Respiratory System PDF

Respiratory System  Structure of the respiratory system Lungs. Respiratory tract (passageways through which air moves in and out of the lungs). Muscles (diaphragm and the intercostal muscles) that move air into and out of the lungs.  Functions of the respiratory system: It is...

Respiratory System  Structure of the respiratory system Lungs. Respiratory tract (passageways through which air moves in and out of the lungs). Muscles (diaphragm and the intercostal muscles) that move air into and out of the lungs.  Functions of the respiratory system: It is the body’s breathing, or respiration system. It involves the exchange of oxygen and waste gases between the atmosphere and the body and its cells via: External respiration when air from the atmosphere is inhaled and, later, carbon dioxide is exhaled. Internal respiration, the bringing of oxygen to the cells and removing carbon dioxide from them, happens in the circulation of the blood throughout the body.  Roots for respiratory system Nas/o nasal pertaining to the nose nose plastic surgery of the nose Rhin/o rhinoplasty to correct a birth defect or for cosmetic purposes plastic surgery to correct Sept/o septum septoplasty a deviated septum  Roots for respiratory system incision of any of the sinuses to Sinus, Sinus/o sinusotomy improve ventilation or drainage cavity in unresponsive sinusitis Adenoid/o adenoids adenoidectomy excision of the adenoids  Roots for respiratory system pertaining to the area Tonsill/o tonsils peritonsillar surrounding the tonsils pharynx instrument used to examine Pharyng/o pharyngoscope (throat) the pharynx inflammation of the Epiglott/o epiglottis epiglottitis epiglottis that can lead to severe airway obstruction larynx Laryng/o laryngoplegia paralysis of the larynx (voice box)  Roots for respiratory system An opening created through the neck into the trachea into Trache/o trachea tracheostomy which a breathing tube may be inserted abnormal dilation of one or Bronchi/o bronchiectasis more bronchi bronchus flexible tube that is passed into Bronch/o bronchoscope the lungs through the nose or mouth inflammation of the Bronchiol/o bronchiole bronchiolitis bronchioles  Roots for respiratory system Alveol/o alveolus alveolar pertaining to the alveoli excision of all or part of a Pneum/o pneumectomy lung inflammation of the lungs air; lung usually due to bacteria, Pneumon/o pneumonia viruses, or other pathogenic organisms physician specializing the Pulmon/o lung pulmonologist treatment of lung and respiratory diseases  Roots for respiratory system injection and removal Pleur/o pleura pleuroclysis of fluid into the pleural cavity to wash it out surgical removal of a Lob/o lobe lobectomy lobe of an organ or gland  Roots for respiratory system Pector/o pectoralgia pain in the chest instrument used to Steth/o chest stethoscope evaluate the sounds of the chest and abdomen pain in the chest wall; Thorac/o thoracalgia also called thoracodynia Roots for respiratory system diaphrag abnormal downward displacement Phren/o phrenoptosis m; mind of the diaphragm instrument that measures how much air the lungs can hold (vital Spir/o breathe spirometer capacity) as well as how much and how quickly air can be exhaled abnormal decrease of oxygen in Ox/o, i oxygen hypoxemia arterial blood resulting in hypoxia  Roots for respiratory system any disease of the lungs caused by chronic pneumoconio Coni/o dust inhalation of dust, usually sis mineral dust of occupational or environmental origin chronic lung disease characterized by the deposit of coal, coal Anthrac/o anthracosis coal dust in the lungs and the dust formation of black nodules on the bronchioles Suffixes for respiratory system carbon -capnia hypercapnia excess of carbon dioxide in the blood dioxide loss or impairment of the sense of -osmia smell anosmia smell -phonia voice dysphonia altered or impaired voice quality  Suffixes for respiratory system -pnea breathing apnea temporary loss of breathing coughing up of blood or -ptysis spitting hemoptysis bloody sputum from the lungs or airway accumulation of pus in the -thorax chest pyothorax chest cavity; also called empyema Other terms excessive acidity of blood due to Acidosis an accumulation of acids or an excessive loss of bicarbonate Condition caused by insufficient Asphyxia intake of oxygen hemorrhage from the nose; also Epistaxis called nosebleed Other terms deficiency of oxygen in the blood, usually a Hypoxemia sign of respiratory impairment deficiency of oxygen in body tissues, usually a Hypoxia sign of respiratory impairment Anoxia total absence of oxygen in body tissues Other terms abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, caused by exudates, spasms, Rale hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli whistling sounds on auscultation that are Wheeze caused by narrowing of an airway  Other terms noninvasive method of monitoring Oximetry the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen measurement of ventilatory ability by assessing lung capacity and flow, Spirometry including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air Abbreviations ABGs arterial blood gases CO2 carbon dioxide COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation TB tuberculosis TPR temperature, pulse, and respiration  ACTIVITIES Q1. Define the following medical terms: Pneumoconiosis: any disease of the lungs caused by chronic inhalation of dust Hypoxia: deficiency of oxygen in body tissues, usually a sign of respiratory impairment Dysphonia: altered or impaired voice quality  ACTIVITIES Spirometer: instrument that measures how much air the lungs can hold (vital capacity) as well as how much and how quickly air can be exhaled Pleuroclysis: injection and removal of fluid into the pleural cavity to wash it out Bronchiectasis : abnormal dilation of or more bronchi  ACTIVITIES Peritonsillar: pertaining to the area surrounding the tonsils Epiglottitis: inflammation of the epiglottis that can lead to severe airway obstruction Anthracosis: chronic lung disease characterized by the deposit of coal dust in the lungs and the formation of black nodules on the bronchioles Phrenoptosis: abnormal downward displacement of the diaphragm  ACTIVITIES Q2. Give the medical term corresponding to the following definitions: Excessive acidity of blood due to an accumulation of acids or an excessive loss of bicarbonate: ………………………… Noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen: ………………………… Coughing up of blood or bloody sputum from the lungs or airway: ………………………… Abnormal dilation of or more bronchi: ………………………… Paralysis of the vocal cords and larynx: ……………………