Afro-Latin American and Popular Music PDF

# Afro-Latin American and Popular Music ## Music of Africa - Music has always been an important part in the daily life of African. - Music and dance are also important to religious expression and political events. ## Traditional Music of Africa - African traditional music is largely functional...

# Afro-Latin American and Popular Music ## Music of Africa - Music has always been an important part in the daily life of African. - Music and dance are also important to religious expression and political events. ## Traditional Music of Africa - African traditional music is largely functional in nature, used primarily in ceremonial rites, such as birth, death, marriage, succession, worship, and spirit invocations. ## Types of African Music - **Afrobeat** - term used to describe the fusion of West African with black American Music. - **Apala(Akpala)** - Musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style to wake up the worshippers after fasting during the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan. - **Axe** - popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil. It fuses the Afro-Carribbean styles of the marcha, reggae and calypso. - **Jit** - a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on drums with guitar accompaniment, influenced by mbira-based guitar styles. - **Jive** - a popular form of South African Music featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance. - **Juju** - a popular music style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms. - **Kwassa Kwassa** - a dance style begun in Zaire in late 1980's popularized by Kanda Bongo man. - **Marabi** - a south african three-chord township music of the 1930's - 1960's which evolved into African Jazz. ## Percussion Instruments - **Shekere/Sekere** - the rattle ## Agidigbo - Thumb Piano The image shows a close-up of a person holding a thumb piano. The thumb piano is a small wooden box with metal keys, and the image shows two thumb pianos with different levels of wear. ## Agogo - Bell (Two or Three Talking Drums) The image shows a hand holding a agogo, which is a musical instrument that is often used in African, Brazilian, and Caribbean music. The agogo is a type of bell that is made from metal, and is played with a stick or mallet. ## Latin American Influenced by African Music - **Reggae** - a Jamaican sound dominated by bass guitar and drums. - **Salsa** - music is Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Colombian dance music. It comprises various musical genres including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha, chachacha, mambo and bolero. - **Samba** - is the basic underlying rhythm that typifies most Brazilian music. - **Soca** - a modern Trinidadian and Tobago pop music combining "soul" and "calypso" music. - **Were** - a Muslim music performed often as a wake-up call for early breakfast and prayers during Ramadan celebrations. - **Zouk** - a fast, carnival-like rhythmic music, from Creole slang word for "Party." ## Vocal Forms of African Music - **MARACATU** - first surfaced in the African state of Pernambuco, combining the strong rhythms of African percussion instruments with Portuguese melodies. The maracatu groups were called "nacoes" (nations) who paraded with drumming ensemble numbering up to 100, accompanied by a singer, chorus, and a coterie of dancers. (Maracatu Dance) ## Musical Instruments Used in Maracatu - Alfaia Drum - Tarol - Agbe Shekere - Caixa - Miniero or Ganza - Gongue The image provides a close-up view of these instruments and their specific names. ## Blues - A musical form of the late 19th century that has had deep roots in African-American communities. These communities are located in the so-called "Deep South" of the United States. The slaves and their descendants used to sing as they worked in the cotton and vegetable fields. - The notes of blues create expressive and soulful sound. The feelings that are evoked are normally associated with slight degrees of misfortune, lost in love, frustration, or loneliness. ## Blues Music - Early Mornin', A House is Not a Home, and Billie's Blues. - Noted performers of the Rhythm and Blues genre are Ray Charles, James Brown, Cab Calloway, Aretha Franklin, and John Lee Hooker and more. ## Soul - Soul Music was a popular music genre of the 1950's and 1960's. It originated in the United States. It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, and often jazz. The catchy rhythms are accompanied by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves which are among its important features. - Brown was known as the "Godfather of Soul." - Sam Cookie and Jackie Wilson are acknowledged as "Soul forefathers." - Soul music are the ff: Ain't No Mountain High enough, Ben, All I could Do is Cry, Soul to Soul, and Becha by Golly, and Wow. ## Spiritual - The term spiritual, normally associated with a deeply religious person, refers here to a Negro Spiritual, a song form by African migrants to America who became enslaved by its white communities. - The texts are mainly religious, sometimes taken from psalms of Biblical Passages. The Vocal inflections, Negro accents, and dramatic dynamic changes add to the musical interest and effectiveness of the performance. ## Spiritual Music - We are Climbing Jacob's Ladder - Rock My Soul - When the Saints Go Marching In - Peace Be Still ## Call and Response - The call and response method is a succession of two distinct musical phrases usually rendered by different musicians, where the second phrase acts a direct commentary on or response to the first. - It also forms a strong resemblance to the verse-chorus form in many vocal compositions. ## Call and Response Songs - Mannish Boy - a signature song by Muddy Waters - School Day - Ring, Ring goes the bell by Chuck Berry. ## Music of Latin America - The music if Latin America is the product of three major influences - Indigenous, Spanish-Portuguese and African. - It also called as Latin Music. ## Influences of Latin American Music - Indigenous Latin American Music - this kind of music was largely functional in nature, being used for religious worship and ceremonies. - Native American/Indian Music - this kind of music has a distinctive music elements pertaining melody, harmony, rhythm, form, and dynamic. It includes courtship songs, dancing songs, and popular American or Canadian tunes like Amazing Grace, Dixie Jambalaya and Sugar Time. ## Son - It is a fusion of the popular music of Spain and the African rumba rhythms of Bantu Origin. Originating in Cuba, it is usually played with the Tres (Guitar). ## Mariachi - It is an extremely popular band in Mexico whose original ensemble consisted of violins, guitars, harp, and enormous guitarron (acoustic bass guitar). ## Vocal Forms of Latin American Music 1. **Bossa Nova** - Originated in 1958 - 59 as a movement effecting a radical change in the classic Cuban Samba. - **BOSSA** comes from the Brazilian capital of Rio de Janeiro means “trend” or “something charming.” Integrating melody, harmony, and rhythm into a swaying feel, where the vocal style is often nasal. - Antonio Carlos Jobim - A foremost figure of bossa nova. He became famous with his song "DESAFINADO (1957). - Sitti Navarro - known as "Philippines Queen of Bossa Nova." Some of her songs are Para sa Akin, Hey Look at the Sun, Lost in Space, and Kung Di Rin lang ikaw. 2. **Reggae** - Bob Marley - known as the proponent of reggae music. He was a Jamaican singer-songwriter, musician, and guitarist. He Achieved International fame and acclaim for songs such as: One Love, Three Little Birds, No Woman, No Cry; Redemption Song; Stir It Up.