Afro-Latin American and Popular Music - African Music PDF

AFRO- LATIN AMERICAN AND POPULAR MUSIC - MUSIC-QUARTER 2 - AFRICAN MUSIC LESSON 1 - MUSIC OF AFRICA - Music has been a vital part of the lives of Africans. - It was primarily performed during rituals in the monumental parts of their lives like birth, marriage, death and war. -...

AFRO- LATIN AMERICAN AND POPULAR MUSIC - MUSIC-QUARTER 2 - AFRICAN MUSIC LESSON 1 - MUSIC OF AFRICA - Music has been a vital part of the lives of Africans. - It was primarily performed during rituals in the monumental parts of their lives like birth, marriage, death and war. - MUSIC OF AFRICA - Music was usually performed with dancing as a part of gatherings whether it is social or political. - TRADITIONAL MUSIC OF AFRICA - African traditional music is mainly functional in nature and is used primarily in ceremonial rites, such as birth, death, marriage, worship, and spirit invocations. TRADITIONAL MUSIC OF AFRICA - Others are work related or social in nature, while many traditional societies view their music as a form of entertainment. - Polyrhythms, ostinato - the use of percussion - close connection with the music and language - participatory nature of the arts, - close connection with the performing arts - responsorial form - Some Types of African Music 1\. Afrobeat - It is a term used to describe the fusion of West African with Black American music. \- It is a musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style to wake up the worshippers after fasting during the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan. 3\. Axe - It is a popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil. It fuses the Afro-Caribbean styles of marcha, reggae, and calypso. 4\. Jit - It is a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on drums with guitar accompaniment influenced by mbira-based guitar styles. - Some Types of African Music - 5\. Jive - It is a popular form of South African music featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance. - Some Types of African Music 6\. Juju - It is a popular music style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms. A drum kit, keyboard, pedal steel guitar, and accordion are used along with the traditional dun-dun (talking drum or squeeze drum). - Some Types of African Music 7\. Kwassa Kwassa - In this dance style, the hips move back and forth while the arms move following the hips. - Some Types of African Music 8\. Marabi - It is a South African three-chord township music of the 1930s-1960 which evolved into African Jazz. It is characterized by simple chords in varying vamping patterns and repetitive harmony over an extended period of time. - VOCAL FORMS 1.Maracatu - It is the combination of strong rhythms of African percussion instruments and Portuguese melodies. This form of music is being paraded along the streets by up to 100 participants. - VOCAL FORMS 2\. Blues - It is one of the most widely performed musical forms of the late 19^th^ century. The melodies of blues are expressive and soulful. The slaves and their descendants used to sing these as they work in the fields. - VOCAL FORMS 3\. Soul - It is a popular music genre of the 1950\'s and 1960\'s which originated in the African American Community. - VOCAL FORMS 4\. Spiritual - It originated in the Unites States and created by African-American slaves. It is also known as \"Negro Spiritual. It became a means of imparting Christian values and a way of venting their hardships as slaves. - VOCAL FORMS 5\. Call and Response-it is likened to a question and answer sequence in human communication. - MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF AFRICA - Classification of Traditional African Instruments A. Idiophones - Sound is produced by the body of the instrument vibrating. - 1\. Agogo \- It is a single bell or multiple bells and is considered as the oldest samba instrument based on West African Yoruba single double bells. It has the highest pitch of any of the bateria instruments. - 2\. Shekere \- It Is a type of gourd and shell megaphone from West Africa, consisting of a dried gourd with beads woven into the covering the gourd. - 3\. Slit/Log drum \- It is a hollow percussion instrument. Although known as a drum, It is not a true drum but is an idiophone. It is usually cared or constructed from bamboo or wood into a box with one or more slits in the top. -. 4.Atingting Kon (Slit Gong) \- It is a hollowed cylinder of wood with a narrow longitudinal opening or slit whose edges are struck to produce a deep, sonorous tone, They are considered to be portrait ancestors so that when played, it is the voices of awakened ancestors which resonate from their interior chamber. - 5\. Balafon \- It is a kind of wooden xylophone or percussion idiophone which plays melodic tunes. It has been played in the region since the 1300s. - B. Membranophones \- Sound is produced by the vibration of a tightly stretched membrane. - 1\. Body percussion \- It refers to African music using their bodies as instruments. Their body can be used to produce sound by clapping their hands, slapping their thighs, pounding their upper arms chests, or shuffling their feet. Wearing of rattles or bells on their wrists, ankles, arms, and waists enhances their emotional response. - 2\. Talking drum -It is used to send messages to announce births, deaths, manages, sporting events, dances, initiations or warn believed that the drums can carry direct messages to the spirits after the death of a loved one. - 3\. Djembe -The West African djembe (pronounced zhem-bay) is one of the best-known African drums. It is shaped like a large goblet and played with bare hands. The body is carved from a hollowed trunk and is covered with goat skin. - C. Lamellaphone \- Sound is produced by the vibration of tongues of metal, wood or other material. - 1\. Mbira (Kalimba/ Thumb Piano) \- It is a set of plucked lines or keys mounted on a sound board. It is being played by holding the instrument in the hands and plucking the tines with the thumbs. They used this instrument to drive away evil spirits since it is believed was a vector of communication with ancestors and spirits. - 2\. Array Mbira \- It is a hand-crafted instrument with a unique harp or bell-like sound. It is a popular traditional instrument of the Shona people in Zimbabwe. It is a radical redesign of the African Mbira and it 150 metal tines attached to wooden board up comprising up to five octaves. - D. Chordophones Sound is produced by the vibration of a string or strings are stretched between fixed points. - 1\. musical bow -The Musical bow is the ancestor of all string instruments. It is the oldest and one of the most widely-used string instruments of Africa. It consists of a single string attached to each end of a curved stick, similar to a bow and arrow. - 2\. Zeze \- The Zeze is an African fiddle played with a bow, a small wooden stick, or plucked with the fingers. It has one or two strings made of steel or bicycle brake wire, It is from Sub-Saharan Africa. - E. Aerophones Sound is produced through the vibration of air. - 1\. Fulani \- It is a type of flute which is widely used throughout Africa and either vertical or side-blown. They are usually fashioned from a single tube closed at one end and blown like a bottle - 2\. Kudu Horn \- It is made from the horn of the kudu antelope. Its sound releases a mellow and warm sound that adds a unique African accent to their music. HEALTH RELATED LAWS - HEALTH QUARTER 2 - **1.Consumer Act of the Philippines\ (RA 7394)** - It is a national policy which aims to protect the interest of the consumers and buyers of products and services, promote consumers' general welfare, and to set and maintain standards of conduct for both the business and industrial sectors. - **2. Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of 1997 (RA 8423)** It is an act creating the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) to accelerate the development of traditional and alternative health care in the Philippines, providing for a traditional and alternative health care development fund and for other purposes. The policy also identifies medicinal plants in the country which are readily available. - 3\. Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012\ (RA 10354) The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012, also known as the Reproductive Health Law or RH Law, is a law in the Philippines that guarantees universal access to methods such as contraception, fertility control, sexual education, and maternal care. - Pillars of Reproductive Health The Responsible Parenthood - Pillar 1: INFORMED CHOICE To ensure the health of the mother and the child, an effective and quality reproductive healthcare services, which are ethically and medically safe, legal, accessible, and affordable, shall be given primacy to them. - **Pillar 2: RESPECT FOR LIFE** The Act recognizes that abortion is illegal and punishable by law. However, mothers who will be identified to have aborted an unborn child will be served with post-abortive treatment and counseling in a humane, nonjudgmental, and compassionate manner. - **Pillar 3: BIRTH CONTROL** Reproductive healthcare, information, and supplies shall be made available most especially to poor beneficiaries. However, the Act also provides that the government must respect the citizen's individual preferences and choices of family planning method. - **Pillar 4: RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD** Couples determine their ideal family size. In addition, the government shall equip each parent with needed information in all aspects of family life, reproductive health, and this pillar. - What is a FAMILY PLANNING? Family planning is a means to improve the quality of life of every Filipino. Couples decide when to have the next baby and use responsible means to achieve their desired number of children. - What is a FAMILY PLANNING? The program also provides access to a full range of safe, affordable, non-abortifacient modern and natural methods of pregnancy planning. Family planning is a personal matter. The husband and wife must decide on the family planning method best suited to their health, religion, and resources. - **What is Responsible Parenthood?** Parents do the following: ⮚ respond to the needs and aspirations of the family and children. ⮚ determine and plan the desired number, spacing, and timing of their children based on their health status, sociocultural and economic concerns, and religious convictions. ⮚ plan and work to meet the goals of their family. Parenthood is about raising children and supporting their needs financially, morally, teaching them good values, and giving them love and care. It is one of the most important duties in our society. Parenthood is a great responsibility or task. It is not a role which can be successfully played based on chance. It is a status which a responsible couple can arrive at after deciding to have a family. - Couples should be aware that parenthood entails great responsibilities. They should consider the three Rs before becoming parents: 1. the Reason for wanting a child 2. The Resources needed to raise a child, 3. the Responsibilities as parents. - What are the responsibilities of parents? ❖ Provide physical care ❖ Inculcate discipline ❖ Develop social competence ❖ Encourage learning ❖ Give opportunities for education and self-development - What are the responsibilities of parents? ❖ Inculcate values ❖ Provide economic security ❖ Teach self-discipline and self-control with effective discipline ❖ Give love and affection ❖ Teach with a positive attitude - 4\. Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998 (RA 8504) RA 8504 is an act promulgating policies and prescribing measures for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines, instituting a nationwide HIV/AIDS Information and Education Program, establishing a comprehensive HIV/AIDS monitoring system, strengthening the Philippine National Aids Council, and for other purposes. - Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) It is a viral infection that attacks and slowly destroys the immune system of the infected person that leads to "immune deficiency". - What is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)? It is a condition characterized by a combination of signs and symptoms, caused by HIV contracted from another person. AIDS attacks and weakens the body's immune system, making the person who contracted the disease susceptible to other life-threatening infections. - How do you get or transmit HIV? You can only get HIV by coming into direct contact with certain body fluids from a person with HIV. These fluids are: Blood Semen Rectal fluids Vaginal fluids Breastmilk - HIV is transmitted by: Unprotected sex Passing from infected mother to baby Sharing contaminated injecting equipment Contaminated blood transfusion - HIV is NOT acquired or transmitted by: - Insect bites - Toilet seats - Kissing - Sharing eating utensils - Touching - 5\. National Blood Services Act of 1994 (RA 7719) Republic Act No. 7719 promotes voluntary blood donation to provide sufficient supply of safe blood and to regulate blood banks. - 6\. Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012\ (RA 10175) **The act aims to address legal issues concerning online interactions. With the advancement of technology, there are various platforms where you may express yourself. This may do both good and harm to you.** - 7\. Anti-Child Pornographic Act of 2009 (Republic Act No.9775) The act protects every child from all forms of exploitation and abuse including, but not limited to: the use of a child in pornographic performances and materials. - 8\. Anti-Hazing Law (RA No. 8949) The act penalizes those who will go too far during initiation rites wherein the applicant is subjected to severe physical and emotional pain and suffering. - 9\. National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008\ (RA No. 9512) This act provides for the promotion of environmental awareness through environmental education which shall encompass environmental concepts and principles, environmental laws, the state of international and local environment, local environmental best practices, the threats of environmental degradation and its impact on human well-being, the responsibility of the citizenry to the environment and the value of conservation, protection and rehabilitation of natural resources and the environment. - 10\. Seat Belts Use Act of 1999\ (RA No. 8750) The policy includes the mandatory wearing of seat belt devices by the drivers and front seat passengers of private and public motor vehicles. - 11\. Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 (RA No. 9165) The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 (RA No. 9165) safeguards the well-being of its citizenry, particularly the youth, from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs on their physical and mental well-being, and to defend the same against acts or omissions detrimental to their development and preservation. In view of the foregoing, the State needs to enhance further the efficacy of the law against dangerous drugs, it being one of today's more serious social ills. - Here are some unlawful acts are subject to penalties and fines: ⮚ Importing of dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential chemicals. ⮚ Selling, trading, administering, dispensing, delivering, distributing, and transporting dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential chemicals. ⮚ Manufacturing of dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential chemicals. - Here are some unlawful acts are subject to penalties and fines: ⮚ Manufacturing or delivery of equipment, instrument, apparatus, or other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential chemicals. ⮚ Possessing dangerous drugs, equipment, instrument, apparatus, or other paraphernalia. ⮚ Possessing dangerous drugs during parties, social gatherings or meetings. ⮚ Cultivating or culturing plants classified as dangerous drugs or sources of such. ⮚ Unnecessary prescribing dangerous drugs. **PHYSICAL EDUCATION** **YOGA** Yoga is a physical activity consisting mainly of postures, often connected by flowing sequences, sometimes accompanied by breathing exercises, and frequently ending with relaxation lying down or meditation. **Benefits of Yoga Exercise**  It increases respiratory efficiency.  It is a good form of meditation.  Tt improves posture and balance.  It tests mental endurance and physical stamina.  It increases one's endurance and energy.  It is a best way to build core strength.  It decreases anxiety and depression.  It increases one's flexibility and is good for muscle toning.  It is relaxing, it has slow dynamic and static movements.  It has a low risk of injuring the muscles and the ligaments.  It improves one's memory, concentration, mood, and self-actualization. Eight Foundation Postures 1\. Downward Facing Dog Position  Stand with your feet hip distance apart on a yoga mat with your arms at your sides  Keep your back straight, hinge forward at the waist and plant your palms flat on the floor, fingers pointing forward and spread apart. If necessary, bend your knees.  Press your chest toward your knees, keep your eyes focused on your toes and press your heels toward the floor. 2\. Mountain Pose  Stand on the yoga mat with your feet together.  Gently rock back and forth on the balls of your feet and your heels to spread your weight evenly across the base of your feet.  Bend your knees slightly and then straighten them again to help loosen your joints.  Curl your pelvic bone up slightly so that your tailbone continues the straight line of your spine. Your goal is to align your hips so that you're not putting any extra pressure on your back or your knees.  Extend your spine upward by lifting the chest away from the stomach. Lengthen the back of your neck and press down into the floor with your feet and rest in this neutral position.  Raise your arms to the ceiling and gaze forward. 3\. Warrior Pose I\  Step your left foot toward the back of your mat to come into warrior pose. Bring the left heel to the floor and turn the left toes out to about a 45- degree angle. Begin to bend the right knee over the right ankle.  Inhale while bringing your arms up over your head. The arm position can vary according to the mobility in your shoulders.  The classic position is with the palms touching overhead. However, you may choose to keep the palms separated at shoulder's distance apart or even bend at the elbows and open your arms like a cactus 4\. Warrior Pose II  Step or lightly jump with your feet 3-1/2 to 4 feet apart. Turn your left foot out by 90 degrees, the heel should be opposite your right arch. Raise your arms out to the sides, parallel to the floor, shoulders down palms facing the ground.  Exhale and bend your left knee over the left ankle, so that the shin is perpendicular to the floor.  Stretch the arms with the shoulder blades parallel to the floor. Keep the sides of the torso and the shoulders directly over the pelvis. Press the tailbone slightly toward the pubis. Turn the head to the left and look over your fingers.  Maintain the position for 30 seconds to 1 minute. Inhale as you come up. Repeat using the right foot. 5\. Extended Side Angle  From the downward facing dog position, bring your right foot to the front of your mat, placing it on the inside side of your right hand.  Anchor your left heel down to the floor. Angle your heel toward the center of your mat.  Bend your right knee so that your calf and thigh form a right angle with your thigh parallel to the floor.  Bring your gaze up towards your right hand. To keep the body in balance, repeat with your left foot. 6.Triangle Pose  Stand 3-1/2 to 4 feet apart. Hips are facing to the front. Stretch your body upward, then bending downward from the waist to the front of your hips.  Turn your right leg, including your thigh, knee and foot out by 90 degrees and left foot by 15 degrees.  Raise your arms to shoulder level with your palms facing down towards the floor.  Place your right hand on your right shin, as far down as you can reach comfortably.  Raise your left arm towards the ceiling, with your palm facing forward. Gaze at your outstretched hand.  As you inhale, come up, bring your arms down to your sides and straighten your feet. Repeat on the other side. 7\. Cat-Cow Stretch  Begin with your hands and knees on the floor, palms facing downward, with shoulders directly over the wrists, and hips directly over the knees.  Curl your toes under to stretch your foot arches. Inhale and slowly arch your back (Cow), lifting the chest up and away from the abdomen and extending your tailbone toward the ceiling.  Release your feet to neutral so the tops are resting on the floor. On the exhale, round the lower back (Cat), gently contracting the abdomen. Repeat six times and increase your range of motion with each repetition. 8\. Staff Pose  Sit with your legs straight out in front of you on the floor. The feet are hips-width apart.  Activate the leg muscles by pressing out through the ball of the foot with the inner and outer heel. Drop the shoulder blades down the back.  Inhale and lengthen the spine all the way up the crown of the head.  Tuck your chin in slightly. Stretch the abdominal muscles away from the lift of the chest. Bring the gaze directly in front of you and breathe normally