Reviewer for Philosophy
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This document presents a review of philosophy, detailing its various branches including metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, logic, aesthetics, and axiology. Notable philosophers and their contributions, as well as methods of philosophical inquiry such as the Socratic Method and Dialectic Method are also highlighted.
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REVIEWER FOR PHILOSOPHY 3. Democritus - He is known as the ‘laughing philosopher’ Philosophy 4. Diogenes of Sinope A rational, methodical, and systematic - He is...
REVIEWER FOR PHILOSOPHY 3. Democritus - He is known as the ‘laughing philosopher’ Philosophy 4. Diogenes of Sinope A rational, methodical, and systematic - He is known as the ‘craziest philosopher’ consideration of topics that are of 5. Epicurus greatest importance to men. - Father of Epicureanism It is a field of study, examines wide 6. Socrates range of problems and issues that are - The teacher of Plato. fundamental to understanding the nature - says to be happy, a person has to live a of things, human actions, human virtuous life. reasoning and reality. 7. Plato Basic assumptions that influence one’s - The student of Socrates. belief. - Teacher of Aristotle. Philosophy comes from the two Greek - Says that reality is an invincible. words ‘philos’ (love) ‘sophia’ (wisdom) 8. Aristotle = Love of Wisdom - The student of Plato - Teacher of Alexander the Great - says people philosophize because they are Branch of Philosophy wondering the world. 9. Thales 1. Metaphysics - a drive to know or understand - says everything is water. reality. 2. Ethics – ‘ethos” means custom. This branch Facts about History deals with the study of the rightness or wrongness 1. The second period in history of Greek of human conduct. philosophy is comparatively short but considered 3. Epistemology – ‘episteme’ means as the most flourishing philosophy. “knowledge.” It tackles about fundamental issues 2. The Western Philosophy is said to start at the concerning knowledge. Ionic colonies of Asia Major around 6th century 4. Logic - The word “logic” originates from the BC thru Thales of Miletus. Greek word “logos” which has a variety of translations such as to govern on reason, discourse, or language. METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING 5. Aesthetics – study of beauty. 6. Axiology - It is the study of value of Socratic Method goodness or virtue. - Method of Inquiry that seeks to explore complex ideas, concepts, and beliefs by asking ABUNDANCE questions that challenge assumptions, clarify - comes from Latin term ‘abundare’ meaning, and reveal underlying principles meaning “to overflow nonstop” - Greek term ‘ELENCHUS’ means “to inquire” NOTABLE PHILOSOPHERS Dialectic Method - Method of Discussion that refers to coming up with answers through the medium of the logical 1. Pythagoras and reasonable discourse of arguments, keeping - He was the first to call himself a ‘philosopher’ in mind that no disrespectful arguments are - coined the term to describe the pursuit wisdom made; it is a discussion between different and classified to attend in Greek Olympics. entities about their point of view. 2. Heraclitus - Greek word ‘DIALEKTIKE’ means “the act of - He said that no man ever steps in the same conversation” river twice. There is nothing permanent except change. Scientific Method Note: Read some article or resources about - A method of Process for experimentation that is the impacts of social media in people’s lives in used to explore observations and answer general. questions. Historical Method - A method of Process by which historians gather evidence and formulate ideas about the “Believe you can and you are half way past to come up present truths. there!” - Greek term ‘IOTOPIA’ means “to investigate - Theodore Roosevelt or to find out” SPECULA/SPECULATION - means to participate in the world and use the experience as basis or resource of ideas. CRITICAL THINKING “Good luck and God bless to - means to judge or analyze. REFLECTION every one!” - a process which individuals examine their experience to better understand the assumptions and implications of events and actions in their lives. (WALLACE, 1996) VALUES OF TRUTH Truth- Generally refers to the objective reality of a statement or proposition. Pertains to the actual state of affairs in the world. Theories of Truth 1. CORRESPONDENCE - EXISTENCE - Limited to give future prediction 2. COHERENCE - BELIEF SYSTEM OF OTHERS - Logic 3. PRAGMATIC - USEFUL CONVENIENT - Relativity of truth Belief- Any belief that we express either in a form of utterance, writing or both is about something that we know to be true. Types of Belief 1. QUALITATIVE FORM- quality 2. QUANTITATIVE FORM- length of time
