EAPP REVIEWER 2024 1st Grading Exam PDF

Structure of Paragraphs -Describes how the aim will be fulfilled Topic sentence- presents the main -Suggests what the findings are point of the paragraph. -Places the topic into context Supporting sentences- support...

Structure of Paragraphs -Describes how the aim will be fulfilled Topic sentence- presents the main -Suggests what the findings are point of the paragraph. -Places the topic into context Supporting sentences- support the -Points out the aim of the text main idea of the paragraph. -Explains why the topic could be considered Transitional sentences- paves the interesting way to the next idea in the next -Provides background information paragraph -Catches the readers’ interest Concluding sentences- paves the BODY way to the next idea in the next -Presents evidence to support the thesis paragraph. statement Different patterns of development -Can be broken down into parts Content Illustration -Research and data are presented Definition -Data is analyzed Classification -Data is discussed thoroughly Comparison and Contrast CONCLUSION Process -Restates the thesis statement Sentences Outlining -Wraps up the essay -The formal outline of your final research -No new material should be presented paper will present your thesis, the major points -The conclusion should not have the exact in support of that thesis, and the sub-points same thesis statement as the one in the supporting each major point. It may have introduction. It is best to reword it in the additional levels of sub-subpoints if you feel conclusion. that is necessary. IMRaD stands for Introduction, -The basic idea of a formal outline is that Methods, Results, and Discussion different types of letters or numbers (I, A, 1, a, IMRaD aims to discuss research topics, i) represent different levels of the hierarchy of explaining the topic and its intended purpose. your paper, and sub-levels are indented below INTRODUCTION main levels. -Contains the context of the study and I. This is the first main point address what the study will entail -Can include the background of the study A. This is the first sub-point under I B. This is the second sub-point under I rather than an introduction 1. Sub-point B has its own sub-points -Should include the aim(s) of the study 2. But you only list them if there were METHODS more than one Includes: -explanation of research aims and research Topic outlining -arranges your ideas hierarchically (showing questions were fulfilled or answered which are main and which are sub-points), in -methods used to collect data and ways to the sequence you want, and shows what you analyze the said data will talk about. As the name implies, it -the research design for the entire study identifies all the little mini-topics that your RESULTS paper will comprise, and shows how they relate -Objectively presents results from the data I. Family Problems collected and analyzed A. Custodial/Non-custodial conflicts -Data can be presented in charts, figures, and B. Extended Family tables C. Adolescent’s Age DISCUSSION Parts of an Essay -Reminds readers of the topic of the study INTRODUCTION -Analyzes and discusses presented results -Introduces the topic ANNOTATION -a critical or explanatory note or body of Previewing notes added to a text -Set your goals in reading any academic text -are often added to scholarly articles or to early on, especially when you plan to literary works that are being analyzed. summarize it later on for research or study OUTLINING purposes. This will allow you to be more Outlining Academic Texts focused and to pay more attention to the helps writers categorize main points parts of the text that are important for your organize paragraphs for consistency purposes and sense -Before you read a text in earnest, try the ensure that paragraphs are fully previewing technique first to better orient developed yourself to what you need from the text you A well-written outline has: are about to dive into. a thesis statement Steps for Previewing the main idea for each paragraph 1. Don’t skip the title! It is usually the evidence and supporting details written to orient the reader and for each each paragraph provide a hint as to what the central COMPONENT OF AN OUTLINE concepts of the text will be. Thesis Statement 2. Consider the subject matter: Have you The main idea for each paragraph read about this topic before? What The evidence and supporting details prior information about it do you for each paragraph already have, or what can you guess? TYPES OF OUTLINE 3. Who is the author of the text? Is TOPIC OUTLINE additional information about the -only phrases and main ideas are used author available in any part of the -wording is parallel to one another text? What do you already know about -headings and subheadings should be divided him or her? into two or more parts 4. Where was this text originally SENTENCE OUTLINE published? Who might be the -Sentences utilized. audience for this kind of text? What -Less need for parallelism. could the audience expect to find in the text? IMRaD OUTLINE -Can utilize either a topic or sentence outline 5. When was this text originally for IMRaD. published? Is there a connection -Introduction should have the specific between the time period it was research problem. written in and the field of study it was published in? Were there any -Methodology should contain design, participants, environment, instrumentation, important events or significant trends and data analysis during the time the text was written SUMMARIZING or published? a text is distilling its essential concepts in a 6. What seems to be the general paragraph or two. Typically, a summary has progression of ideas in the chapter two goals: titles or headings that section the 1. to reproduce the key ideas and points article? of a text, and 7. Why has your professor assigned this 2. to express these concepts and ideas text? Where does it fit into the course with precise and specific language. or subject as a whole? What sort of facts and ideas are you expected to Two techniques in Preparing to Write a remember from this reading? Summary TIPS: to see if the text mentions a specific subject When reading an academic text, you are researching. carefully read its abstract and -An effective summary should be able to discussion, and examine its graphs, if condense a passage into a shorter form any. because it only communicates the essential Skimming facts of the original text. -By first skimming through a text, you can get -You are rewriting the text to be more focused an idea of its overall logical progression. on the main points for easier reference later -Skimming can also help you determine which on. parts of the text need your utmost attention -Effective summarizing is important for both to achieve your purposes for reading the text. research and writing because it can allow you Steps for Skimming to return to pertinent information much 1. Before skimming, make use of the faster. previewing techniques from the Steps for Scanning previous subsection. 1. Include the title and the name of the 2. Then, carefully read the introductory author in your first sentence. paragraph. Try to predict the direction 2. The first few sentences of your of the coming explanations, summary should contain the author’s arguments, and examples. thesis so it is easier to recall what the 3. Carefully read the first one or two key points of the text are. sentences of each paragraph, as well 3. Often, longer articles are divided as the concluding sentence or into subsections to organize sentences. information. Make sure to maintain 4. In between the opening and closing the subsections and keep information sentences, keep your eyes moving. with similar ideas close together Your goal is to take in the overarching 4. Omit minor details and ideas that concepts and overall picture or are not central to the text. However, pattern of the text. be careful in omitting too much and 5. Carefully read the concluding warping the author’s original paragraph or paragraphs. What might intention. the author’s overall purpose be? Keep 5. In general, omit specific examples in mind that you may be mistaken, so unless they are integral to the be ready and willing to modify your author’s argument. If the purpose of answer if needed. the example is to provide clarification, 6. Finally, return to the beginning and do then it can be omitted. a more focused reading of the text. Be 6. Avoid opinions or personal more mindful of what you might have responses in your summaries. A missed in your skimming and try to summary should only contain the understand them thoroughly. author’s ideas. -Skimming is effective in getting a quick grasp 7. Try writing the first draft of your of what the paper is about without reading summary without looking back at the through it carefully. text as you write to avoid plagiarism. -Each paragraph in a paper has its own main PARAPHRASING ideas, usually as its first or last sentence. -a restatement of a text, passage, or work and -You can start connecting the dots and guess to give the meaning in another form. how the paper would defend its thesis. Scanning Characteristics of a Good Paraphrase -is similar to skimming, except you should -relays the information from the source text have a more focused purpose. You are now in your own words skimming to find a particular fact or figure or -leads the readers to the source of the 1. Word for Word- also known as “copy- information paste plagiarism” happens when a When to Paraphrase? researcher copies another person’s -Paraphrase when dealing with short texts work word-forword or verbatim with one or two sentences or a paragraph without proper citation of the with five sentences. author(s) -Paraphrase when you want to minimize 2. Word Order Plagiarism- happens direct quotation. when a writer changes some of the -Paraphrase when you want to rewrite the words of the author(s) by looking at author’s words without changing the meaning the synonyms of the words and of the source text replacing or rearranging them to How do you paraphrase? make the text look as if it were their Change of parts of speech own -The function of some words in a sentence are 3. Idea Plagiarism- happens when a changed to a different part of speech. writer paraphrases the work of Examples: another in his or her own writing but Source: After reading a book, Lina took a does not properly cite or attribute the break. idea to the author(s) Paraphrase: After she had read a book, Lina CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING PRINTED took a break. SOURCES Change of structure 1. RELEVANCE OF THE SOURCE TO THE -The structure of the sentence is changed to RESEARCH TOPIC- Check the table of reflect the writer’s interpretation of the contents, summary/abstract, source text. introduction, or heading Examples: 2. AUTHORITY/AUTHOR’S Source: Ms. Jen will be teaching English next QUALIFICATIONS semester. a. Is the author’s name identified? Paraphrase: Next semester, English will be b. Is he/she a professor in a reputable taught by Ms. Jen. university? Clause reduction c. What are his/her publications? -Clauses are reduced or changed to phrases to d. Is the author’s background, lessen confusion and interruption and make education, or training related to the the sentence simpler. topic? Examples: 3. CURRENCY/DATE PUBLICATION- Source: Marsupials are endemic to Australia, What is the date of the publication? Is and many of their species are considered to it up to date? be endangered species. 4. CONTENTS/ACCURACY OF Paraphrase: Many species of marsupial’s INFORMATION- Does the author have endemic to Australia are endangered species. a lot of citations in his or her text and/ Synonym replacement or a bibliography or works cited -It involves the change of words in the section? Is the information sentence with similar words or synonyms. inaccurate? Examples: 5. LOCATION OF SOURCES- Where is the Source: Smoking is dangerous to your health. source published? Is it published Paraphrase: Smoking is hazardous to your digitally or in print? Is it a book, an health. academic journal, or a reputable news PLAGIARISM source such www.nytimes.com or -claiming ownership of material that is not www.economist.com? your own Kinds of Plagiarism CRITERIA IN EVALUATING WEBSITES 2. Promote scholarly writing – 1. ACCURACY OF WEB DOCUMENTS- exhaustively use related and existing Who wrote the page? Can you contact ideas, information, arguments, etc. him/her? Is this person qualified to 3. Help the target audience identify write this document? Make sure our original source. author provides email or a contact FORMS OF CITATION address/phone number. Know the In-text Citation- An in-text citation is a distinction between author and reference made within the body of the text of webmaster an academic essay. The in-text citation alerts 2. AUTHORITY OF WEB DOCUMENTS- the reader to a source that has informed your What credentials are listed for the own writing. authors? Who published the 1. Narrative Citation- In this format, the document and is it separate from the summarized idea comes after the “Webmaster”? Does the publisher list reference details. his or her qualifications? What Examples: credentials are listed for the authors? 1. Blackstone and Hardwood (2002) 3. OBJECTIVITY OF WEB DOCUMENTS- suggest that facilitative strength of FB Is the page a mask for advertising? as it elicits greater engagement on What goals/objectives does this page collaboration among students. meet? How detailed is the 2. The study of Kabilan, Ahmad, and information? Determine if page is a Abidin (2010) shows that the mask for advertising; if so, students perceived FB as an online information might be biased. environment to expedite language 4. CURRENCY OF WEB DOCUMENTS- learning specifically in English. When was it produced? When was it 2. Parenthetical Citation- In this format, updated? How many dead links are on the summarized idea comes before the page? Is the information on the the reference details. page outdated? Examples: 5. COVERAGE OF WEB DOCUMENTS- Is 1. Benchmarking is a useful strategy that it all images or a balance of text and has the potential to help public images? Is the information presented officials improve the performance of cited correctly? Is it all images or a local services (Folz, 2004; Ammons, balance of text and images? Is the 2001). information on the page outdated? 2. Two of the three reviewed studies CITATION focusing on communication in a. A citation credits authors whose work nonInternet and Internet supports your research. relationships mediated by FtF, phone, b. It is also used to easily locate particular or email modalities found that the sources as well as help avoid plagiarism. frequency of each modality’s use was c. A citation style dictates the required significantly linked to the strength of information, its organization, punctuation, the particular relationship (Cummings and formatting. et al., 2002). d. A citation typically includes the author’s Reference Citation- The complete name, publication date, publisher, journal bibliographic entries of all references used by title, and DOI. (Digital Object Identifier). the writer. This appears in the reference list Purpose of Citation found in the paper's last part. 1.Give credit to the original author of Examples: the work. 1. Cummings, J. N., Butler, B., & Krant, R. (2001). The quality of online social  relationships. Communications of the BOOKS ACM, 45 (7). 103-108. FORMAT: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work: 2. Darji, C. (2010). Education as a sub- Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher. system of society. Retrieved from EXAMPLE: Smith, J. A. (2020). Understanding http://cdenglish. psychology. HarperCollins. blogspot.com/2010/02/education-as- JOURNAL ARTICLES sub-system-of-soiciety.html FORMAT: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). 3. Hayward, T. (2016). What is the Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume relationship between education and number(issue number), pages. sociology? Retrieved from https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy https://www.quora.com/What-is-the- EXAMPLE: Doe, J., & Roe, R. (2019). Advances relationship-betweeneducation-and- in research methods. Journal of Research sociology Methods, 32(4), 45-60. In-text citation with only one author https://doi.org/10.1234/jrm.2019.032004 Example: WEBPAGES 1. According to Sipacio (2014), APA style FORMAT: Author, A. A. (Year, Month Date). is required for business student Title of webpage. Site Name. URL majors. APA style is required for EXAMPLE: National Institute of Mental business student majors (Sipacio, Health. (2021, February 14). Anxiety 2014). disorders. National Institutes of Health. In-text citation with two authors https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/an Example: xiety-disorders/index.shtml 1. According to Sipacio and Barrot NOTE: If the author's name is not available, (2014), APA style is required for use the name of the site instead. business student majors. QUOTATION In-text citation with three to five authors Quoting involves taking what the author said Example: and repeating it word-for-word. This method 1. According to Sipacio, Barrot, and is usually used for phrases or short sentences. Sanchez (2014), the APA style is Quotation marks (“”) appropriate for the fields of nursing When do we actually quote? and education. 1. The author’s words already convey a 2. Sipacio et al. (2014) stated that in powerful meaning and you think you general, the social sciences employ can no longer word the information this citation style any better or simpler. CITATION STYLE 2. You want to make sure your readers A. APA (American Psychological Association) know the words are not your own. is used in education, psychology, and the 3. You want to highlight a particularly social sciences. striking sentence the author wrote. B. MLA (Modern Language Association) is 4. You want to show concrete evidence normally used in the humanities. to support your claims. C. Chicago/Turabian style is often used in How to quote? - ICE Method. business, history, and fine arts. 1. Introduce -To introduce a quotation in your writing, APA CITATION STYLE make sure to mention the author’s full or last -The APA citation style consists of guidelines name, any significant or necessary to ensure the clear and consistent background information, and a signal verb. presentation of written material. I -It concerns itself with a number of elements, Marga said... such as a selection of headings, tone, length, Casssie told us that... citation of references, and many more.  2. Cite -The copied text should be enclosed in quotation marks, and should follow its original capitalization and punctuation marks. -If you want to insert your own words inside a quotation, put them in square brackets ( [ ] ). For example: “The activities in the [midyear] workshop were informative, ” according to the teacher. -If you want to change the capitalization of the word in a quotation, use square brackets. For example: The teacher stated that “[t]he activities in the workshop were informative. ” -If you want to remove words in the middle of a quotation, use ellipses ( … ). For example: “The activities … were informative, ” according to the teacher. -If you want to emphasize something in a quotation, place the words in italics, and state that the emphasis is your own. For example: “The activities in the workshop were informative [emphasis added], ” according to the teacher. 3. Explain -Do not forget to explain the quotations that you used. Back up the quote with your own words, explanations, and reasoning. QUOTING VS. PARAPHRASING -Quoting is used with shorter phrases or sentences. -Paraphrasing is effective for longer sentences or a group of sentences. -Quoting is recommended when you want to make sure the original idea of the author is introduced as is. -Paraphrasing is suitable for elaborating on the author’s main idea by explaining it in your own words. Note: Paraphrasing and quoting are often used together. Use paraphrased sentences after a quotation to reinforce the author’s ideas with your own words and insights. GOOD LUCK, AND GOD BLESS EVERYONE!