Respiratory System F PDF

Medical Terminology Code (3401) Respiratory System Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student will be able to: Identify the parts of the respiratory system. Pronounce, spell, and build words related to the respiratory system. Describe some pathological conditions Comp...

Medical Terminology Code (3401) Respiratory System Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student will be able to: Identify the parts of the respiratory system. Pronounce, spell, and build words related to the respiratory system. Describe some pathological conditions Components of Respiratory System 1- Air passages: - Upper Airway - Lower Airway 2- Thoracic cage: - Ribs - Muscles : diaphragm, intercostal muscles - Pleura 3- Respiratory center: initiate and regulate respiration Air passages Divisions Upper Airway Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx Lower Airway Trachea, bronchi, lungs. (The right lung consists of three lobes, the left lung consists of only two lobes). Pharynx Used by the respiratory system and the digestive system. At end of pharynx : -Air enters trachea -Food and liquids enter esophagus Pharynx subdivisions: -Nasopharynx -Oropharynx -Laryngopharynx Functions of Respiratory System -Gas exchange: In the lungs, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in alveoli (surrounded by capillaries) at the end of the bronchial tubes. -Ventilation or breathing - Regulation of body pH -Speech: movement of gas through pharynx, larynx and mouth facilitates speech. -Olfaction : facilitates sense of smell -Protection: airway epithelial cells secrete a variety of molecules that aid in the defense of lungs as immunoglobulins (IgA), surfactant.  Term Related to The Respiratory System Root Meaning Word Analysis Nas/o Nose Nas/al :pertaining to the nose Rhin/o Rhin/o/plasty :surgical repair of the nose Sept/o Septum Sept/o/plasty :surgical repair of the septum Septoplasty is commonly performed to correct a deviated septum. Sinus/o Sinus, Sinus/o/tomy Tomy: incision cavity Sinusotomy is performed to improve ventilation or drainage in unresponsive sinusitis. Adenoid/o Adenoids Adenoid/ectomy :excision of adenoids -Ectomy: surgical removal Root Meaning Word Analysis Pharyng/o Pharynx Pharyng/o/scope :instrument for (throat) examining the pharynx -Scope: instrument for examining Laryng/o Larynx Laryng/o/plegia :paralysis of the (vocal (voice Box) cords and) larynx Trache/o Trachea Trache/o/plasty :surgical repair of the (Windpipe) trachea, It is performed to correct a narrow or stenotic trachea. Trache/o/ stomy. -stomy: incision Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted Root Meanings Word Analysis Bronchi/o Bronchus or Bronch/o/scope :instrument for Bronch/o bronchi examining the bronchus or bronchi Alveol/o Alveolus; air Alveol/ar :pertaining to the alveoli sac Pleur/o Pleura Pleur/o/centesis :surgical puncture of the pleural cavity Pneum/o Air; lung Pneum/ectomy: surgical removal of Pneumon/o (all or part of ) a lung pneumon/ia :condition of inflammation of the lungs. Pulmon/o Lung Pulmon/o/logist :specialist in the study and treatment of lung diseases Suffixes Meaning Word Analysis -capnia carbon Hyper/capnia :excessive CO2 dioxide Hyper-: excessive, above normal (CO2) -osmia smell An/osmia :without smell -phonia voice Dys/phonia :bad (impaired) voice quality Dys-: bad; painful; difficult Dysphonia includes hoarseness -pnea breathing A/pnea :no breathing Apnea is a temporary loss of breathing -thorax chest Py/o/thorax: pus in the chest (cavity); py/o: pus Pyothorax is usually caused by a penetrating chest wound  Symptomatic Related Terms Prefixes Meaning Word Analysis Brady Slow Brady/pnea :slow breathing -pnea: breathing Dys Bad; painful; Dys/pnea :difficult breathing Difficult Dyspnea includes any discomfort Eu Good, normal Eu/pnea :normal breathing Tachy Rapid Tachy/pnea :rapid breathing Respiratory Rate: ❑ The normal rate of respiration varies with age, exercise and other factors. ➔ Children breathe more than 20 times / min. ➔ Adults breathe 16 to 20 times / min. ➔ Elderly often breathe less than 16 times / min. 15 Common terms related to respiratory system : Respiratory cycle equals one inspiration plus one expiration Eupnea ➔ Normal respiration. Dyspnea ➔ Painful or difficult respiration. Tachypnea ➔ Abnormal respiratory rate, more than 24 times /min. Bradypnea ➔ Abnormal respiratory rate, less than 10 times /min. Sleep apnea ➔ a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or periods of shallow breathing during sleep.  Pathological Related Terms Term Analysis Meaning Hypoxemia Hyp-: under, below, Deficiency of oxygen in the deficient blood ox: oxygen. -em: blood Hypoxemia is usually a sign of ia: condition respiratory impairment. Hypoxia Hyp-: under, below, Deficiency of oxygen in the deficient tissues -ox: oxygen Hypoxia is usually a sign of Ia: condition respiratory impairment Pleurisy Pleur: pleura Inflammation of the pleural -isy: condition membrane, also called pleuritis Thank You