Techniques in Selecting and Organizing Information PDF

# Techniques in Selecting and Organizing Information ## Objectives: * Distinguish between and among techniques in selecting and organizing information. * Justify the choice of a certain technique to make a cohesive presentation. * Describe the brainstorming process. * Illustrate the different typ...

# Techniques in Selecting and Organizing Information ## Objectives: * Distinguish between and among techniques in selecting and organizing information. * Justify the choice of a certain technique to make a cohesive presentation. * Describe the brainstorming process. * Illustrate the different types of graphic organizers. * Explain the difference between a topic and a sentence outline. * Make a cohesive presentation with different graphic organizers, using data from survey. ## Brainstorming An image of a human head with gears inside is shown, above the words **Creative Brainstorming for Writers**. * It is a process of generating creative ideas and solutions through intensive and freewheeling group discussion. Ralph Keeney, an emeritus professor at Duke's Fuqua School of Business and consultant to multinational companies and government organizations, said almost everybody does brainstorming wrong. ## 4 Basic Steps in Brainstorming An image of a brain with lightning around it is shown: By: Ralph Keeney * **Lay out the problem you want to solve.** * According to Keeney, when dealing with a problem, students should keep on pushing until they come up with at least 5 alternatives, and then, considering all of those, "identify your objectives for your study, evaluate the alternatives and select the best". * **Identify the objectives of a possible solution.** * Knowing the goals will help making solutions easier. * **Try to generate solutions individually.** * Coming into a group brainstorming with potential solutions reduces the risk that participants will get bogged down on one objective * This will avoid an "anchor". * **When your problems, objectives and personal solutions are clear, work as a group.** * Avoiding an "anchor" is a challenge when brainstorming for solutions, however, according to Keeney, if participants do their homework, clarifying the problem, identifying the objectives, and individually trying to come up with solutions, a brainstorming session can be extremely productive. ## Graphic Organizers An image of four blank graphic organizers is shown: * **Clock Diagram** * A blank diagram of a clock with 12 numbers. * **Venn Diagram** * A blank Venn Diagram with two overlapping circles. * **Decision Making Diagram** * A diagram with three boxes labeled "International", "National", "Community", each with two spaces for "Advantages" and "Disadvantages". Below the three boxes, there is a space for "I would choose to work on the __________ level, because...." * **KWHL Chart** * A blank chart divided into four boxes: "What do we know?", "What do we want to find out?", "How can we find out what we want to learn?", "What did we learn?". * **Y-Chart** * A blank diagram with three spaces: "Looks Like", "Sounds Like", "Feels Like". * **Cycle Diagram** * A circle with six blank spaces and arrows pointing different directions. * **Fishbone Diagram** * A fishbone diagram with a larger space at the center labeled "Problem" and six categories branching out: "Environment", "People", "Equipment", "Management", "Materials", and "Process". * **Frayer Model** * A diagram with four boxes titled: "Definition", "Facts/Characteristics", "Examples", and "Non-examples". * **Star Diagram** * A star diagram with the center box labeled "Learning" and the outer boxes labeled: "Formal", "Observing or Listening", "Reflection", "Cooperative", "Informal", "Augmentation", "Transformation", "Collaborative", "Social", "Doing". * **Chain Diagram** * A chain diagram with four boxes labeled: "Initiating event", "Second event", "Third Event", and "Outcome". ## Outlining An image of a pen is shown above the word "outlining" with a shadow effect. * **Topic outline** * Arranges your ideas hierarchically, in the sequence you want, and show what you will talk about. * Several aspects must be considered in writing a topic outline. * Recall that all headings and subheadings must be words or phrases, not sentences. * Also, the wording within each division must be parallel. * Finally, as in any outline, remember that a division or subdivision cannot be divided into one part; therefore, if there is an "A" there must be a "B", and if there is a "1" there must be a "2." * **Sentence Outline** * Similarly does what a topic outline does; plus, it shows exactly what you will say about each mini-topic. * Several aspects must be considered in writing a sentence outline. * If you have chosen to write a sentence outline, all headings and sub-headings must be in sentence form. * As in any outline, remember that a division or subdivision can not be divided into one part; therefore, if there is an "A" there must be a "B", and if there is a "1" there must be a "2".