Exposure and Vulnerability PDF

Exposure and Vulnerability PREPARED BY: VAL EUGENE T. CUSTODIO, LPT. MELC:  Enumerate elements exposed to hazards (DRR11/12-Ic-7).  Explain the meaning of vulnerability (DRR11/12-Ic-8).  Explain why certain sectors of society are more vulnerable to disas...

Exposure and Vulnerability PREPARED BY: VAL EUGENE T. CUSTODIO, LPT. MELC:  Enumerate elements exposed to hazards (DRR11/12-Ic-7).  Explain the meaning of vulnerability (DRR11/12-Ic-8).  Explain why certain sectors of society are more vulnerable to disasters than others (DRR11/12-Ic-9).  Analyze why certain structures are more vulnerable to specific hazards than others (DRR11/12-Ic-10).  Determine the elements that are exposed to a particular hazard (DRR11/12-Id-11).  Recognize vulnerabilities of different elements exposed to specific hazards (DRR11/12-Id-12).  Differentiate among hazards, exposure, and vulnerabilities and give examples from actual situations (DRR11/12-Id-13). OBJECTIVE/S: 1.) Enumerate elements exposed to hazards 2.) Explain the meaning of vulnerability 3.) Explain why certain sectors of society are more vulnerable to disasters than others 4.) Analyze why certain structures are more vulnerable to specific hazards than others 5.) Determine the elements that are exposed to a particular hazard 6.) Recognize vulnerabilities of different elements exposed to specific hazards 7.) Differentiate among hazards, exposure, and vulnerabilities and give examples from actual situations  1. Elements Exposed to Hazards:  Hazardsare potential threats, such as earthquakes, floods, or wildfires. These hazards can affect various elements, including: Physical Elements: Buildings, infrastructure (roads, bridges, power lines), essential facilities (hospitals, schools), and utilities (water, electricity). Societal Elements: People, including vulnerable groups like children, elderly, and people with disabilities. Economic Elements: Businesses, livelihoods, and economic activities. Environmental Elements: Ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources (land, water, 2. Vulnerability: Vulnerability refers to the susceptibility of individuals, communities, or assets to the impacts of hazards. It's about how prone something is to being harmed. Factors that contribute to vulnerability include:  PhysicalFactors: Location, building design, and construction quality.  SocialFactors: Poverty, inequality, lack of access to education and healthcare, and social exclusion.  Economic Factors: Lack of financial resources, dependence on vulnerable livelihoods, and limited access to insurance.  Environmental Factors: Degradation of natural resources, climate change, and deforestation.  3. Why Certain Sectors are More Vulnerable: Some sectors of society are more vulnerable to disasters than others due to a combination of factors:  Poverty: People living in poverty often lack access to resources and information, making them more susceptible to disaster impacts.  Marginalization:Groups like women, children, elderly, and people with disabilities often face discrimination and lack of access to resources, increasing their vulnerability.  Location:Communities living in areas prone to hazards, like coastal zones or earthquake-prone regions, are inherently more vulnerable.  Lackof Infrastructure: Poor infrastructure, such as inadequate housing, transportation, and communication systems, can exacerbate disaster impacts.  4. Analyzing Structural Vulnerability: Different structures have varying levels of vulnerability to specific hazards:  BuildingMaterials: Structures built with weak materials are more susceptible to damage from earthquakes or strong winds.  Design and Construction: Poor design and construction practices can lead to structural failure during disasters.  Age of Structure: Older buildings may not meet current safety standards and are more vulnerable to collapse.  Location: Structures located in floodplains or on unstable slopes are more prone to damage from floods or landslides.  5. Elements Exposed to Specific Hazards:  Identifying the elements exposed to a particular hazard is crucial for effective disaster preparedness:  Earthquake: Buildings, infrastructure, and people living in earthquake-prone areas are at risk.  Flood:Buildings, infrastructure, and people living in low-lying areas or near rivers are vulnerable.  Wildfire: Forests, vegetation, and people living in areas with dry vegetation are at risk.  6. Recognizing Vulnerabilities: Understanding the vulnerabilities of different elements exposed to specific hazards is essential for effective disaster risk reduction:  Earthquake: Buildings made of weak materials are more likely to collapse.  Flood:People living in low-lying areas without access to evacuation routes are highly vulnerable.  Wildfire: Communities lacking access to water sources for firefighting are more vulnerable.  7. Hazards, Exposure, and Vulnerability: These three concepts are interconnected and crucial for understanding disaster risk:  Hazard: The potential threat itself (e.g., earthquake, flood).  Exposure: The presence of people, assets, or infrastructure in a place that could be affected by a hazard.  Vulnerability:The susceptibility of those elements to the impacts of the hazard. Example: Imagine a coastal community with many poorly constructed buildings, limited access to evacuation routes, and a high population density. This community is exposed to the hazard of a tsunami. The vulnerability of the community is high due to the weak buildings, lack of evacuation routes, and large population density. The combination of exposure and vulnerability makes this community highly at risk from a tsunami. THANK YOU