Medical Terminology (PL111) PDF

(PL111) Medical Terms of respiratory system Dr/ Reham Hassan Mohyeldin Assistant professor of pharmacology and toxicology Objectives Understand, define and correctly pronounce medical terms related to the respiratory system Describe the respiratory system, naming the main organ...

(PL111) Medical Terms of respiratory system Dr/ Reham Hassan Mohyeldin Assistant professor of pharmacology and toxicology Objectives Understand, define and correctly pronounce medical terms related to the respiratory system Describe the respiratory system, naming the main organs and stating their functions Comprehend important clinical procedures related to the respiratory system and recognize relevant abbreviations  Terms related to the nose Nasal: pertaining to the nose. eg; Nasal cavity, Nasal secretions, Nasal sinuses, Nasal hair. Nasopharyngitis: Inflammation of the nose and pharynx. Rhinitis: Inflammation of the nose causing (nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and itching) Rhinoplasty: surgical repair of the nose. Epistaxis: bleeding from the nose.  Terms related to the trachea Tracheostomy: Formation of a hole in the trachea to introduce a plastic tube for air inhalation to bypass the laryngeal obstruction. Tracheitis: inflammation of the trachea Endotracheal intubation: within the trachea e.g. endotracheal tube.  Terms related to the bronchi Bronchial; pertaining to the bronchus or the bronchi i.e bronchial secretions, bronchial irritation, bronchial obstruction, bronchial edema, bronchial asthma. Bronchogenic carcinoma; Tumor of the bronchi. Bronchospasm: contraction of the smooth muscles of the bronchial wall leading to narrowing of the bronchial and bronchioles lumen leading to wheezing due to passage of the expired air from narrow tubes. Bronchodilatation; relaxation of the smooth muscles of the bronchial wall leading to its dilatation and widening of the lumen. Bronchopneumonia: inflammation of both the bronchi and the lung.  Terms related to the lung Pulmonology: the science that deals with pulmonary diseases and their diagnosis and treatment. Pulmonologist; lung specialist. Pulmonary angiography; x-rays on the lung after injection of a radiopaque dye to view patency of the pulmonary blood vessels. Pneumonia: infection and inflammation of the lung. Pneumonitis; inflammation of the pulmonary alveoli e.g. aspiration pneumonitis. Pulmonary collapse and fibrosis; due to obstruction of the bronchioles, and the alveoli collapsed and then fibrosis.  Terms related o the pleura Pleural; pertaining to the pleura. Pleural cavity: a sac between the two layers of the pleura. Pleural effusion; accumulation of fluids in the pleural cavity. Hemothorax; accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity. Empyema: accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity. Pleuritis; inflammation of the pleural membrane.  Terms related to the process of respiration Ventilator: a machine that provides artificial ventilation for a patient unable to breath normally. Artificial respiration: artificial ventilation either by using the ventilator machine or by the mouth-to-mouth method or by the chest compression method. Inhalation: flow of air, oxygen, or drugs e.g. inhalational general anesthetics into the lungs with the inspired air. Exhalation: flow of air out of the lungs. It occurs during expiration , carrying carbon dioxide and the excreted drugs or volatile substances. Gas exchange: oxygen enters blood and carbon dioxide leaves.  Terms related to the process of respiration Olfaction: the process of smelling of odorous Dry cough: coughing without producing sputum due to pharyngitis, tracheitis and bronchitis or respiratory tract irritation. Productive cough: coughing associated with sputum production. Oximeter: instrument to measure the amount of inhaled oxygen. Hypoxia: is a state in which oxygen is not available in sufficient amounts at the tissue level.  Hypercapnia: Increased CO2 in the blood. Hypoxemia: Insufficient oxygen in the blood. Aphonia :no voice due to a problem in the vocal cords or the recurrent laryngeal nerve. End of the lecture