Reading & Writing Skills - Patterns of Development PDF

PARAGRAPH ▪ A paragraph is a group of sentences unified by one single idea with four basic components, namely: a. topic sentence b. supporting ideas c. supporting details d. concluding paragraph (optional) IS THIS A PARAGRAPH? Covid-19 is now a pandemic. There are no vaccines ava...

PARAGRAPH ▪ A paragraph is a group of sentences unified by one single idea with four basic components, namely: a. topic sentence b. supporting ideas c. supporting details d. concluding paragraph (optional) IS THIS A PARAGRAPH? Covid-19 is now a pandemic. There are no vaccines available yet. The number of cases is increasing every day. It originated in Wuhan, China. Many people die of Covid-19 without receiving any treatment. The entire NCR is still on lockdown. Many people carrying the virus are asymptomatic.  IS THIS A PARAGRAPH? I love listening to music at night. One reason that I enjoy it so much is that it relaxes me. Music has a soothing effect in a way that it eases my tension and stress. For example, if I feel mentally exhausted after reviewing for an exam, I play music and listen to it for thirty minutes before I sleep. I can feel it relieves my stress and improves my mood too. Also, music helps me fall asleep easily. Listening to music for 45 minutes makes my muscles relax, slows down breathing, and tunes my mind to sleep mode. This results in a longer better sleep throughout the night. IS UNITY NECESSARY IN CONSTRUCTING PARAGRAPHS?  UNITY Unity in paragraph means that all sentences revolve around one main idea found in the topic sentence. This topic sentence tells the writer which ideas in the paragraph should be retained or removed. If an idea or a sentence seems irrelevant in a way that it doesn’t support the main idea, the same should be removed from the paragraph. Read the following sentences below and IDENTIFY the letter of the sentence that doesn’t adhere to the main idea. Boracay is the most beautiful beach in Asia a. It has the whitest most powdery sand b. Boracay was closed for six months to undergo renovation. c. You can see some of the most beautiful sunsets in Boracay. Read the following sentences below and IDENTIFY the letter of the sentence that doesn’t adhere to the main idea. Drinking milk tea can be bad for your health a. Some teenagers develop ulcer or gastritis because of too much acidity. b. Milk tea has an ingredient called theophylline that, when consumed too much, may cause constipation. c. Milk tea contains some antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals Read the following sentences below and IDENTIFY the letter of the sentence that doesn’t adhere to the main idea. Students can enjoy a number of benefits from blended learning. a. Blended learning is a teaching paradigm that lets students learn through online media and traditional face-to-face interactions. b. My students can interact more with their teachers through emails, chat room, and discussion boards c. I can use my laptops, mobiles, and books for searching for information. I can even access online libraries if my sources are not enough.  DEVELOPMENT Once we have removed all irrelevant ideas and sentences from the paragraph, our next task is to provide relevant details to support or expand the topic sentence in order to make the paragraph adequately developed. There are a few things I came to realise. First, I am blessed. Both of my parents have work and we are not financially suffering that much. I have to stay at home to protect myself and my family from Covid-19. Lastly, I think I need to eat a lot of vegetables and fruits. Health is wealth.  SUPPORT There are two kinds of support. The first support serves as primary points supporting the topic sentence. We call this supporting idea. The second support, on the other hand, illustrates or develops supporting ideas to fully understand the topic sentence. It is called supporting detail. In the examples below, we can see the difference between a paragraph without supporting details and a paragraph with supporting details Paragraph with no supporting details: Excessive use of gadgets can have negative effects on teenagers. Some teenagers may develop physiological disorders. Also, It may also have emotional or psychological impact on them. Topic sentence: Excessive use of gadgets may have negative effects on teenagers. Supporting Idea 1: Some teenagers may develop physiological disorders and problems Supporting Idea 2: It may also have emotional or psychological impact on them.  COHERENCE Now that we have provided our paragraph with relevant ideas, our next task is to make our paragraph coherent which also means ‘clarity of expression’. That is, to make these sentences flow logically and smoothly; not disconnected or carrying isolated thoughts, so ideas become much clearer to the readers. We can achieve this through organization and transitional devices.  ORGANIZATION Sentences should be organized in a paragraph following a certain organizational pattern: general to specific, least important to most important, comparison, contrast, narrative, causative, and many more  TRANSITIONAL DEVICES A transitional device is a word or phrase that is used to make the flow of sentences or ideas much smoother and more organized. Without them, sentences will sound disconnected and unclear when put together. TIME SEQUENCE after a while, afterward, again, also, and then, as long as, at last, at length, at that time, before, besides, earlier, eventually, finally, first, formerly, further, furthermore, in addition, in the first place, in the past, last, lately, meanwhile, moreover, next, now, presently, second, shortly, simultaneously, since, so far, soon, still, subsequently, then, thereafter, third, too, until, until now, when ADDITION again, also, and, and then, besides, equally important, finally, first, further, furthermore, in addition, in the first place, last, moreover, next, second, still, too EXAMPLES after all, as an illustration, even, for example, for instance, in conclusion, indeed, in fact, in other words, in short, it is true, of course, namely, specifically, that is, to illustrate, thus, truly CONCLUSION all in all, altogether, as has been said, finally, in brief, in conclusion, in other words, in particular, in short, in simpler terms, in summary, on the whole, that is, therefore, to put it differently, to summarize SIMILARITY also, in the same way, likewise, similarly CONTRAST although, and, yet, at the same time, but at the same time, despite that, even so, even though, for all that, however, in contrast, in spite of, instead, nevertheless, notwithstanding, on the contrary, on one hand-on the other hand, otherwise, regardless, still, though, yet WRITING PARAGRAPHS Write a short paragraph using the given topic. Make sure to include 2 supporting ideas and 2 supporting details. Dogs are indeed man’s best friend. `  Patterns of Development ❖It is about the manner or technique in which we express our thoughts and ideas in writing.  Patterns of Development ❖Narration Narration presents a series of events in chronological order. It tells the reader what happened at what time and where. Read the story of Anna, a tourist who witnessed the “Tan-ok ni Ilocano, Festival of Festivals” Tan-ok ni Ilocano Festival of Festivals is a known festival of the province of Ilocos Norte. Foreign and local tourists come to Laoag City just to witness to the prestigious event. I am a person who loves to travel to different provinces of my country, the Philippines, to witness their respective feasts. This Tan-ok ni Ilocano showcases the different festivals of the 2 cities and 21 municipalities in Ilocos Norte. The festivals depict colorful and unique stories where their towns or cultures come from. Tan-ok ni Ilocano has touched my heart because I have understood their faith in the Almighty through the dances they have displayed, and have experienced the beauty, grandeur and diversity of the Ilocano culture. COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS: 1. Why does the narrator loves to travel? 2. How did the traveler understood the faith of the Ilocanos? 3. From which country does the traveler come from?  Patterns of Development ❖Description ▪ Description gives us details- an explanation or an account of a person, place, time, event, and the like, It helps readers experience and understand what we are writing about.  Patterns of Development ❖Description ▪ Paragraphs that emphasize description are most common in works of fiction as a means of establishing the time and setting for the reader. “She sat down on one of her grandmother's uncomfortable armchairs, and the cat sprang up into her lap and made itself comfortable. The light that came through the picture window was daylight, real golden late-afternoon daylight, not a white mist light. The sky was a robin's-egg blue, and Coraline could see trees and, beyond the trees, green hills, which faded on the horizon into purples and grays. The sky had never seemed so sky, the world had never seemed so world... Nothing, she thought, had ever been so interesting.” ― Neil Gaiman, Coraline  Patterns of Development ❖Definition ▪ Paragraphs that emphasize definition are used when we want to explain a new idea, thought or concept. Paragraphs like this present readers with the meaning and explanation of a concept.  Patterns of Development ❖Definition ▪ Aside from stating the dictionary definition, we also need to explain the concept the way we understand it, including how it affects our lives. “If you see a “pluot” at the farmer’s market, give it a try. It might seem odd to see a fruit you have never heard of before, but pluots are relatively new in the fruit world. A pluot is a hybrid fruit created from joining an apricot and a plum. Pluots range in size from that of a small apricot to that of a large plum. The outer skin varies in color from assort of cloudy golden to cloudy purplish. Overall, a pluot looks and tastes more like a plum than an apricot, although the skins are less tart than those of typical plums.” ― New Charter University  Patterns of Development ❖Exemplification or Classification ▪ Exemplification is giving examples or specific instances in order to support a claim. ▪ Classification is breaking down a topic into smaller groups or categories to help readers understand the text.  SCENERIES IN ILOCOS NORTE Ilocos Norte is a province of rich natural, historical and man-made sceneries that attract local and foreign tourists to visit here. Natural sceneries are the Kapurpurawan Rock Formation in Burgos, Pangil Rock Formation in Currimao, Saud Beach in Pagudpud, Paoay and La Paz Sand Dunes, Kaangrian Falls in Burgos. Historical sceneries are the Paoay Church, the Cape Bojeador Lighthouse, the Malacañang of the North, the Sinking Bell Tower, Basilica de Minore that houses the La Virgen Milagrosa in Badoc. Man-made sceneries are the Madongan Dam in Dingras and Marcos, the Sabu Dam in Carasi, the Vintar Dam, the Karingking Dam in Solsona, the Bangui Windmills. These sceneries have been contributory factors for the economy of Ilocos Norte to increase because of tourists, both local and foreign who come and visit. Comprehension Questions: 1. What are the three categories of sceneries in Ilocos Norte? 2. What basis is used by the author to classify these sceneries? 3. How does the author develop the classification essay?  Patterns of Development ❖Comparison and Contrast ▪ Comparison shows how similar something is to others. ▪ Contrasts shows how different something is from others There are two ways in writing a comparison and contrast paragraph. 1. Subject-by-subject Method. You present all of the facts and supporting details about one topic, and then you will all the facts and supporting details about the other topic. 2. Point-by-point arrangement. You discuss each point for both subjects before giving on the next point. Two of the native delicacies of Ilocos Norte are the Empanada and the Tupig. Batac City is known for its empanada and Sarrat is known for its Tupig. A tourist in the province must eat these treats whenever they are around Ilocos Norte. As a resident of the province, compare and contrast the two delicacies. Use the T-chart.  Patterns of Development ❖Cause and Effect ▪ We use cause and effect to show why an event is happening and what happens after it in relation to others. "Students are not allowed to chew gum in my class. While some students think that l am just being mean, there are many good reasons for this rule. First, some irresponsible students make messes with their gum. They may leave it on the bottoms of desks, drop it on the floor, or put it on other people's property. Another reason why I don't allow students to chew gum is because it is a distraction. When they are allowed to chew gum, students are more worried about having it, popping it, chewing it, and snapping it then they are in listening, writing, reading, and learning. This is why I don't allow students to chew gum in my class." - E Reading Worksheets  Patterns of Development ❖Problem-solution ▪ Presents a problem that needs to be resolved. ▪ After the problem, details that will solve the problem are also presented. "It seems like there has been a surge in teen pregnancies these days. Teen pregnancies make it very difficult for young mothers to pursue their dreams and meet the demands of an infant. Fortunately, most teen pregnancies can be easily prevented by using birth control; however, even birth control is not 100% effective. The most effective way to prevent teen pregnancies is abstinence, which is 100% effective." - E Reading Worksheets  Patterns of Development ❖Persuasion ▪ We use persuasion to convince our readers that what we are saying is true. We need to prove that our stand in an argument is the right one.  Patterns of Development ❖Persuasion ▪ Claims are statements that present an argument- something that can be proved or disproved. We use supporting statements that present evidence to prove that our claim is true. Your turn! Write a minimum of one paragraph employing each of the paragraph developments discussed (one pattern, one paragraph). Be guided by the following prompts. A. Narration – narrate what is your goal B. Description – describe how you were able to cope with the adjustments you had when you became a Senior High School student. C. Definition – make a definition of the new terminologies you have learned in your first semester of being a Grade 11. D. Classification – make a group of subjects that you want to study first, second, third and so on. E. Comparison and Contrast – compare and contrast your study habits in your Junior High School and in Senior High School. F. Cause and Effect – list down causes and effects of bullying in your school. G. Problem-Solution – what are some problems regarding waste segregation and site one or two solution to solve such problem. H. Persuasion – write to convince yourself that you need to study better in Senior High School.