Anatomy of Breathing 1 PDF

Anatomy of Breathing 1 The lungs Niggy Gouldsborough  Lungs Located in thorax, separated by mediastinum and heart Extend from neck to diaphragm The diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal cavities  The Lungs Conical shaped with a...

Anatomy of Breathing 1 The lungs Niggy Gouldsborough  Lungs Located in thorax, separated by mediastinum and heart Extend from neck to diaphragm The diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal cavities  The Lungs Conical shaped with a soft, spongy texture apex costal surface The apex of the lung lies above the clavicle (in the neck) Diaphragmatic surface (base) - sits on the diaphragm Costal surface - lies adjacent to the ribs mediastinal surface diaphragmatic surface Mediastinal surface - faces the mediastinum  Right Lung Wider and shorter than the left lung superior Three lobes oblique fissure – Superior – Middle – Inferior horizontal fissure Two fissures – Oblique – Horizontal middle inferior (Gosling et al, 2018)  Left lung Narrower and longer than the right lung superior Two lobes oblique – Superior fissure – Inferior One fissure – Oblique inferior (Gosling et al, 2018)  Hilum of the Lung Located on the mediastinal surface The area where the pulmonary vessels, bronchi, bronchial vessels, lymphatics and nerves enter/leave the lung right lung (Gosling et al, 2018) left lung  Physical Properties of the Lungs Compliance (distensibility) The ability of the lungs to expand. Affected by – Connective tissue structure of the lungs – Level of surfactant – Mobility of the thoracic cage Elasticity Elastic tissue allows lung expansion during inspiration and recoil during expiration  The Pleura Double layered serous membrane Visceral pleura adheres to the lung Parietal pleura attaches to the thoracic wall and diaphragm The pleural cavity is a potential space between the parietal and visceral layers that contains a thin layer of serous fluid (Gosling et al, 2018) Pleural Membranes and Cavities parietal pleural root of lung pleural cavity visceral pleura (note the space is exaggerate d)  Inferior View of Thorax Right left visceral pleura parietal pleura pleural cavity (Gosling et al, 2018) (exaggerated) plmonary trunk  Functions of the Reduces friction during pleura breathing Creates a pressure gradient which assists in ventilation Compartmentalises each lung therefore reduces spread of infection