Understanding Disasters
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Questions and Answers

Which of these factors contributes to a disaster?

  • Low exposure
  • Strong hazard (correct)
  • Minimal damage
  • Low vulnerability

    • What does 'exposure' refer to in the context of disasters?

  • The likelihood of a hazard occurring in a specific area
  • The degree to which individuals or communities are likely to experience hazard events (correct)
  • The susceptibility of an individual or group to a hazard
  • The overall impact of a disaster on an area

    • Which of the following best describes 'social vulnerability' in the context of disasters?

  • The physical infrastructure of a community, such as buildings and roads
  • The presence of hazardous materials in an area
  • The likelihood of a hazard occurring in a specific area
  • The ability of individuals and communities to withstand the impacts of hazards (correct)

    • What is the main purpose of understanding vulnerability in disaster management?

    <p>To estimate the severity of potential disasters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can we reduce the level of vulnerability and exposure to hazards?

    <p>Keeping people and property as far away from hazards as possible (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a natural disaster and a man-made disaster?

    <p>The source of the disaster (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a natural disaster?

    <p>A forest fire (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'physical vulnerability' in the context of disasters?

    <p>The degree to which physical infrastructure is vulnerable to damage during a disaster (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hazard caused by earthquakes?

    <p>Ground rupture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a mudflow and a lava flow?

    <p>Lava flows are more destructive than mudflows, as they can destroy anything in their path. (A), Mudflows are caused by the emission of voluminous quantities of tephra, while lava flows are caused by molten rock. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that influences the explosiveness of a volcanic eruption?

    <p>The silica content of the magma. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a sign of an impending volcanic eruption?

    <p>Subsidence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between subsidence and liquefaction?

    <p>Subsidence is the sinking of the ground, while liquefaction is the transformation of solid ground into a liquid-like state due to shaking. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between an earthquake that occurs with a 10km focal depth and one that occurs with a 100km focal depth?

    <p>The earthquake with a 100km focal depth will be less damaging to buildings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a premonitory event before a volcanic eruption?

    <p>Gustatory sense (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core concept of weak governance regarding its role in protecting rights and providing services?

    <p>The government is unable or unwilling to fulfill its duties effectively. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a factor that underlies disaster risk?

    <p>Technological Advancement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between hazard and disaster risk?

    <p>Disaster risk is the potential damage caused by a hazard, while Hazard refers to the event itself. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hazard best defines a slippery pathway in a school?

    <p>Technological Hazard (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these examples best describes a natural hazard?

    <p>Earthquake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate change contribute to disaster risk?

    <p>It increases the vulnerability of communities to hazards. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does poverty contribute to heightened disaster risk?

    <p>Poor communities are more likely to live in hazard-prone areas, and lack resources for risk reduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a Quasi-Natural Hazard?

    <p>Smog (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does poorly planned urban development contribute to increased disaster risk?

    <p>It can create areas vulnerable to hazards due to factors like overcrowding. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Disaster

    A sudden calamitous event causing damage, loss, or destruction.

    Vulnerability

    The susceptibility of individuals or groups to hazards and their impacts.

    Exposure

    The degree to which a community may experience hazardous events.

    Natural Disasters

    Events caused by natural forces, like earthquakes or hurricanes.

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    Man-Made Disasters

    Disasters caused by human actions, intentional or unintentional.

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    Social Vulnerability

    Inability to withstand hazards due to social factors and interactions.

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    Physical Vulnerability

    Element exposed to hazards, like buildings during a storm.

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    Mitigation

    Efforts to reduce vulnerability and prepare for disasters.

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    Disaster Risk

    Potential disaster losses in lives, health, and assets for a community.

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    Hazard

    Source of danger that could cause injury or harm.

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    Natural Hazard

    Naturally occurring physical phenomena like storms or earthquakes.

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    Quasi-Natural Hazard

    Hazard resulting from the interaction of natural processes and human activities.

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    Technological Hazard

    Hazard that arises directly from human activities, often through technology.

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    Climate Change (Impact on Disasters)

    Changes in climate increase frequency and intensity of hazard events.

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    Environmental Degradation

    Destruction of the environment affects frequency and intensity of hazards.

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    Urban Development Risks

    Poorly planned urban growth creates additional disaster risks, especially in poverty.

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    Weak Governance

    Failure to fulfill responsibilities in protecting rights and providing basic services.

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    Magma

    Molten rocks found beneath the Earth's surface.

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    Earthquake

    Vibration on the Earth's surface due to sudden energy release.

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    Sulfur Dioxide

    Toxic gas released by volcanic activity due to plate movement.

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    Viscosity

    The property of substances to resist flow.

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    Ground Rupture

    Cracks on the ground caused by fault movement during an earthquake.

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    Liquefaction

    Collapse of buildings due to earthquake-induced saturated soil.

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    Harmonic Tremors

    Signs of an impending volcanic eruption indicating magma accumulation.

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    Study Notes

    Disaster

    • Disaster refers to sudden, calamitous events causing significant damage, loss, and devastation to life and property.
    • Strong hazard + increased exposure + increased vulnerability = disaster
    • Reducing vulnerability and exposure involves keeping people and property away from hazards.

    Disaster Classification

    • Natural Disasters: Caused by natural forces (e.g., earthquakes, typhoons, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires, tornadoes, extreme temperatures).
    • Man-Made Disasters: Caused by human actions, intentional or unintentional (e.g., specific actions, human error).

    Disaster Risk

    • Potential disaster losses in lives, health, livelihoods, assets, and services within a community or society over a specified timeframe.

    Factors Underlying Disasters

    • Climate Change: Increases disaster risk by altering hazard frequency/intensity, affecting vulnerability, and changing exposure patterns.
    • Environmental Degradation: Changes in the environment can influence hazard frequency/intensity and exposure/vulnerability.
    • Poverty and Inequality: Increased vulnerability due to poverty, and reduced risk-reducing investment capacity.
    • Poorly Planned and Managed Urban Development: Rapid, unplanned urbanization, population density, and poverty lead to heightened risk.
    • Weak Governance: Failure to assume responsibilities, providing basic services, and establishing public services.

    Vulnerability

    • Susceptibility of individuals or groups to the impact of natural hazards.
    • Characteristics/circumstances making a society prone to hazards.
    • Quantifying vulnerability helps estimate mitigation/preparedness needs.

    Exposure

    • Degree to which a community is likely to experience hazard events with different magnitudes.

    Social Vulnerability

    • Inability of people, organizations, or societies to withstand hazard impacts due to various inherent characteristics in social interactions, institutions, and cultural values.

    Physical Vulnerability

    • Elements exposed to hazards during a disaster, including the loss of houses during typhoons.

    Hazard

    • Source of danger potentially causing harm or injury.
    • Uncertain course of events, including natural events.
    • Example hazard: A slippery pathway in a school.

    Natural Hazard

    • Naturally occurring physical phenomena with atmospheric, geologic, or hydrologic origins.
    • Hazards arising from natural processes in the environment.

    Quasi-Natural Hazard

    • Hazards arising from interactions between natural processes and human activities (e.g., smog, water pollution, air pollution).

    Technological Hazard

    • Hazards directly resulting from human activities.

    Earthquake

    • Vibration on the Earth's surface due to sudden energy release from plate movement.
    • Hazards: Ground shaking, ground rupture (cracks), liquefaction, landslides.
    • Factors: Depth of focus affects community impact.
    • Types: Mudflow, Lava flow.
    • Detecting Impending Volcanic Activity: Gustatory sense is not involved, other signs to watch for include harmonic tremors, swelling of the volcano.
    • Monitoring Volcanoes: Continuously monitor chemical content, temperature, and turbidity in lakes or hot springs around a volcano.

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    Description

    This quiz delves into the concept of disasters, covering both natural and man-made incidents. Explore the factors that contribute to disaster risk and the impact of climate change and environmental degradation on disaster frequency and vulnerability. Test your knowledge on how to mitigate disaster risks.

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