Introduction To Historical Globalization (PDF)

Historical Globalization To what extent should contemporary society respond to the legacies of historical globalization? Think back to the Culture Contact activity. Economic Impacts Social Impacts 1. What would be Political Impacts the long-term Enviro...

Historical Globalization To what extent should contemporary society respond to the legacies of historical globalization? Think back to the Culture Contact activity. Economic Impacts Social Impacts 1. What would be Political Impacts the long-term Environmental impact on the Impacts islander? 2. What would change? Economic Impacts: New technology (even if you did not mean to). New understandings of ownership. New access to goods (flu shots / western food). New ways to gather resources. Potential economic instability (flu shots and medicine). Social Impacts: New language. New understanding of property / rights. New understanding of the world around them. Desire to see other cultures? New understanding of how to resource gather. Political Impacts: New organization? Need to work with outside world. Change in social hierarchy. New understanding of ownership. Environmental Impacts: Change in economy and its’ impact on the environment. Change in hunting/gathering strategies. Exposure to rest of the world and the world to their resources. Are these things good or bad? Why does the impacts of historical globalization matter today? (WHY AM I LEARNING THIS?)  Post-Colonial countries today are wrestling with this question: “To what extent should contemporary society respond to the legacies of historical globalization?”  Canada and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission: Examining the mistreatment of Indigenous people through Residential Schools.  Australia’s inquisition into “violent dispossesion and genocide of Aboriginal people during colonisation”  South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission set out to discover perpetrators and help heal those who suffered through Apartheid. Should England pay reparations for their actions in India? Columbia University estimates that $45 trillion was drained from the country. What about England in China? Fought two wars attempting to force China to purchase Opium after the government tried to ban it due to addiction problems. What about the American Government: Attempted Genocide of Indigenous Populations Slave Economy Jim Crow Laws  What other Empires do you think should have to pay for the damage they caused in their colonies? In this unit we will be examining some examples of how globalization has impacted the world both positively and negatively and then try to weigh how much modern society should step in to help the healing process from the Before we can figure out what can be done today, we need to find out what happened. To start, we will need to know WHY cultures left their homes to establish elsewhere or create empires.  GOLD GLORY (Resources) (Prestige) GOD (Culture/Relig Geography ion)  GOLD GLORY (Resources) (Prestige) GOD (Culture/Relig Geography ion) Case Study 1 | The Silk Road Globalization is MUCH MUCH older then most people realize. This process has been occurring for hundreds of years. One of the most obvious examples was the SILK ROAD - a trade route from Europe to China in which GOODS, PEOPLE, and IDEAS were exchanged. Watch the following video and take note of when this occurred, what trade looked like, and what was exchanged. Case Study 2 | Columbian Exchange What do you know about Christopher Columbus? Why do people say he “discovered” the Americas? To what extent was his act beneficial or harmful to the world? Case Study 2 | Columbian Exchange His actions set off a new type of exchange that connected the “old” and “new” world that saw the exchange of goods, people, disease, and animals that had a radical effect on everyone in the world. Pros Cons  Pros Exchange of food, people and culture Advancement in crops and food production = Cons more and longer living people. Global interconnectedness Creation of Canada, USA, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, etc.  Pros Exchange of food, Cons people and culture Advancement in crops Spread of disease and food production = Decimation of more and longer living Indigenous populations people. African Slavery Global Environmental damage interconnectedness Tobacco and smoking Creation of Canada, USA, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, etc. Case Study 3 | Mercantilism This economic system was one of the early drivers of European expansion, but the basic idea was used by all historical and modern empire attempts - collect as much GOLD for the ruler. This was done by ensuring that your country EXPORTED as much as possible and importing as little as it could. To do this, countries would seek out empires to gather resources that they would then export to other countries to create a trade profit. PLEASE REMEMBER THIS WORD, NO ONE EVER DOES Case Study 3 | Mercantilism To go a bit further with this. Mercantilism was the precursor (came first) of Capitalism. It allowed for the already elite groups (aristocracy originally but later more and more members of the merchant class) to become rich through the following steps: 1. Imperial Power (European) sets up a corporation (normally a monopoly) to get resources from a newly “discovered” land. They get carte blanche (can do what they want) so long as they are making money. 2. Corporation goes forth (VOC, Hudson’s Bay, British East India, etc.) and begins taking resources / conquering the land. 3. Newly acquired land supplies raw materials / jewels and gold to imperial power. 4. Imperial power sells finished goods and goods from other colonies to their newly conquered land for a profit. Case Study 4 | The Industrial Revolution What do you know about the Industrial Revolution? What do you think it has to do with Imperialism and Globalization? Case Study 4 | The Industrial Revolution Before the revolution Europe basically looked the same as it had for 100s of years: Most people lived on farms Machines were not used Products were made by individuals (cottage industry) Goods that you could not make yourself or in town was rare Transportation was slow (walking or horse)  1700s saw a population boom and a move into cities due to Case new laws that created larger and Study 4 | more efficient farms. The Labour expensive, for producers Industrial looked for ways to pay workers Revolution less. New invention - STEAM ENGINE - put towards all manufacturing, Case Study 4 | This occurred along with the advent The of CAPITALISM Industrial Revolution Desire for cheaper ways to make money led to producers to take advantage of their workers - low wages, long hours, child workers. Desire for cheaper ways to make money led to producers to take advantage of their workers - low wages, long hours, child workers. This desire spread to the colonies to an even greater extent as British producers looked to exploit the colonies for their riches. Desire for cheaper ways to make money led to producers to take advantage of their workers - low wages, long hours, child workers. This desire spread to the colonies to an even greater extent as British producers looked to exploit the colonies for their riches. Chance of European and Indigenous populations working cooperatively diminished drastically as the industrial revolution ushered in an era of NEW IMPERIALISM. OLD IMPERIALISM NEW IMPERIALISM  OLD IMPERIALISM Focused on NEW IMPERIALISM establishing colonies and maintaining political control over an area  OLD IMPERIALISM NEW IMPERIALISM Search for cheap Focused on resources and labor establishing colonies to mass and maintaining manufacture to sell political control over back to colonies or an area foreign markets. Case Study 5 | Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade History of Slavery Slavery has existed in every culture in some form or fashion. In the Middle East and Africa it was often used as an alternative to imprisonment or execution. In Europe people captured during war were often enslaved. Growing demand for labor to work on colonial plantations changed the way ancient slavery functioned: Chattel slavery became the norm - this made slaves the property of an individual. Indigenous peoples and captured Africans were enslaved specifically because of their race.  Transatlantic Slave Trade Sent between 10 and 12 million enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas from the 16th to the 19th century. Called triangular trade: Arms, textiles, and wine shipped from Europe to Africa Slaves from Africa to Americas Sugar and coffee from Americas to Europe  Transatlantic Slave Trade Early European maritime traders acquired African slaves along with trade goods. Purchased slaves along coast from Arab and African traders, who had acquired captives from interior Africa. Transportation Transportation  Slave Labor Demand for materials such as sugar cane, cotton, and rubber increased, cheap labor in teh form of slavery was used to produce the materials. Slavery was used as the primary driver of industry in the United States of America, Caribbean, South America, and Mexico.  Slave Labor Demand for materials such as sugar cane, cotton, and rubber increased, cheap labor in the form of slavery was used to produce the materials. Slavery was used as the primary driver of industry in the United States of America, Caribbean, South America, and Mexico. Europeans justified slavery by dehumanizing African and Indigenous people by classifying them as lesser or no-human. Without dehumanizing society would be unable to perpetuate the culture of violence needed to keep the slave based economy alive.  Ends of Slavery USA - The Thirteenth Amendment Spain (1813) - “Freedom of Wombs”: (1865): formally abolished slavery emancipated the children of slaves in all after fighting a brutal civil war remaining Spanish colonies. between free and slave states Britain (1833) - Slavery Abolition Act: freed (north vs. south) over 800 000 slaves in Caribbean, South Africa, and Canada. “Neither slavery nor Could no longer compete with sugar involuntary servitude, except production colonies they did not as a punishment for crime control. whereof the party shall have Demand for Free Trade (Capitalism) to control the market. been duly convicted, shall Worried about more slave uprisings exist within the United States, (1791-1804 Haitian Revolution) or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”