Reviewer-MIL-Midterms PDF

TERMS and apply new knowledge gained from digital Media It refers to any physical object used to environments. communicate media messages. Language - pertains to the technical and symbolic Communication The...

TERMS and apply new knowledge gained from digital Media It refers to any physical object used to environments. communicate media messages. Language - pertains to the technical and symbolic Communication The act or process of using words, ingredients or codes and conventions that media and sounds, signs, or behaviors to express or exchange information professionals may select and use in an information, ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc., to effort to communicate ideas, information and someone else. knowledge. Communication Model Are diagrams that make you Media Languages - codes, conventions, formats, understand the process at a glance. They are like symbols and narrative structures that indicate the maps that guide you in the understanding how meaning of media messages to an audience. communication works in different settings. Indigenous knowledge - is a native, local, originating Information Knowledge of specific events or or produced naturally in a particular region and situations that has been gathered or received by locality. Unique to a special culture or society, most communication, intelligence or news. often it in not written down. The transmission of Media Literacy The ability to read, analyze, evaluate information is through local channels or forms. It is a and produce communication in a variety of media means by which the culture is preserved, handed forms. down and adapted. This include local knowledge, it is Social Media Forms of electronic communication owned, controlled, and managed by indigenous through which people create online communities to peoples in order for them to develop and produce share information, ideas, personal messages, etc. culturally appropriate information in the languages Information Literacy - Refers to the abilities to understood by the community recognize when information is needed and to locate, evaluate, effectively use, and communicate information in its various formats. Elements of communication: Literacy - The ability to identify, understand, Speaker - the source of information or message. interpret, create, communicate and compute, using Message - any information or anything the printed and written materials associated with varying speaker/sender wants to communicate by using a contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of learning, medium. wherein individuals are able to achieve their goals, Medium - is the form in which the speaker/sender develop their knowledge and potential, and conveys the message participate fully in their community and wider Channel - is the method or means of sending or society. expressing the messages Media and Information Literacy - MIL stands for Encoding- the process of converting the messages media and information literacy, and refers to the into words, actions or other forms that the speaker essential competencies and skills that allow citizens understands. to engage with media and other information providers Listener/ receiver- he recipient or the one who gets effectively and develop critical thinking and life-long the message learning skills to socialize and become active Feedback - is the receiver’s reaction or response citizens. Context- is the situation or environment where Media Literacy - The ability to decode, analyze, communication takes place evaluate and produce communication in a variety of Barrier - the factors that affect the flow of forms. communication. Technology Literacy - The ability to use digital Decoding -the process of interpreting the encoded technology, communication tools or networks to message of the speaker by the receiver locate, evaluate, use and create information. It also refers to the ability to understand and use information in multiple formats from a wide range of sources Media, Information, and Technology Literacy when it is presented via computers and to a person’s Media Literacy is the ability to access, analyze, ability to perform tasks effectively in a digital evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms. It environment. Digital literacy includes the ability to aims to empower citizens by providing them with the read and interpret media, to reproduce data and competencies (knowledge and skills) necessary to images through digital manipulation, and to evaluate engage with traditional media and new technology. Information Literacy is the ability to recognize Moreover, voice, image, sound and data are when information is needed, and to locate, evaluate, digitalized. We are now living in the information age. and effectively communicate information in its Examples: Web browsers: Mosaic (1993), Internet various formats. Explorer (1995) Blogs: Blogspot (1999), Lastly, Technology Literacy refers to the ability of LiveJournal (1999), Wordpress (2003) Social an individual, either working independently or with networks: Friendster (2002), Multiply (2003), others, to responsibly, appropriately, and effectively Facebook (2004) Microblogs: Twitter (2006), use technological tools. Using these tools an Tumblr (2007) Video: YouTube (2005) individual can access, manage, integrate, evaluate, Augmented Reality / Virtual Reality Video chat: create and communicate information. Skype (2003), Google Hangouts (2013) Search Engines: Google (1996), Yahoo (1995) Portable Evolution of Media - the four ages computers- laptops (1980), netbooks (2008), tablets Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s) - People (1993) Smart phones Wearable technology discovered fire, developed paper from plants, and Cloud and Big Data forged weapons and tools with stone, bronze, copper and iron. TYPES OF MEDIA Examples: Cave paintings (35,000 BC) Clay Print Media - media consisting of paper and ink, tablets in Mesopotamia (2400 BC) Papyrus in Egypt reproduced in a printing process that is traditionally (2500 BC) Acta Diurna in Rome (130 BC) Dibao mechanical. in China (2nd Century) Codex in the Mayan region Broadcast Media - media such as radio and television (5th Century) Printing press using wood blocks that reach target audiences using airwaves as the (220 AD) transmission medium. New Media - content organized and distributed on Industrial Age (1700s-1930s) - People used the digital platforms. power of steam, developed machine tools, established iron production, and the manufacturing of various Media Convergence products (including books through the printing press). The co-existence of traditional and new media. Examples: Printing press for mass production (19th (multimedia) century) Newspaper- The London Gazette (1640) The co-existence of print media, broadcast media Typewriter (1800)Telephone (1876) Motion picture (radio and television), the Internet, mobile phones, as photography/projection (1890) Commercial motion well as others, allowing media content to flow across pictures (1913) Motion picture with sound (1926) various platforms. The ability to transform different Telegraph Punch cards kinds of media into digital code, which is then accessible by a range of devices (ex. from the Electronic Age (1930s-1980s) - The invention of the personal computer to the mobile phone), thus creating transistor ushered in the electronic age. People a digital communication environment. harnessed the power of transistors that led to the transistor radio, electronic circuits, and the early Reliability of information - Information is said to be computers. In this age, long distance communication reliable if it can be verified and evaluated. Others became more efficient. refer to the trustworthiness of the source in evaluating Examples: Transistor Radio Television (1941) the reliability of information. Large electronic computers- i.e. EDSAC (1949) and Accuracy of information - Accuracy refers to the UNIVAC 1 (1951) Mainframe computers - i.e. IBM closeness of the report to the actual data. 704 (1960) Personal computers, OHP, LCD Measurement of accuracy varies, depending on the projectors type of information being evaluated. Forecasts are said to be accurate if the report is similar to the actual Information Age (1900s-2000s) - The Internet paved data. Financial information is considered accurate if the way for faster communication and the creation of the values are correct, properly classified, and the social network. People advanced the use of presented microelectronics with the invention of personal Value of information - Information is said to be of computers, mobile devices, and wearable technology. value if it aids the user in making or improving decisions. Authority of the source - Much of the information examines the divide between developing and we gather daily do not come from a primary source developed countries on an international scale. but are passed on through secondary sources such as writers, reporters, and the like. Sources with an MEDIA CODES AND CONVENTIONS established expertise on the subject matter are considered as having sound authority on the subject. Three types of codes. Timeliness - Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary based on the time it was Technical codes include sound, camera angles, types produced or acquired. While a piece of information of shots and lighting. They may include, for example, may have been found accurate, reliable, valuable ominous music to communicate danger in a feature during the time it was produced, it may become film, or high-angle camera shots to create a feeling of irrelevant and inaccurate with the passing of time power in a photograph. CHALLENGES IN USE OF MEDIA Symbolic Codes. Symbolic codes are social in nature. Copyright - a legal device that gives the creator of a What this means is that these codes live outside the literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work the media product themselves, but would be understood sole right to publish and sell that work. Copyright in similar ways in the ‘real life’ of the audience. For owners have the right to control the reproduction of instance, if you saw somebody receive a red rose in a their work, including the right to receive payment for film, you would assume there is a romantic that reproduction. An author may grant or sell those relationship between the two characters. If you gave rights to others, including publishers or recording somebody a red rose in real life, you might be hoping companies. Violation of a copyright is called the same. Symbolic codes in media include setting, infringement. mise en scene, acting and color. Plagiarism - an act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts of another author Mise en scene without authorization; the representation of that Mise en scene is a French term that means author's work as one's own, as by not crediting the ‘everything within the frame’. In media terms it has original author. become to mean the description of all the objects Cyber Bullying - bullying that takes place online, or within a frame of the media product and how they using electronic technology such as cell phones, have been arranged. computers, and tablets over communication tools including social media sites, text messages, chat, and Written Codes. Written codes are the formal written websites. Examples of cyber bullying: text messages language used in a media product. Just like technical or emails composed to insult or demean; rumors or and symbolic codes, written codes can be used to false statements spread by email or posted on social advance a narrative, communicate information about networking sites; and humiliating photos, videos, a character or issues and themes in the media product. websites, or fake profiles deliberately shared across social media. Convention - In the media context, refers to a standard or Computer addiction - the excessive use of computers norm that acts as a rule governing behavior. to the extent that it interferes with daily life. This Conventions are accepted ways of using media codes. excessive use may for example interfere with work or Conventions are closely connected to the audience sleep, result in problems with social interaction, or expectations of a media product. Different types of affect mood, relationships, and thought processes. conventions include form conventions, story Digital divide - an economic inequality between conventions and genre conventions. groups in terms of access to, use of, or knowledge of ICT. The divide within countries (such as the digital Form conventions Form conventions are the certain divide in the United States) can refer to inequalities ways we expect types of media’s codes to be between individuals, households, businesses, and arranged. For instance an audience expects to have a geographic areas at different socioeconomic (and title of the film at the beginning, and then credits at other demographic) levels. The Global digital divide the end. Newspapers will have a masthead, the most designates countries as the units of analysis, and important news on the front page and sports news on the back page. Video games usually start with a tutorial to explain the mechanics of how the game works. Another example would be continuity editing. Most video forms follow a set of editing rules and techniques called continuity editing which allows for the audience to easily understand what is going on in a scene and who is talking to who. Story Conventions Story conventions are common narrative structures and understandings that are common in story telling media products. Examples of story conventions include: Narrative structures Cause and effect Character construction Point of View Genre Conventions Genre conventions point to the common use of tropes, characters, settings or themes in a particular type of medium. Genre conventions are closely linked with audience expectations. Genre conventions can be formal or thematic.]’ Kapag nag review ka, alam mo na yung lalabas sa exams … w ala ng thrill. Wag na magreview (SR 2023)