Related Issue 2 Study Guide: Terms (PDF)

SS 10-1- Related Issue 2 Study Guide-Terms/Concepts Results of Cultural Contact: Trade, Acculturation, Hybridization, Displacement, Depopulation, Cultural Genocide (Assimilation), Genocide Hero or Villain: Conquistador, Aztec Empire, Smallpox, Tenochtitlan, Spanish Empire, Quebec City, Fur Trade,...

SS 10-1- Related Issue 2 Study Guide-Terms/Concepts Results of Cultural Contact: Trade, Acculturation, Hybridization, Displacement, Depopulation, Cultural Genocide (Assimilation), Genocide Hero or Villain: Conquistador, Aztec Empire, Smallpox, Tenochtitlan, Spanish Empire, Quebec City, Fur Trade, Iroquois, Algonquin, Huron, Roman Catholic Church, Jesuit, David Livingstone, Porters, “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”, Congo River, Congo Free State, Buffalo Bill (Frederick Cody), Wild West Show, Sitting Bull SB2A: Foundations of Historical Globalization (Imperialism, Capitalism, Eurocentrism, Capitalism), History vs. the Past, historical empathy, worldview, cultural superiority, cross-cultural sensitivity, cultural relativism, stereotyping, ethnocentrism, presentism, Columbus. SB2B: (Gold, Glory, God), (Curiosity, Commerce, Christianity), phases of early contact, White Man's Burden, European perceptions, inference, evidence, explicit vs. implicit message SB2C: Coat of Arms, legacy, the Hudson Bay Company, mercantilism, buffalo, First Nation vs. European worldview SB2D: oral vs. written history, the Atlantic Slave Trade, chattel slavery, Columbian Exchange, Triangular Exchange, Scramble for Africa, King Leopold II SB2E: monopoly, protectionism, Industrial Revolution, Silk Road, capitalism, extraction economy, East India Company, Raj, Gandhi, Salt March, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma, Punjab, Kashmir SB2F+G: Beothuk, Shanawdithit, depopulation, displacement, genocide, Indian, Act, Numbered Treaties, Residential School, John A. MacDonald, Duncan Campbell Scott, land claims (Comprehensive vs. Specific), Statement of Reconciliation, Truth and Reconciliation, Rwandan Genocide, Hutu, Tutsi, Interahamwe, United Nations, Roméo Dallaire, Gacaca Courts, apartheid, South Africa, Afrikaans Chapter 5 – The Foundations of Globalization Historical Globalization: Refers to the long-term and ongoing process of interconnectedness and integration of different societies and cultures, particularly since the 15th century. It involves the exchange of ideas, goods, technologies, migration, and the spread of cultural, economic, and political systems across regions and continents. Colony: A territory or country that is under the political and economic control of another country or empire, often established through settlement or conquest. The ruling country or empire exploits the resources and labor of the colony for its own benefit. Sphere of Influence: A region where a country holds significant economic, political, or military influence over another country or region, typically without direct territorial control. Protectorate: A state or territory that is under the protection of a more powerful country but retains some degree of political autonomy. It may enter into agreements for military or economic protection in exchange for political control. Imperialism: The policy of extending a nation's power and influence over other countries or territories through colonization, military force, or economic domination. Paternalistic: A belief or practice of treating colonized people as if they were children or dependents in need of guidance and control from imperial powers. This typically justifies Western imposition of values and governance. Mercantilism: An economic theory that advocates for a nation's economic success through exporting more than importing, with a focus on accumulating wealth, often through colonies and trade monopolies. The Silk Road: A network of trade routes connecting Asia, Europe, and Africa from the 2nd century BCE to the 18th century CE, facilitating the exchange of goods, technologies, and ideas. Indentured Servant: A person who signed a contract to work for a specific period in exchange for passage to the New World, food, and shelter. This was common in British colonies, particularly in North America and the Caribbean. Industrial Revolution: A period of economic and social change in the 18th and 19th centuries when manual labor gave way to machine-based manufacturing, dramatically changing societies, economies, and labor systems. Industrialization: The transition from an agricultural-based economy to one based on manufacturing, using modern technologies to increase productivity and foster economic growth, frequently leading to negative consequences such as environmental degradation and social inequality. Capitalism: An economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, profit-driven production, and market competition. Child Labor: The employment of children in work that is physically or mentally harmful, or that interferes with their education and development, often a result of the industrialization process. Slave Labor: The forced labor of individuals who are owned by others and work without pay, common during the period of European colonization, particularly in the Americas. Middle Class: A social class that falls between the upper and working classes, characterized by a certain level of wealth, education, and cultural capital, which emerged during and after the Industrial Revolution. Tariff: A tax imposed on imported goods to protect domestic industries by making foreign goods more expensive. Chapter 6 – Legacies of Historical Globalization Empire: A group of states or territories ruled by a single monarch or government, typically with the goal of extending influence or control over others. Scramble for Africa: The period in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when European powers rushed to colonize Africa, leading to conflicts and exploitation. Oral History: The practice of preserving historical information through spoken accounts and traditions, rather than written records. Cultural Contact: Occurs when two or more cultures come into contact, leading to interactions, exchanges, and sometimes conflict. Depopulation: A significant decrease in population, often caused by factors such as disease, war, or colonization, particularly in Indigenous populations during European expansion. Displacement: The forced relocation of people from their homes or communities due to conflict, natural disasters, or development projects. Gross Domestic Product (GDP): A measure of the total value of goods and services produced within a country during a specific time period. International Trade: The exchange of goods and services across national borders, conducted through various means such as imports, exports, and trade agreements. Ethnocentrism: The belief in the superiority of one's own cultural or ethnic group, often leading to prejudice or discrimination against others. Eurocentrism: A worldview that emphasizes European culture and history, regularly at the expense of other cultures and histories. Migration: The movement of people from one location to another, typically with the intention of permanently settling in a new place. Cotton Trade: The buying and selling of cotton, which became a significant global commodity, particularly during the period of European colonialism. Deindustrialization: The decline or loss of industrial activity in a region or country, often due to economic factors such as globalization or technological advancements. Legacy: The lasting impact or influence left by historical events, practices, or figures, which can be cultural, political, economic, or social. Colonialism: The practice or policy of acquiring and maintaining colonies or territories, often involving the exploitation of natural resources and the subjugation of local populations. Chapter 7 – Impacts of Historical Globalization on Canada Colonization: The process of acquiring and controlling territory outside one's own borders, typically for economic, political, or military gain. Cultural Mosaic: A term used to describe a society made up of diverse cultural groups that coexist and contribute to a larger, complex cultural whole. Cultural Pluralism: The recognition and valuing of the diversity of cultures within a society, allowing for the coexistence of various cultures without forced assimilation. Narrative: The way in which events or experiences are interpreted and told, often in a structured manner, to create meaning. Land Claim: A legal or moral assertion of Indigenous peoples' rights to land and resources that have been taken or occupied by non-Indigenous groups. Treaties: Formal agreements between nations, often used to establish terms of peace, trade, or land rights. Indian Act: A Canadian federal law passed in 1876 that defines the legal status of Indigenous peoples in Canada and regulates their governance and land rights. Residential Schools: Government-funded, church-run schools aimed at assimilating Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture by removing them from their families, frequently leading to abuse and mistreatment. Status Indian: A legal term used in Canada to describe Indigenous people who are registered under the Indian Act and have certain rights and benefits. Quiet Revolution: A period of rapid political, social, and cultural change in Quebec during the 1960s, which saw a move toward secularization and greater political activism. Hybridization: The blending of different cultural practices, ideas, and traditions to create new, syncretic cultural forms, often resulting from globalization. Chapter 8 – Living with the Legacies of Historical Globalization United Nations (UN): An international organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation among member countries, with a focus on addressing global issues like human rights and development. Royal Commission: A public inquiry established by the government to investigate specific issues, typically involving experts who provide recommendations for policy or public action. Grameen Bank: A microfinance organization founded in Bangladesh in 1983, providing small loans to impoverished individuals, especially women, to start businesses and improve economic conditions. NGO (Non-Governmental Organization): Independent, non-profit organizations working on issues like humanitarian aid, human rights, and environmental protection. Gacaca Courts: Community-based courts established in Rwanda after the 1994 genocide, aimed at promoting reconciliation and accountability by involving local citizens in the justice process. Indigenous: Refers to the original inhabitants of a region or country, often with distinct cultural, social, and political practices, and who may have experienced colonization or displacement. Genocide: The intentional and systematic killing of a large group of people, particularly those of a specific ethnic, national, or religious group. Gross National Income (GNI): A measure of a country's economic output that includes the value of goods and services produced by a country's residents both domestically and abroad. Foreign Aid: Financial or material assistance provided by one country to another, typically aimed at promoting development, alleviating poverty, or addressing humanitarian crises. Reconciliation: The process of restoring relationships between groups, particularly those that have been in conflict, through acknowledgment of past harms and efforts toward healing. Apartheid: A system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination that existed in South Africa from 1948 to the early 1990s, particularly against Black South Africans. Internment: The confinement of people, often during times of war or conflict, based on ethnicity, nationality, or political beliefs. Segregation vs. Integration: The practice of separating groups, often along racial lines (segregation), versus the process of bringing different groups together into a unified society (integration). Key Questions/Outcomes To what extent should contemporary society respond to the legacies of historical globalization? Impacts of historical globalization on Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples? 1.​ Recognize and appreciate historical and contemporary consequences of European contact, historical globalization and imperialism on Aboriginal societies by accepting social responsibilities associated with global citizenship, recognizing and appreciating the validity of oral histories, and examining various perspectives regarding the prevalence and impacts of Eurocentrism. 2.​ Examine the impacts of cultural contact between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples (Be sure to look at the exchange of goods and technologies, depopulation, and influences on government and social institutions) 3.​ Explore the foundations of historical globalization (How did the rise of capitalism, industrialization, imperialism, and Eurocentrism contribute to historical globalization?) 4.​ Explore the relationship between historical globalization and imperialism (How does imperialism contribute to globalization?) 5.​ Examine multiple perspectives on the political, economic and social impacts of historical globalization and imperialism 6.​ Examine imperialist policies and practices that affected Indigenous peoples (Be sure to examine British rule in India, British and French rule in Canada, and post-colonial governments in Canada) New France, British, First Nations, Métis, Indian Act, Numbered Treaties, Residential Schools. etc. 7.​ Analyze contemporary global issues that have origins in policies and practices of post-colonial governments in Canada and other locations (Be sure to look at the consequences of residential schools, social impact on Indigenous peoples, loss of Indigenous languages, civil strife. 8.​ Evaluate various attempts to address consequences of imperialist policies and practices on Indigenous peoples in Canada and other locations 9.​ Examine legacies of historical globalization and imperialism that continue to influence globalization