Reviewer-for-intro-to-computing-module1-2-3.docx

Intro To Computing **Computer** -- Operates under control of instructions stored in own memory. **Collects Data** (input) **\> Produces Info** (Output) **Hardware** - Physical components that contributes to computer system. **Green computing** - Involves reducing the electricity consumed & waste...

Intro To Computing **Computer** -- Operates under control of instructions stored in own memory. **Collects Data** (input) **\> Produces Info** (Output) **Hardware** - Physical components that contributes to computer system. **Green computing** - Involves reducing the electricity consumed & waste generated when using computer. (**Recycling, regulating manufacturing, extending life & donating**) **Network** -- Is a collection of computers and devices connected together. (Often Wirelessly) **Internet** Known as **ARPANET** (1969) -- Is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, gov & individuals. **Software/Program** -- **Tells the computer** what tasks to perform & how. **Programmer** -- Develops software/writes instructions to computer. **Peopleware** -- Role of people in use of computer software & hardware system **Personal computer** -- Can perform all processing & activities by itself. (Desktop & Apple) **Work Station** -- Has more powerful microprocessor. **Mini Computer** -- Capable of supporting hundreds of users simultaneously **MICR (Magnetic ink character recognition)** CRT (CATHODE RAY TUBE) LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) ROM(READ ONLY MEMORY) RAM(RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY) SIMMS(SINGLE INLINE MEMORY MODULES) DOS(DISK OPERATING SYSTEM) GUI(GRAPHIC USER INTERFACES) CPU(CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT) HTML(HYPER TEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE) VOIP(VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL) **Generation of Computers** - 1^st^ Vacuum tube (1946-59) - 2^nd^ Transistor (59-65) - 3^rd^ Integrated Circuit (65-71) - 4^th^ VLSI (71-80) NO AC REQUIRED - 5^th^ ULSI (80-onwards) ultra Large scale integrated **Server** -- Controls access to the hardware/software & provides storage area for programs and information. **Mainframe** -- **Large expensive powerful computer** hundreds & thousands connected users simultaneously. **Supercomputer** -- [**Fastest & most** powerful computer] more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second. **Embedded computer** -- Special purpose computer that functions in a larger product. (**Consumer electronics, home automation devices**, **automobiles**, **Process Controllers robotics** **& Office Machines**) **Game console** -- Mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games. (**Handheld computer, Tablets, E-readers & Smartphones**) **Hotspot** -- Wireless network that provides connections to devices. **Internet service provider (ISP)** - Business that provides access of internet to individuals free for a fee. **Bandwidth** -- Measure of a capability of a network to send/receive data. **IP Address --** Sequence of numbers that identifies location of each devices that is connected to network/internet. **Domain name --** Text based name that corresponds to the IP Address of a server. **DNS** (Domain name System) **--** Translates Domain name into its associated IP Address. **IPv4** (36 bits) & **IPv6** (128 bits hexadecimal) **World Wide Web** (www) **--** Collection of electronic documents called **Webpage**. **Webpage --** Single Document **Website --** Collection of multiple webpages. **Web Server --** Delivers requested webpages to devices. **HTML** (Hypertext Markup Language) -- Set of symbols that developers use to specify headings, paragraphs, images & links. **Browser --** An application that enables users to access/view webpages on a device. **Home page --** Is the first page that a website displays. (Current browsers typically supports tabbed browsing) **Web Address/URL** (Uniform resource locator) -- Unique address of a webpage. **Web app --** Application stored on a web server that you access through a browser. (Usually stores user's data & information on their hosts' servers. - **Multimedia** -- refers to any application that combines text with media ( Graphics, Animation, Audio, Video, Virtual Reality) - **Graphic** -- Visual representation **NON-TEXT INFORMATION** (BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, & TIFF) - **Infographic** -- Representation of information designed to communicate quickly, simplify complex concepts. - **Animation** -- Is the appearance of motion created by displaying series of **still images** in sequence. - **Video** -- Consist of images displayed in motion. - **Windows Media Player** -- Popular media player which you can listen music & watch video. - **Virtual Reality** - Use of computers to simulate real or imagined environment in a 3D space. - **Plug-in/add-on** -- Is a program that extends the capability of a browser - **Email** -- Transmission of messages and files via computer - **Email program** -- Allows you to create, send/receive, store, print, delete msgs. - **Email list** -- Group of email addresses used for mass distributing of a message. - **Internet messaging** -- Services that notifies you when contacts are online and allows you to exchange messages between private room w them. - **Chat** -- Real time conversation that takes place on any device with many online users. - **Chat room** -- Website/application that permits users to chat w others who are online. - **Online discussion** -- Online area which users have written discussions about a topic. **VoIP** (Voice over IP) -- Enables user to speak w others via internet connection. **FTP** (File Transfer Protocol) -- Internet standard that permits file uploading/downloading from other computers. **FTP server** -- allows users to upload/download files using FTP **Netiqutte** -- Code of acceptance/Internet Behavior users should follow. **Components of a computer** - **Input Device** -- allows you to enter data & instructions to computer - **Output Device** -- Hardware component that conveys information to one or more ppl. - **System Unit** -- Electronic components of computer that are used to process data. - **Storage Device** -- Holds data, instructions & information for future use. - **Communication Device** -- Enables computer to send & receive data from one or more +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | Input | Output | System Unit | Storage | Communicati | | | Device | | Device | on | | | | | | Device | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | - Web cam | - Printer | - CPU | - Flash | - Modems | | | | | drive | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | - Mouse & | - Speaker | - RAM | - Hard | | | Keyboar | s | | disk | | | d | | | drive | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | - Microph | - Monitor | - Motherb | - Optical | | | one | | oard | disk | | | | | | drive | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | - Scanner | - | - | - Externa | | | | | | l | | | | | | hard | | | | | | disk | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ Connecting to the internet Plan, Design, Create, Host, maintain.