Techniques in Selecting and Organizing Information PDF

# Techniques in Selecting and Organizing Information - Brainstorming - Graphic Organizer - Topic Outline - Sentence Outline ## Brainstorming - **What is brainstorming?** - Brainstorming is an individual or group activity. - Brainstorming will help us to make a solution to a particular prob...

# Techniques in Selecting and Organizing Information - Brainstorming - Graphic Organizer - Topic Outline - Sentence Outline ## Brainstorming - **What is brainstorming?** - Brainstorming is an individual or group activity. - Brainstorming will help us to make a solution to a particular problem. Efforts are made to make a solution. Ideas are gathered ([Book page 7](https://www.google.com/search?q=brainstorming+book+page+7)). - **is an invention and discovery strategy in which the writer collaborates with others to explore topics, develop ideas, and/ or propose solutions to a problem.** - **purpose of a brainstorming session is to work as a group to define a problem and find a plan of action to solve it.** ## Five Strategies of Brainstorming 1. Cubing 2. Free Writing 3. Listing 4. Mapping 5. Researching ### Cubing - Is a brainstorming strategy. - It is an idea examined from distinct viewpoints: Describe the topic, Compare and Contrast, Associate it, Analyze, Apply it, and Argue for or against it. - **Describe the topic**: How do you describe the topic? It is like "what is it?" - **Compare**: Compare and contrast it. "What Is it like or unlike" - **Associate it**: How does the topic connect to other issues you've dealt with before? It is like "What does it remind you of?" - **Analyze it**: What smaller parts make up the whole? Is it possible to break down the issue? - **Apply it**: How is it used? Who uses it? - **Argue for or against it**: Explain your position for supporting or not supporting it. ### Cubing - another way of thinking - **First**: Describe the topic, its features, parts, and challenges, then compare and contrast it with other ideas. - **Secondly**: Trace the topic's history, influences, and evolution. - **Third**: Map the topic to similar contemporary topics and its influences. ### Free Writing - Set a time limit and number of words or pages. Just write and write. You don't know what to write? Then write that. Just write. - It allows someone to work without inhibitions. ### Listing - List the topics - Make a list of things you could write in each topic - And always remember that if you made a list already, don't outline it yet, it will limit your creativity. ### Mapping - Also called webbing or clustering - It involves wiring down ideas and then making connections by associating similar ideas with color-coded circles or underlined dominant themes. ### Researching - Last technique under brainstorming. - In researching you can go to the library or check out websites on the internet. - Then make a list or map of the new ideas. - Discover facts by investigation. ## Graphic Organizer - Uses visual symbols that expresses thoughts, ideas, knowledge, and the relationship between them. - It is a communication tool that makes it easier for the writers to classify different ideas. ### Types of Graphic Organizers - Basic Outline - Venn Diagram - Topical Organizer #### Basic Outline - Thesis statement or main idea. - Example: - A. Supporting Detail - 1. Example - a. Detail - b. Detail - 2. Example - B. Supporting Detail #### Basic Outline Example: The Conquest of Mt Everest - A. Major Explorers of Mt. Everest - 1. Sir Edmund Hillary. - a. First to reach the summit (1953) - b. Led a team of experienced mountain climbers who worked together - 2. Rob Hall - a. Leader of the failed 1996 expedition #### Venn Diagram - Used to compare and contrast different elements. Helps to visualize similarities and differences. #### Venn Diagram Example: Whales and Fish - **Whales** - have hair - live birth - breathe air - **Fish** - lay eggs - have scales - breathe water - **Both** - live in water - have fins - can swim #### Venn Diagram Example: Three Circle Venn Diagram - **E - Everything** - **Cats** - Cats Only - Cats & Birds, Not Dogs - Cats & Dogs, Not Birds - **Birds** - Birds Only - Cats & Birds, Not Dogs - Birds & Dogs, Not Cats - **Dogs** - Dogs Only - Cats & Dogs, Not Birds - Birds & Dogs, Not Cats #### Topical Organizer - This allows the writers to map out their ideas. - Topical organizers enable the writer to organize material logically and to see relationships between and among ideas. #### Topical Organizer Example: Hierarchical vs Bubble - **Example 1:** - **Hierarchical Topical Organizer** - Subcategory - Category - Subcategory - Subcategory - **The Bubble Topical Organizer** - Subcategory - Category - Subcategory - Subcategory - **Example 2:** - **Hierarchical Topical Organizer** - Cloud formations - Cirrus - Cumulus - Nimbus - **The Bubble Topical Organizer** - Pollution - Coal Plants - Factories - Car Exhaust ## Topic Outline - Uses phrases only. Basically, there are no sentences and verbs. - Verbals may also be used. Also means it lists words or phrases. - Arranges your ideas hierarchically (showing which are main and which are sub-points), in the sequence you want, and shows what you will talk about. ### Example of Topic Outline: The process of cooking breakfast - Preparing - Buy all the needed ingredients - Bringing out all the needed materials - Unpacking all the things that are packed for your food - Cleaning all the ingredients - Making your breakfast - Hit up the pan - Bring out plates or pans - Mix all the ingredients that are needed to be mixed - Finishing up your breakfast - Putting all the foods in your dining hall - Fixing or cleaning the used materials - Eating your breakfast ## Sentence Outline - Provides more in-depth information than the topic outline. - It mainly focuses on the complex issues in details. - Every idea is written in complete sentences. - Each sentence, instead of simply identifying a mini-topic, is like a mini-thesis statement about that mini-topic. - Sentences are arranged in a specific structure that reflects the information's hierarchy, ensuring a clear understanding of the topic. ### Parts of the Sentence Outline - **Thesis Statement or Major Idea** - **I. Topic Sentence or Main Idea** - **A. Supporting Detail** - **1. Example** - a. Detail - b. Detail - **2. Example** - **B. Supporting Detail** - *THE FORMAT OF THE SENTENCE OUTLINE DEPENDS ON THE TYPE OF OUTLINE USED. THIS FORMAT USES THE BASIC OUTLINE.* #### Example of Sentence Outline: Negative Effects of Divorce on Adolescents - **I. When family conflicts arise as a result of divorce, adolescents suffer.** - **A. During the first year, these young people may be depressed due to conflicts between the custodial and non-custodial parents.** - **B. Grandparents, aunts, and uncles are often Restricted by visitation provisions.** - **C. Almost without exception, adolescents find divorce very painful, but they react in differing degrees depending on their age.** - **II. Some of the most negative effects on adolescents may be associated with economic problems.** - **A. The family will most probably experience a lower standard of living due to the cost of maintaining two households.** - **B. Some female custodial parents have poor job skills and must train before entering the job market.** ### Do's and Don'ts in Creating a Sentence Outline: #### Do's: - Find fresh yet credible evidences for your main idea and mini-topics to add credibility to your work. - Alike from the format of a topic outline, establish a distinct hierarchy in order to lead your target audience in the right direction. - Comprise and revise your outline as short and concise in order to bring its full understanding. #### Don'ts: - Avoid using sentence fragments. - Do not write or input too much text in a sentence. - Do not use 2 or more sentences in a sub-topic. The standard limit of sentences in a sub-topic is 1 sentence.