocking (28) 15. What does the Ma’oz Tzur describe? the hardships of the Jewish people and the strength their religious belief gives them (30) 16. What do the words “Namu myōhō renge kyō” mean to the Buddists who chant it? It shows their commitment to Lotus Sutra, the most important Buddhist scriptures (31) 17. Complete the graphic below showing the reasons that the Mãori singers from the Cook Islands use waiata and karakia in their daily lives. (31) 1. welcoming 2. entertainment Reasons that the Mãori singers use waiata and karakia: 3. praying 4. communicate their feelings 97 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Two: Answer Key 18. Complete the graphic to explain what are the three main parts that all Indian music have in common, no matter where in India the music is from? Use the Indian word on the left, and definition on the right. (32) raga a single melody line an accompanying drone constant fixed note tala the rhythm 19. Complete the chart below showing the two types of classical Indian music and their stylistic details. (32) Classical Indian Music Hindustani Carnatic Music Music Details: Details: 1. North Indian system 1. South Indian system 2. freer form and style 2. relies on rigid musical 3. solo singer structure improvises 3. vocal music is main focus 98 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Two: Answer Key 20. Add the names of the left and right drums which are part of the Indian tabla. (32) LEFT RIGHT bayan dayan 21. Name three exceptional sitar players and two tabla players. sitar: Ravi Shankar, Annapurna Devi, Anoushka. tabla: Alla Rakha and Zakir Hussain (33) 22. Using the chart below explain the quantity and purpose of each string set on a sitar. (33) 1st Set 2nd Set #: 4 strings #: 2 or 3 strings Purpose: Purpose: supplies provides melody drone STRING SETS ON A SITAR 3rd Set #: 9 or 13 Purpose: vibrate underneath giving a jangling sound 99 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Two: Answer Key 23. Where/how was a koto traditionally played? How did Yatsuhashi Kengyo change how it was played? It was traditionally played with other instruments in the royal court and temples. Yatsuhashi developed many new techniques and composed many solo pieces. (34) 24. Why is the Yatsuhashi dessert named after the musician Yatsuhashi? The dessert is the shape of the koto instrument, which Yatsuhashi made famous. (34) 25. Why would the composition, Rokudan no Shirabe, be a good piece of music to learn if you are playing the koto? It contains all the basic techniques musicians need for playing the koto. (34) 26. Sketch the shamisen instrument and answer the following questions in the graphic. (35) SHAMISEN Sketch: How many Name strings? similar instrument? 3 banjo 100 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Three: Answer Key Section Three: pages 36-51 Vocabulary treble - the highest voice range in harmonic music; soprano (38) bass - a male singing voice or musical instrument with the lowest range, below baritone (38) motet - a type of religious choral music utilizing multiple melodies in harmony (38) Meistersinger - a member of any of various German guilds formed chiefly in the 15th and 16th centuries by workingmen and craftsmen for the cultivation of poetry and music (38) madrigals - nonreligious choral music written for small groups of singers without musical accompaniment (38) word painting - music imitating the meaning of the song’s lyrics (38) monody - one vocal part accompanied by an instrument playing chords underneath (38) basso continuo - the chords played underneath the monody vocal (38) cantata - dramatic vocal composition performed with instrumental accompaniment (39) sonatas - a piece written for a solo instrument with or without a piano accompaniment, or for a solo piano (39) virtuoso - a person highly skilled in music or another artistic pursuit (39) oratorios - a musical work for orchestra (often religious). Although similar to opera, oratorios are not performed with scenery or costumes (39, 42) concertos - a piece of music written for a solo instrumentalist with orchestral accompaniment (41) avant-garde - radical, experimental, ahead-of-its-time music that differs from traditional musical structures (43) rosin - resin, or sap, of conifers, such as pine that has been heated up to liquid to purify and then cooled. Used on an instrument’s bow. (45) patrons - someone who gives financial assistance to musicians or artists or who uses power to influence on their behalf (46) 101 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Three: Answer Key pauper - poor person (48) minuet - an elegant dance in triple time (three beats in each bar) that became popular in Europe in the 17th century (48) freelance - not sponsored by an organization or authority; a person who pursues a profession without a long-term commitment to any one employer (48) damper - a small felted block to stop the vibration of a piano string (48) librettist - a writer of lyrics or text of an opera (49) symphony - usually a large-scale piece of instrumental music, most often made up of four contrasting sections (movements), that is written for an entire orchestra (50) 102 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Three: Answer Key Review Questions 1. During what date range were the “Western Classical Tradition” music styles developed? 1600 through 1900 (36-37) 2. Fill in the blanks in the graphic below to show the three important developments in music of the Baroque Period. (38) Three great birth of opera developments in European Music during the growth of the orchestra BAROQUE PERIOD increase in instrumental music 3. Describe polyphonic music, using the roots of the word. “Poly” means many, while “phonic” means sound. Thus, this word means flowing pieces of interweaving melodic lines sung by different voice parts. (38) 4. What big change did polyphony bring to religious music? Sacred music now moved from plainchant to add music with more vocal lines. (38) 5. Who was Giovanni Gabrieli? a Catholic composer who wrote elaborate masses as musical settings of the services (38) 6. Describes some changes in music that took place during the Renaissance period in Europe. Wealthy families paid for vocal and instrumental entertainment, music could be printed and sold everywhere (38) 7. What two things happened regarding instruments during the Renaissance period in Europe? many were invented, and many were improved (38) 103 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Three: Answer Key 8. Explain the contribution which Monteverdi made to the musical world. He influenced a new musical style, Baroque. His drama music would later be known as opera. (38) 9. Use the graphic to answer the following question: What are three types of music Jean- Baptiste Lully wrote? (39) grand Jean-Baptiste Lully theatrical operas wrote: music ballets 10. What two styles of musicals did English composer Henry Purcell include in his works? Italian and French (39) Listen to “Pachelbel’s Canon in D” online. This song is often used as an 11. Describe canons and fugues. Who developed this entrance song for the bride concept in music? a single melody is repeated at in a wedding. What do you different times by different parts; Johann Pachelbel (39) think of it? 12. Arcangelo Corelli developed new playing techniques demonstrated in his trio sonatas. Why are his sonatas called “trio sonatas”? They call for two solo instruments and a basso continuo; three parts = trio. (39) 104 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Three: Answer Key 13. Complete the graphic answering the two questions about instrumental music advanced during the Baroque period. (39) a piece in three sections What is a for a solo instrument concerto? and accompanying orchestra Who helped developed the Antonio Vivaldi concerto? 14. Complete the sentences with names of countries. George Frideric Handel was born in _______________, but moved to _____________. He wrote operas and oratorios and many other vocal and instrumental pieces while in ________________. Germany, England, England (39) 15. Complete the graphic below ALL ABOUT BACH. (40) Quote Time Period/Style: Baroque ”All one has to do is hit the right keys at the right time and the instrument Full Name plays itself.” Johann Sebastian Bach Birth Date: Musical 1685 Influences: Death date: Girolamo 1750 Frescobaldi Birth Place: & Johann Pachelbel Germany Instruments played: Interesting Facts: came from musical family organ married his cousin, had 7 kids, wife died married again, had 13 kids violin age 65, blind and died after failed eye surgeries and harpsichord stroke 105 2025 IT Fine Arts Study Guide Section Three: Answer Key 16. Describe some interesting facts about Bach’s 20 children. Five were named Johann and two were named Johanna. Four sons became famous musicians and composers. (40) 17. What musical compositions did Bach write? music for orchestras and choirs, concertos, and organ music (41) 18. Listen to Toccata and Fugue in D Minor by Bach. What are your thoughts on it? (open to many acceptable answers: I think it sounds spooky, and reminds me of the Castle- Level in Super Mario Bros.) (41) 19. Why would one connect Bach, a man who lived in the 1700s, with Wendy Carlos, a lady living in the 1900s? Carlos produced Switched on Bach which took Bach’s pieces and played them on synthesizers and created a unique album which was highly popular. (41) 20. Use the Venn diagram to compare and contrast an opera and an oratorio. (42) OPERA ORATORIO tells a started with religious uses scenery story in stories from Bible uses costumes music now focuses on