Disaster Risk Reduction Reviewer PDF

Disaster Vulnerability - refers to a sudden calamitous event that brings great - the susceptibility of an individual or a group of people on damage, loss, destruction and devastation to life and the impact of nat...

Disaster Vulnerability - refers to a sudden calamitous event that brings great - the susceptibility of an individual or a group of people on damage, loss, destruction and devastation to life and the impact of natural hazard. property. - characteristics and circumstances that make a society susceptible to a hazard. Strong hazard + increased exposure + increased - quantifying the vulnerability is important because it can vulnerability = DISASTER help us to estimate how much mitigation and preparedness is applicable in certain area. ✓ By keeping people and property as distant as possible from hazards we can reduce the level of vulnerability Exposure and exposure of people. - degree to which a community is likely to experiment hazard events of different magnitude. Classification of Disasters 1. Natural Disasters Social Vulnerability - inability of people, organizations and It is caused by natural forces, such as earthquakes, societies to withstand adverse impacts to hazards due to typhoon, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires, characteristics inherent in social interactions, institutions and tornados, and extreme temperatures. systems of cultural values. 2. Man-Made Disasters It is caused by man in which major direct causes are Physical Vulnerability - the element exposed to hazard during identifiable intentional or non-intentional human typhoon if the houses are destroyed actions. Disaster risk Hazard - the potential disaster losses in lives, health statuses, - It is defined as the source of danger and something that livelihoods, assets, and services which could occur in may cause injury or harm. It is also the uncertain course of a particular community or a society over some events in a country. specified future time period. - A slippery pathway in a school is a situation that best demonstrate a hazard. Factors which Underlie to Disasters 1. CLIMATE CHANGE NATURAL HAZARD - a naturally occurring physical - can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways – by altering phenomena having atmospheric, geologic or hydrologic origin. the frequency and intensity of hazards events, affecting Type of hazards that arises from natural processes in the vulnerability to hazards, and changing exposure patterns. environment. 2. ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION - changes to the environment can influence the frequency QUASI-NATURAL HAZARD - type of hazard that arises through and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and interaction of natural processes and human activities. vulnerability to these hazards. Examples are SMOG, WATER POLLUTION AND AIR POLLUTION. 3. POVERTY AND INEQUALITY - Impoverished people are more likely to live in hazard TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARD - type of hazards arises directly as exposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing a result of human activities. measures. 4. POORLY PLANNED AND MANAGED URBAN DEVELOPMENT - The growing rate of urbanization and the increase in population density (in cities) can lead to creation of risk, especially when urbanization is rapid, poorly planned and occurring in a context of widespread poverty. 5. WEAK GOVERNANCE - Unwilling to assume their roles and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services and public services. EARTHQUAKE Magma - molten rocks found beneath the Earth. - A vibration on the surface of the Earth as a result of sudden release of energy Sulfur dioxide - is the toxic gas released naturally by volcanic due to the movement of plates activity. ✓ A community that experiences an earthquake with a Silica content - characteristics of magma mainly affects the depth of focus of 100km are the community that will explosiveness of a volcanic eruption be least affected by an earthquake. Earthquake Hazards Viscosity - property of substances to resist flow GROUND SHAKING - This describes the vibration of What’s the difference between mudflow and lava flow? the ground where an earthquake occurs which is ✓ Mudflow is the emission of voluminous quantities of usually recorded in terms of intensity. loose, unconsolidated tephra which become GROUND RUPTURE (cracks on the ground/fault) - deposited on the landscape while lava flow is the primary hazard caused by an earthquake. Ground most damaging to property, as they can destroy rupture happens on areas where the fault zone moves. anything in their path LIQUEFACTION - secondary effect of an earthquake described as collapse of buildings caused by Gustatory is the sense that is not used in detecting earthquake vibrating water-saturated fill or premonitory events before a volcanic eruption. unconsolidated soil. Harmonic tremors is the signs of an impending volcanic What’s the difference between subsidence and eruption refers to the swelling of volcano that signals the liquefaction? accumulation of magma near its surface. ✓ Subsidence is the lowering of the ground surface often occurs during an earthquake while liquefaction is the Chemical content, temperature and turbidity are the phenomena in which the strength and stiffness of the following that should be continuously monitored to in a lake or soil is reduced by earthquake shaking. hot spring around a volcano Earthquake-induced landslides - Landslides refer to a wide range ground movement such as rock fall and debris flow. Earthquake-induced ground subsidence - potential earthquake hazards results the lowering of the ground surface often occurs during an earthquake. FIRE - might happen when ground shaking results to breakage of gas, electrical lines and fuel lines, and overturning of stoves. TSUNAMI - It is the seismic sea wave in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water generally in an ocean or a large lake. In a hazard map color, brown mean could experience very strong shaking. In an earthquake map, moderate intensity is represented by color gray.