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Questions and Answers
What does the suffix '-ectomy' refer to in medical terminology?
What does the suffix '-ectomy' refer to in medical terminology?
What is the meaning of the root 'Pharyng/o'?
What is the meaning of the root 'Pharyng/o'?
What does 'Trache/o/stomy' involve?
What does 'Trache/o/stomy' involve?
What distinguishes the right lung from the left lung?
What distinguishes the right lung from the left lung?
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Which component is not part of the upper airway?
Which component is not part of the upper airway?
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The term 'Pneumon/ia' refers to which condition?
The term 'Pneumon/ia' refers to which condition?
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What does the root 'Alveol/o' refer to?
What does the root 'Alveol/o' refer to?
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What is the primary function of the respiratory system associated with gas exchange?
What is the primary function of the respiratory system associated with gas exchange?
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Which of the following is a subdivision of the pharynx?
Which of the following is a subdivision of the pharynx?
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Which statement accurately describes a function of airway epithelial cells?
Which statement accurately describes a function of airway epithelial cells?
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What does the term 'Hypermia' refer to in relation to carbon dioxide?
What does the term 'Hypermia' refer to in relation to carbon dioxide?
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Which term indicates a condition of having normal breathing?
Which term indicates a condition of having normal breathing?
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What typically characterizes 'Apnea'?
What typically characterizes 'Apnea'?
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What condition does 'Hypoxemia' signify?
What condition does 'Hypoxemia' signify?
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Which term describes rapid breathing exceeding 24 breaths per minute?
Which term describes rapid breathing exceeding 24 breaths per minute?
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What does 'Dysphonia' refer to?
What does 'Dysphonia' refer to?
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Which prefix indicates the condition of being slow?
Which prefix indicates the condition of being slow?
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What does 'Tachypnea' typically indicate?
What does 'Tachypnea' typically indicate?
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Study Notes
Respiratory System Overview
- The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange, allowing oxygen intake and carbon dioxide release.
- Objectives for this chapter include identifying respiratory system parts, pronouncing/spelling/building respiratory system related words, and describing pathological conditions.
- Components of the respiratory system include air passages (upper and lower airways), thoracic cage (ribs, diaphragm, intercostal muscles, pleura) and the respiratory center.
- Upper Airways include the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx.
- Lower Airways include the trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Lungs have lobes, right lung has three and left lung has two.
- The pharynx is used by the respiratory and digestive systems. Air enters the trachea, food/liquids enter the esophagus. Pharynx subdivisions include nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Functions of the Respiratory System
- Gas exchange in the alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lungs) surrounded by capillaries.
- Ventilation (breathing): movement of air into and out of the lungs
- Regulation of blood pH.
- Speech: movement of air through pharynx, larynx and mouth. Speaking requires the respiratory system to produce airflow.
- Olfaction (smell) sensation is facilitated by the respiratory system
- Protection: airway epithelial cells produce molecules for lung defense, including IgA and surfactant (to keep the lungs lubricated.)
Terms Related to the Respiratory System
- Nas/o - pertaining to the nose, (nasal cavity)
- Rhin/o - surgical repair of the nose (rhinoplasty)
- Sept/o - septum; septoplasty is surgical repair of the septum to correct a deviated septum
- Sinus/o - sinus; sinusotomy is an incision to improve ventilation or drainage.
- Adenoid/o - adenoids; adenoidectomy is the excision/removal of adenoids.
- Pharyng/o - pharynx; pharyngoscope is an instrument to examine the pharynx.
- Laryng/o - larynx; laryngoplegia is paralysis of the vocal cords and larynx.
- Trache/o - trachea; tracheoplasty is surgical repair of the trachea to fix narrow or stenotic tracheas. Tracheostomy is an incision to create an opening to insert a breathing tube.
- Bronchi/o/Bronch/o - bronchus(i) bronchoscope is to examine the bronchi
- Alveol/o - alveolus; alveolar refers to the alveoli,
- Pleur/o - pleura; pleur/o/centesis is an incision into the pleura
- Pneum/o/Pneumon/o- lung or air;
- Pulmon/o -lung; pulmonologist studies and treats lung diseases
- -capnia - carbon dioxide
- -osmia - smell
- -phonia - voice
- -pnea - breathing
- -thorax - chest
Symptomatic Respiratory Terms
- Brady- - slow (e.g., bradypnea: slow breathing),
- Dys- - bad, painful, difficult (e.g. dyspnea: difficult breathing).;
- Eu- - good, normal (e.g., eupnea: normal breathing).
- Tachy- - rapid (e.g., tachypnea: rapid breathing).
Pathological Related Terms
- Hypoxemia - deficiency of oxygen in the blood;
- Hypoxia- deficiency of oxygen in the tissues;
- Pleurisy - inflammation of the pleural membrane
Respiratory Rate
- Normal respiration rate varies with age and other factors.
- Children breathe more than 20 times per minute.
- Adults breathe 16 to 20 times per minute.
- Elderly individuals often breathe less than 16 times per minute.
Common Respiratory Terms
- Respiratory cycle: one inspiration plus one expiration
- Eupnea: normal respiration
- Dyspnea: painful or difficult respiration
- Tachypnea: abnormal respiratory rate > 24 breaths/minute
- Bradypnea: abnormal respiratory rate < 10 breaths/minute
- Sleep apnea: sleep disorder with pauses or shallow breathing during sleep
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Description
Explore the intricate functions and components of the respiratory system in this quiz. Identify key parts, understand their roles in gas exchange, and delve into common pathological conditions. Perfect for students seeking to enhance their knowledge of human anatomy.
