Reading and Writing Patterns of Development PDF

Reading and Writing The Writing Process The students should The students should The students be able to distinguish be able to use the should be able to different patterns of different signal write a paper using development in words for different a specific...

Reading and Writing The Writing Process The students should The students should The students be able to distinguish be able to use the should be able to different patterns of different signal write a paper using development in words for different a specific pattern writing. patterns of of development. development in writing. 1. Narration 2. Description 3. Exemplification 4. Definition 5. Process Analysis 5. Classification/Division 7. Comparison/Contrast 8. Cause and Effect 9. Persuasion 10. Problem-Solution  Writing can be difficult for most students, especially if they do not know how to write coherently and cohesively. Sentences and paragraphs must demonstrate relationships when conveying the writer's thoughts and ideas about a topic, and this can be accomplished effectively by employing patterns of development. In this lesson, we will examine different development patterns that will help you produce better academic papers.  A pattern of development is how an academic paper is put together from paragraph to paragraph so that the thesis and evidence for it are presented in a way that makes sense and is easy to follow. Without a pattern of development, a paper may be hard to comprehend.  A narration is a way to tell a story by putting events in a logical order. It tells what happened or describes a chain of events that led to a conclusion or end. It tells us what happened, where it happened, and when. Narration is the pattern of development of short stories, poems, fiction and non-fiction books, films, and TV and radio programs. When you describe a narrative from a particular point of view, you are engaging in the practice of narrating.  Foreshadowing Backstory Cliffhanger Flashback or Flash Forward What happened? When did it happen? Where did it happen?  A paragraph that employs description seeks to convey to the reader the image of a person, an object, a place, or a scenario through the use of words. It relies significantly on sensory elements, including sight, sound, smell, touch, and taste. The two types of description are objective and subjective.  The focus of an Subjective objective description description shows is on the thing being how a writer feels described, not on the about the subject writer's feelings, and uses more thoughts, or personal descriptive and reactions to it. richer language than objective description. What does it look like? What are its characteristics?  Examples are often used in a wide range of situations. In this pattern, the writer explains the main idea by giving a long example or a series of examples that are each very specific. Exemplification is a way to show or explain what the rest or whole of something is like. You've probably noticed that when you read a lesson about a new topic, watch a documentary, or listen to a classroom discussion, the best parts are when people give specific examples to back up their points; it's mainly because we tend to understand better through the aid of examples and illustrations. Writers use examples a lot in all kinds of writing to explain and make things clear, add interest, and persuade. Exemplification is what a writer does when they use examples to help prove or clarify a point. What are some typical cases or examples of it?  Definition moves beyond a dictionary definition to deeply examine a word or concept as we actually use and understand it. Defining a term is often the first step in a debate or disagreement. In some cases, definition is only a paragraph or two that clarify terms, but in other cases, the purpose of an entire essay is to establish a definition. What is it? How does it resemble other members of its class? How does it differ from other members of its class? What are its limits?  Analyzing a process can also be thought of as “how-to” instruction. Academic writing can incorporate process analysis to show how an existing problem came to be, or how it might be solved, by following a clear series of steps.  Process analysis explains how something works, how to do something, or how something was done. We use process analysis when: we explain how to bake bread set up an Excel spreadsheet how to improve a difficult situation assemble a treadmill  The key to successful process analysis is clarity: it’s important to explain a subject clearly and logically, with transitions that mark the sequence of major steps, stages, or phases of the process. How did it happen? What makes it work? How is it made?  Classification takes one large concept, and divides it into individual pieces. A nice result from this type of writing is that it helps the reader to understand a complex topic by focusing on its smaller parts. This is particularly useful when an author has a unique way of dividing the concepts, to provide new insight into the ways it could be viewed. What are its parts or types? How can its parts or types be separated or grouped? Do its parts or types fit into a logical order? Into what categories can its parts or types be arranged?  Comparison and contrast: juxtaposing two things to highlight their similarities and differences. Writers use comparison and contrast to analyze information carefully, which often reveals insights into the nature of the information being analyzed. Comparison and contrast discusses the subtle differences or similarities in the method, style, or purpose of two texts. How is it like other things? How is it different from other things?  A cause is something that makes an event or condition happen, and an effect is what happens as a result. The primary objective of cause-and-effect in writing is to figure out how different things are related in terms of their causes and effects. There are topics that need emphasis on the questions of "how" and "why," and this is where the cause and effect pattern may be helpful. Since causal analysis depends upon crystal clear logic, it is important to carefully trace a chain of cause and effect and to recognize possible contributing causes. You don’t want to jump to the conclusion that there is only one cause or one result, nor do you want to mistake an effect for an underlying cause. Why did it happen? What caused it? What does it cause? What are its effects? How is it related to something else?  A persuasion paragraph intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. Many writing genres such as critiques or reviews, reaction papers, editorials, proposals, advertisements, and brochures make strong use of persuasive paragraphs to state opinions and to influence others. Paragraphs become convincing when evidences are stated. What is the issue? What is your position or opinion? What is the opposing position/opinion? What are some reasons for your position/opinion? What are some cases or examples that support this?  This pattern has two parts. They are the problem and the solution. Tasks are: clearly identifying a problem, and providing a logical, practical solution for that problem  A pattern of development is how an academic paper is put together from paragraph to paragraph. Knowing that these common patterns of human thought exist, will help you as a writer to both develop and organize information in your essays. You need to use the five patterns of development from this lesson to make a portfolio of your writing. You are an aspiring writer and you are applying to a company that requires sample written work in a portfolio. Your target audience for the writing portfolio that you are trying to create depends on the topic that you are going to use. You recently graduated from a university and are applying to be a creative writer for a well-known company in the country. You need to compile sample written works utilizing the patterns of development,  The topic that has The use of patterns of The use of language been chosen by the development follows and its mechanics is students is the standards from the neat, easy to follow, interesting and lesson. and clear. relevant.