Q2 M1 MUSIC10 PDF

10 MUSIC Quarter 2- Module 1 Afro-Latin American and Popular Music About the Module This module is designed and written to help you discover and appreciate the Afro-Latin American and Popular Music. Module 1 will help you explore the following topics: Lesson 1: Music of Afr...

10 MUSIC Quarter 2- Module 1 Afro-Latin American and Popular Music About the Module This module is designed and written to help you discover and appreciate the Afro-Latin American and Popular Music. Module 1 will help you explore the following topics: Lesson 1: Music of Africa Lesson 2: Afro-Latin American Music Lesson 3: Jazz Music Lesson 4: Popular Music After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. describe the historical and cultural background of Afro-Latin American and popular music; 2. analyze the musical characteristics of Afro-Latin American and popular music through listening activities; and 3. performs selections of Afro-Latin American and popular music in appropriate pitch, rhythm, style, and expression. What I Know Let us see how much you know about the Afro-Latin American and Popular Music. Read the statements below carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. What is the fusion of West African with Black American music? A. Soul B. Jive C. Salsa D. Afrobeat 2. What is a popular form of South African music featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance? A. Soca B. Jive C. Salsa D. Afrobeat 3. What music comprises various musical genres including the Cuban son motuno, guaracha, chachacha, mambo and bolero? A. Soul B. Jive C. Salsa D. Afrobeat 4. What is also known as “soul of calypso”? A. Soca B. Reggae C. Samba D. Apala 5. What was the popular music genre that has a combination of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues and often jazz? A. Soul B. Jive C. Salsa D. Afrobeat 6. Who is the “Godfather of Soul Music”? A. Ray Charles B. James Brown C. Jeff Baxter D. Sam Cooke 1 7. What Latin American dance form became a popular courtship dance with European and African instrumentation and characteristics? A. Rumba B. Tango C. Cumbia D. Chacha 8. Who was the King of Ragtime? A. Scott Joplin B. Erik Satie C. Claude Debussy D. Jelly Roll Morton 9. Who was the Brazilian composer known as the foremost figure in bossa nova? A. Bob Marley C. Carlos Jobim B. Antonio Dadap D.Vincius de Moraes 10. Who was the best-known proponent of reggae music? A. Bob Marley B. Peter Tosh C. Jimmy Cliff D. Dennis Brown 11. What term is used to denote the most popular and enduring songs from a particular genre or style? A. R & B B. Jazz C. Rock D. Standards 12. Who is the first proponent of standard music who was also known as the Chairman of the Board? A. Paul Anka B. Bing Crosby C. Frank Sinatra D. Nat King Cole 13. Which of the songs below was popularized by singer-songwriter Nat King Cole? A. Unforgettable B. Annie’s Song C. Love Me Do D. Night Fever 14. What band was known as the most commercially successful band in the history of popular music? A. ABBA C. Bee Gees B. The Beatles D. Earth, Wind & Fire 15. What is a succession of two distinct phrases usually written in different parts of the music, where the second phrase is heard as a direct commentary on or in response to the first? A. Soul C. Maracatu B. Spirituals D. Call and response 2  Lesson 1 Music of Africa In this lesson, you are expected to: 1. analyze the musical characteristics of African Music; 2. describe the dance styles, rhythm, and instruments of African Music; and 3. make your own improvised African-inspired instrument. What’s In The picture on the left depicts Africans and their traditional music. What do you think are the unique characteristics of African music based on the picture? ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ http://gg.gg/ms63 1 What’s New/What Is It African music is a collective result of the cultural and musical diversity of more than 50 ethnic divisions of the continent. The organization of this vast continent is a colonial legacy from European rule of the different nations up to the end of the 19 th century. Thus, enabling it to incorporate its music with language, environment political developments, immigration, and cultural diversity. TRADITIONAL MUSIC OF AFRICA In most part of the continent is passed down orally (or aurally) and is not written. African traditional music is used primarily in ceremonial rites, such as birth, death, marriage, succession, worship, and spirit invocations. Others are work related or social in nature, while many traditional societies view their music as entertainment. 3 A. Characteristics of Traditional African Music Polyrhythms, ostinato the use of percussion, background shimmer close connection with the music and language participatory nature of the arts, close connection with the performing arts responsorial form B. Genres of African Music a. Afrobeat- a term used to describe the fusion of West African with Black American music. b. Apala (Akpala)- is a musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style, used to wake up the worshippers after fasting during the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan. c. Axe- is a popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil; fuses the Afro- Caribbean styles of the marcha, reggae, and http://gg.gg/ms602 calypso, and is played by carnival bands. d. Jit- is a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on drums with guitar accompaniment, influenced by mbira-based guitar styles. e. Jive- is a popular form of South African music featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a form of a swing dance f. Juju- is a popular music style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms, where the instruments are more Western in origin. g. Kwassa kwassa- is a dance style that begun in Zaire in the late 1980s, moving the hips back and forth while the arms follow the hip movements h. Marabi- is a South African three-chord township music which evolved into African jazz Listen to a few examples of these genres on Youtube through the links below: 1. Axe Bahia - Onda Onda ~Brazilian Dance : http://gg.gg/ms5xc 2. Kwassa kwassa: http://gg.gg/ms5xr 3. Marabi: http://gg.gg/ms5y4 4 C. Latin American Music Influenced by African Music Bob Marley a. Reggae is a Jamaican musical style that was strongly influenced by the island’s traditional mento music, as well as by calypso, African music, American Jazz, and rhythm and blues. Bob Marley (Robert Nesta Marley) was a Jamaican singer, songwriter, and musician. Considered one of the pioneers of reggae, his musical career was marked by fusing elements of reggae, ska, and rocksteady, as well as his distinctive vocal and songwriting style. http://gg.gg/ms663 b. Salsa music is Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Columbian dance music. It comprises various musical genres including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha, chachacha, mambo and bolero. c. Samba is a Brazilian musical genre and dance style. It has a lively and rhythmical beat. d. Soca is also known as the “Soul of Calypso.” It originated as a fusion of calypso with Indian rhythms, thus combining the musical traditions of the two major ethnic groups of Trinidad and Tobago. e. Were is Muslim music often performed as a wake-up call for early breakfast and prayers during Ramadan celebrations. Relying on pre-arranged music, it fuses the African and European styles. Listen to a few examples of these genres on Youtube through the links below: 1. Reggae: http://gg.gg/ms68h 2. Salsa: http://gg.gg/ms68q 3. Samba: http://gg.gg/ms691 4. Soca: http://gg.gg/ms69e D. Vocal Forms of African Music a. Maracatu is an ancient carnival tradition from the north-east of Brazil. Maracatu has its roots in the sugar fazendas and slave estates of Pernambuco state, where black African slaves formed religious brotherhoods to preserve African culture and heritage. b. Blues is an African-American music that traverses a wide range of emotions and musical styles. “Feeling blue” is expressed in songs whose verses lament injustice or express longing for a better life and lost loves, jobs, and money. But blues is also a dance music that celebrates pleasure and success. c. Soul was a popular music genre of the 1950s and 1960s, with combined elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, and often jazz. 5  James Brown was known as the “Godfather of Soul” James Brown while Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson were also called as “soul forefathers”. d. Spirituals (also known as Negro spirituals) genre of songs originating in the United States and created by African Americans. Spirituals were originally an oral tradition that imparted Christian values while also describing the hardships of slavery. http://gg.gg/ms663 e. In music, a call and response is a succession of two distinct phrases usually written in different parts of the music, where the second phrase is heard as a direct commentary on or in response to the first. Listen to a few examples of these genres on Youtube through the links below: 1. Maracatu: http://gg.gg/ms6f6 2. Blues: http://gg.gg/ms6fg 3. Soul: http://gg.gg/ms6fs 4. Call and response: http://gg.gg/ms6fw E. African Musical Instruments a. Idiophones: Sound is produced by striking the body of the instrument causing it to vibrate. Balafon Agogo Djembe b. Lamellophones: In the classification of musical instruments the kalimba is in the category of lamellophones or plucked idiophones. Kalimba is one of the names used for Kalimba Mbira this 15-key African lamellophone, also called mbira. c. Membranophones: Sound is produced by the vibration of a tightly stretched membrane. Donno/ Bougarabou African Bongo Talking Drum Drums d. Chordophones: Sound is produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points. 6 e. Aerophones: Sound is produced by vibrating air. Shofar/Kudu Algaita Gewa Fulani Zurn Horn What I Have Learned Let Us Think! Write your learning in this lesson by completing the sentences below. Use another sheet of paper for this activity. 1. African music is used as _____________________________________________________. 2. It is composed of different kinds of genres and music because ________________. 3. Even though I am a Filipino, I am studying African music to __________________. What I Can Do Choose one of the African instruments that you have learned from this lesson. Create your own version of the instrument by using any available materials found at home. Take a picture of your finished product and write a 1-2 sentence description about it under. Use the criteria below as your guide. Creativity 40 pts. Description 40 pts. Similarity to the Instrument 20 pts. 100 pts. Lesson 2 Music of Afro-Latin America In this lesson, you are expected to: 1. describe the historical and cultural background of Afro-Latin American; 2. appreciate Afro-Latin American music by listening or watching videos; and 3. write a short description of your favorite African music. 7  What’s In In the previous lesson, we have learned how important music is to the lives of the African people. We have seen how they create their music, sing and dance to it as they express their feelings in different occasions. Music is an important part of understanding the history and people of Latin America. Africans, enslaved and free, brought new rhythms, dances, songs, and musical practices with them to the Americans. They created unique harmonious blends of song, dance, and performance. What’s New/What is it The music of Latin America is the product of three major influences: Indigenous, Spanish-Portuguese, and African. We use the term Afro-Latin to describe the types of music from Latin American countries that were influenced by the black slave population that came from Africa and was forced to establish itself mostly in major port cities. Characteristics of Afro-Latin American music 1. Conversation: “Call and response” – a performance of voice interaction as an answer to the first chant. 2. Improvisation: Non-scripted ways of singing that allow for sincere conversations. Vocal and Dance Forms of Latin American Music a. Bachata originates from bolero and son (and later, from the mid-1980s, merengue). The original term used to name the genre was amargue ("bitterness", "bitter music" or "blues music). b. Batucada is a substyle of samba, an African-influenced Brazilian percussive style, usually performed by an ensemble, known as bateria. Batucada is characterized by its repetitive style and fast pace. c. Cha cha cha is a dance of Cuban origin. It is danced to the music introduced by Cuban composer and violinist Enrique Jorrin in the early 1950s. 8  d. Conga is a novelty line dance that was derived from the Cuban carnival dance and became popular in the US in the 1930s and 1950s. The dancers form a long line, which would usually turn into a circle. e. Mambo is a Latin dance of Cuba which was developed in the 1940s. The original ballroom dance which emerged in Cuba and Mexico was related to the danzón, a little bit faster and less rigid. https://bit.ly/3farSiu f. Tango is a dance that has influences from African, Native American and European culture. Dances from the candombe ceremonies of former African slave peoples helped shape the modern-day tango. g. Pachanga is a genre of music which is described as a mixture of son montuno and merengue and has an accompanying signature style of dance. This type of music has a festive, lively style and is marked by jocular, mischievous lyrics. https://bit.ly/3BWnrBI h. Son Cubano is a genre of music and dance that originated in the highlands of eastern Cuba during the late 19th century. It is a syncretic genre that blends elements of Spanish and African origin. i. Zouk is a partner dance which began in Brazil during the early 1990s. Brazilian Zouk evolved from the partner dance known as the Lambada.... The most characteristic feature of Brazilian Zouk is the Tom Jobim follower's upper body movements which are led out of axis by intricate leading and following techniques. j. Bossa nova: A style of popular Brazilian music derived from the samba but with more melodic and harmonic complexity and less emphasis on percussion. Antonio Carlos Jobim, also known as Tom Jobim, was one of the greatest Brazilian composers who was responsible for writing so many of the classic Brazilian songs. http://gg.gg/ms87o Watch and listen to these musical forms on Youtube through the links below: 1. Conga: http://gg.gg/ms89d 4. Son Cubano: http://gg.gg/ms8ai 2. Tango: http://gg.gg/ms89y 5. Zouk: http://gg.gg/ms8bj 3. Pachanga: http://gg.gg/ms8ae 9  What I Have Learned What do you like most and least about African music? Write them in the table below and on a separate sheet of paper. What I like most about Afro-Latin What I like least about Afro-Latin American Music American Music What I Can Do Describe a Song Choose one song from the links given in this lesson. Write a paragraph (3-5 sentences) to describe the song. Do this on a separate sheet of paper with this format. Name:_____________________________________ Section: ________________________ Title of the Song: ____________________________________________ Genre of Music: __________________________________ Description: Lesson 3 Jazz Music In this lesson, you are expected to: 1. discuss the musical characteristics of Jazz music; 2. listen to the links given for each Jazz form; and 3. make a short profile of one of the most popular Jazz music artists. 10  What’s In In the previous lesson, we learned how Latin American music was influenced by the black slave population from Africa. This time we will discuss another interesting genre that they consider as an outlet for their deepest feelings. What’s New/What Is It Jazz, as a musical form, often improvisational, developed by African Americans and influenced by both European harmonic structure and African rhythms. It was developed partially from ragtime and blues and is often characterized by syncopated rhythms, polyphonic ensemble playing, varying degrees of improvisation, and often deliberate deviations of pitch. Jazz forms Ragtime, a syncopated musical style, one forerunner of jazz and the predominant style of American popular music from about 1899- 1917. Ragtime evolved in the playing of honky-tonk pianists along the Mississippi and Missouri rivers in the last decades of the 19th century. Viewed as the "King of Ragtime," Scott Joplin was the foremost composer of the genre in the early 20th century, "The Entertainer." Listen to Ragtime through this link http://gg.gg/ms8ju. Big Band refers to a jazz group of ten or more musicians, usually featuring at least three trumpets, two or more trombones, four or more saxophones, and a “rhythm section” of accompanists playing some combination of piano, guitar, bass and drums. Among the great Big Bands were the Glenn Miller Orchestra who played In the Mood among many others. Listen to Big Band in this link http://gg.gg/ms8kn. Bebop, as the revolutionary new style and sound eventually came to be known (the origin of the word “bebop” partly stems from a nonsensical word used in improvised scat singing) grew as both an offshoot of and reaction to big band swing music, which was dominated by propulsive dance rhythms. Listen to Bebop at http://gg.gg/ms8lv. Jazz Rock is a music genre that developed in the late 1960s when musicians combined jazz harmony and improvisation with rock music, funk, and rhythm and blues. The term "jazz rock" is sometimes used as a synonym for "jazz fusion" and for music performed by late 1960s and 1970s-era rock bands that added jazz elements to their music. It is also a mix of funk and R&B (rhythm & blues). 11  What I Have Learned Read each statement carefully and answer briefly. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper and label it with your name, year & section, date, What I Have Learned: Activity 4 Q2: Module1-Lesson 3. 1. Trace the origin of jazz music. 2. Briefly describe the characteristics of each form. 3. Name one of the big bands that became popular. What I Can Do Research on various information of the different popular Jazz music artists in history. Choose one artist and make a short profile about him/her. Follow the example below and do this on a separate sheet of paper. Born: (name) (birthdate) (address) Occupation: Years active: Relatives Awards: Music Career Genres: Instruments: Labels: 12  Lesson 4 Popular Music In this lesson, you are expected to: 1. describe popular music and its genres; and 2. create a video showing popular music. What’s In Are you familiar with the artists in the collage? Do you enjoy listening to their songs? What do you call the kind of music they have? http://gg.gg/m onnj What’s New/What Is It Popular music literally means “music of the populace” similar to traditional folk music of the past. As it developed in the 20 th century, pop music (as it has come to be called), generally consisted of music for entertainment of large numbers of people, whether on radio or in live performances. http://gg.gg/monn 9 Types of Popular Music A. Folk Music This refers to melodies and songs of the common people that are handed down from one generation to the next. In the 1960s and 1970s, folk music took on a new character. Example musicians are Bob Dylan, John Denver, James Taylor and the duo of Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel. Bob Dylan John Denver Paul Simon and Art James Taylor http://gg.gg/mos http://gg.gg/mos http://gg.gg/mos http://gg.gg/mos Listen to John Denver’s “Annie’s Song” at http://gg.gg/mou3c and to James Taylor’s “You’ve Got a Friend” at http://gg.gg/mou46. 13 B. Country and Western Music Kenny Rogers Johnny It is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States. It has roots Cash in traditional folk music and evolved rapidly in the 1920s. Country and Western music reflects the people’s life experiences and local settings. Among the pioneering country music artists are Johnny Cash, Loretta Lynn, Roy Rogers, Patsy Cline and Kenny Rogers. http://gg.gg/m http://gg.gg/m Listen to Johnny Cash’ “Riders in the Sky” at http://gg.gg/moud4 and Kenny Roger’s “Coward of the County” at http://gg.gg/moudu. C. Ballads The ballad originated as an expressive folk song in narrative verse with text dealing typically with love. The word derived both from the medieval French “chanson balladee” and “ballade” which refers to dancing song. Used by poets and composers since the 18th century, it became a slow popular love song in the 19 th century. Today, the term ballad refers to a love song in a slightly pop or rock style. http://gg.gg/moui1 Listen to Don McLean in his song “And I Love You So” at http://gg.gg/moug8. Frank Sinatra Nat King Cole D. Standards In music, the term “standard” is used to denote the most popular and enduring songs from a particular genre or style. Its style is mostly in a slow or moderate tempo with a relaxed mood. Among the foremost proponents of this style are Frank Sinatra and Nat King Cole. http://gg.gg/mot1 http://gg.gg/mot1 Listen to Frank Sinatra’s “The Way You Look Tonight” at http://gg.gg/moupr and Nat King Cole’s “Unforgettable” at http://gg.gg/mouqo. Elvis Presley The Beatles E. Rock and Roll Rock and roll was a hugely popular song form in the US during the late 1940s to the 1960s. It combined Afro-American forms such as the blues, jump blues, jazz and gospel music with Western swing and http://gg.gg/motxz http://gg.gg/mou0b country music. The greatest exponent of the rock and roll style was the legendary Elvis Presley. Presley’s style was the precursor to that of “the most commercially successful band in the history of popular music” known as The Beatles, whose compositions further boosted rock and roll as the favorite genre of the times. Listen to their songs at http://gg.gg/mouta for Presley’s “Jailhouse Rock” and http://gg.gg/mouuk for The Beatles’ “Love Me Do”. 14 F. Disco Music ABBA Bee Gees The 1970s saw the rise of another form of pop music known as “disco”. This music pertained to rock music that was more danceable, thus leading to the establishment of venues for public dancing also called discos. Superstars of http://gg.gg/mo disco music genre include Bee Gees; ABBA; w6s Donna Summer (“The Queen of Disco”), and http://gg.gg/mo Gloria Gaynor. wbe Listen to The Bee Gees, ABBA, and Donna Summer through the following links: o Bee Gees: “Night Fever” - http://gg.gg/mowyf o Abba: “Dancing Queen” - http://gg.gg/mowzt o Donna Summer: “Hot Stuff” - http://gg.gg/mowwl G. Pop Music Pop is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form during the mid-1950s in the United States and the United Kingdom. The terms popular music and pop music are often used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many different styles. Pop stars in more recent years include solo artists Celine Dion, Madonna, Whitney Houston, Britney Spears, Beyonce and many more. Perhaps the most popular solo performer of all time is Michael Jackson who was a former member of his family band “The Jackson 5”. Michael Jackson Madonna Whitney Houston Mariah Carey http://gg.gg/moy4o http://gg.gg/moybe http://gg.gg/moydb http://gg.gg/moyjw Enjoy listening to their songs through the links below: o Michael Jackson: “The Way You Make Me Feel” - http://gg.gg/moxug o Madonna: “Material Girl” - http://gg.gg/moylk o Mariah Carey: “All I Want for Christmas is You” - http://gg.gg/moyoh H. Hip Hop and Rap Music Eminem Hip hop music is a stylized, highly rhythmic type of music that usually (but not always) includes portions of rhythmically chanted words called “rap”. In rapping, the artist speaks along with an instrumental or synthesized beat. Among the famous rap artists are Beastie Boys, http://gg.gg/moyw1 Eminem, Kanye West, Cardi B and Nicki Minaj. Listen to Eminem’s “Lose Yourself” thru this link: http://gg.gg/moz25 15  What I Have Learned Did you enjoy listening to various genres of pop music? You may listen to more songs on the internet, television, or the radio to discover more on popular music. At this part, complete the sentences by adding your learnings from this lesson. 1. Popular music is ______________________________________________________. 2. The genres of popular music that I like are _____________________________. 3. I want to try making _______________music because ____________________. What I Can Do My Favorite Song Ask one family member about their favorite pop song. Record a video of them singing the song for 2-3 minutes. They may imitate the original singer’s signature moves while performing. Make a short introduction about the video. Submit the recorded video to your teacher through email or messenger. For printed modular learning students, you may just write the lyrics of your family member’s favorite song and write a 3-sentence explanation why this is his/her favorite song. Criteria for grading: Musicality 50 % Expression 20% Personality 20% Over-all Impact 10% 16  Assessment Let us see how much you remembered our lesson for Module 1. Read the items below carefully. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1. What music comprises various musical genres including the Cuban son motuno, guaracha, chachacha, mambo and bolero? A. Soul B. Jive C. Salsa D. Afrobeat 2. What is the fusion of West African with Black American music? A. Soul B. Jive C. Salsa D. Afrobeat 3. What is also known as “soul of calypso”? A. Soca B. Reggae C. Samba D. Apala 4. What Latin American dance form became a popular courtship dance with European and African instrumentation and characteristics? A. Rumba B. Tango C. Cumbia D. Chacha 5. What is a popular form of South African music featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance? A. Soca B. Jive C. Salsa D. Afrobeat 6. What was the popular music genre that has a combination of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues and often jazz? A. Soul B. Jive C. Salsa D. Afrobeat 7. Who is the “Godfather of Soul Music”? A. Ray Charles B. James Brown C. Jeff Baxter D. Sam Cooke 8. Who was the Brazilian composer known as the foremost figure in bossa nova? A. Bob Marley C. Carlos Jobim B. Antonio Dadap D.Vincius de Moraes 9. What term is used to denote the most popular and enduring songs from a particular genre or style? A. R & B B. Jazz C. Rock D. Standards 10. Who was the King of Ragtime? A. Scott Joplin B. Erik Satie C. Claude Debussy D. Jelly Roll Morton 11. Who was the best-known proponent of reggae music? A. Bob Marley B. Peter Tosh C. Jimmy Cliff D. Dennis Brown 12. Who is the first proponent of standard music who was also known as the Chairman of the Board? A. Paul Anka B. Bing Crosby C. Frank Sinatra D. Nat King Cole 13. Which of the songs below was popularized by singer-songwriter Nat King Cole? A. Unforgettable B. Annie’s Song C. Love Me Do D. Night Fever 14. What is a succession of two distinct phrases usually written in different parts of the music, where the second phrase is heard as a direct commentary on or in response to the first? A. Soul B. Spirituals C. Maracatu D. Call and response 15. What band was known as the most commercially successful band in the history of popular music? A. ABBA B. The Beatles C. Bee Gees D. Earth, Wind & Fire 17 References Books Raul M. Sunico, PhD, et..al. 2015. Horizons: Music and Arts Appreciation for Young Filipinos: Grade 10 Learner's Material pp.. Tawid Publications. Online References African Music Pics and Videos Retrieved on September 16, 2020, Retrieved from: Cape town African Abstract Painting https://www.africanoverlandtours.com/overland-africa-blog/cape-towns-top-10-art- galleries/ Afrobeat Dance: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LEuVP-du58 Afrobeat Pic: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/284571270191972486/ Apala Music Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lswSQuBPaJk Apala Pic: https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Yoruba_People Axe Video://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUR54P2ETyo Axe Pic: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ax%C3%A9_(music) Jive Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SO4O873MsXk Jive Pic: https://www.wikidancesport.com/wiki/41/jive Juju Dance: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S7uNBC6VEuA Juju Pic: https://wlcomesunshine.com/blogs/magazine/la-tendance-Juju-hat-ou- quand-la-deco-sempare-dune-tradition-tribale-camerounaise Kwassa Kwassa: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=arxHc7hU1Tg Kwassa Kwassa Pic: https://theproofthedance.wordpress.com/contact/ Marabi Video/Pic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EkZAEKbvfM Reggae Video/Pic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgKX3JMZbNw Salsa Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4MAFLeWY7c Salsa Pic: https://theislandjournal.com/2014/03/08/salsa-dancing/ African Samba: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQfIYCA57-M African Music Retrieved on: September 17, 2020, Retrieved from: Samba Pic: https://www.amazon.com/Feather-Brazil-Carnival-Costume- Samba/dp/B07V2PDT28 Soca Dance: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tuvt8kN5EXI Soca Dancer: https://www.mixcloud.com/djicenj/soca-calypso-mix-2019/ Were Pic: https://www.auralarchipelago.com/auralarchipelago/obrog Ray Charles Blues: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-Wi_-vdSAE Ray Charles Pic: https://www.investors.com/news/management/leaders-and- success/ray-charles-sang-the-blues-all-the-way-to-the-top-of-pop-music/ James Brown Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NNrucQcB8 James Brown Pic: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JamesBrownNY87.jpg Negro Spirituals: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epVJNoU1DEU Spirituals Pic: https://afram101autumn2015.wordpress.com/2015/11/20/wading- into-freedom-an-underground-negro-spiritual/ Call & Response: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmjuKRvdEM8 https://www.twenty20.com/photos/8f9bcc66-277d-40f2-9422-46582cb0a9c2 African Instruments Images Retrieved on: Sept. 30, 2020 from: Balafon: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/311663236696843193/ Shekere: https://www.pics4learning.com/details.php?img=afrrattles.jpg 18  For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education - Division of Cebu City Office Address: New Imus Avenue, Barangay Day-as, Cebu City Telephone Nos: (032) 255-1516/ (032) 328-8899 Email Address: [email protected]