Purposive Communication PDF

**PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION** **Communication** is a process of exchanging verbal and non-verbal messages. It is a **continuous** process. **Components of Communication Process** - **Context** - Communication is always affected by context; it may be physical, social, chronological or cultural...

**PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION** **Communication** is a process of exchanging verbal and non-verbal messages. It is a **continuous** process. **Components of Communication Process** - **Context** - Communication is always affected by context; it may be physical, social, chronological or cultural. The sender chooses the message to communicate *within a context*. - **Sender/Encoder** - It is a person who **sends** or **encodes** the message. They may be an individual or a group or an organization. - **Receiver/Decoder** -- It is the person that will **receive** and **decode** the message. The degree to which the decoder understands the message is dependent to certain factors. - **Message** - It is the **key idea** that the sender wants to communicate. It may or may not elicit a response from the receiver. It must be ensured that the *main objective* of the message is **clear**. - **Medium** - Medium is the **means** by which the sender and receiver are exchanging the message. It must be an *appropriate medium* or else the message may not be conveyed to the desired recipients. - **Feedback** - It is the **response of the receiver** after they have received and decoded the message. It helps the sender in confirming the correct interpretation of message by the decoder. **Types of Communicative Strategies** 1. **Nomination** - A speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and productively **establish** a topic. This strategy is used to **open** a topic and **start** a conversation and is usually employed at the **beginning** of an interaction to set the purpose of the conversation. 2. **Restriction** - In communication, this refers to any limitations you may have as a speaker. It is a strategy used when responses need to be **within the set categories or instructions**. These instructions **confine** you as a speaker and **limit** what you can say. 3. **Turn-taking** - It pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the conversational floor. Turn-taking strategy allows all participants in the conversation a **chance** to speak. You can use this strategy to *avoid taking over the whole* conversation. 4. **Topic Control** - Topic control covers how a conversation can continue to the original topic after deviating. This is a strategy used when there is a need to control **and prevent unnecessary interruptions** and **topic shifts** in a certain conversation. Using this strategy makes the conversation to *stay focused on the topic* throughout the discussion 5. **Topic Shifting** - Topic shifting involves moving from one topic to another. This strategy is used to **change the topic** to a new one which helps communication keep going. 6. **Repair** - Repair refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they encounter in a conversation. Repair is the self-righting mechanism in any social interaction. You may **change the way** you say a message or **repeat the message** to repair the conversation. 7. **Termination** - Termination refers to the conversation participants' close-initiating expressions that end a topic in a conversation. This strategy is used to **end** an interaction or close a topic. **Factors of Communication** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Language Form** | This refers to the formality or | | | informality of the language used. | | | | | | **Formal language** is used when | | | talking with professionals or | | | persons in authority in a formal, | | | official or ceremonial occasion, | | | situation, gathering or event. | | | | | | **Informal language**, on the | | | other hand, is casual and mostly | | | not well-thought-of or prepared | | | because it is used to communicate | | | with people with whom you have | | | close association with like | | | parents, siblings and friends. | +===================================+===================================+ | **Duration of Interaction** | This refers to the amount of time | | | a conversation takes between and | | | among communicators. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Relationship of Speaker** | This refers to the speech style | | | used by the speaker suited to | | | his/her relationship to the | | | person with whom he/she is | | | communicating. | | | | | | **Intimate** -- the speaker talks | | | to family members, best friends | | | or romantic partners. This may | | | comprise private conversations or | | | personal interactions. | | | | | | **Frozen** -- the speaker | | | addresses an audience in a formal | | | gathering such as ceremonial | | | events. The style is "set" or | | | "fixed" and thus, it rarely or | | | never changes. | | | | | | **Consultative** -- the speaker | | | communicates with a person whom | | | he/she may have to clarify | | | things, discuss a problem, or | | | seek advice. | | | | | | **Casual** -- the speaker shares | | | close and personal information | | | with friends, classmates or | | | colleagues. This ordinarily | | | occurs in everyday life. | | | | | | **Formal** -- the speaker has to | | | deliver a pre-planned or written | | | speech to address a crowd of | | | people such as giving opening | | | remarks during a seminar, or the | | | president making a public | | | announcement or delivering SONA. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Message** | This involves the content of the | | | message. The message may be | | | facts, opinion, feelings, order, | | | suggestions, and questions. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Delivery** | This refers to the manner of | | | delivery involving verbal and | | | nonverbal cues made by the | | | speaker. Delivery can be | | | classified as: | | | | | | 1\. **Extemporaneous** -- | | | speaking with limited | | | preparation and guided by notes | | | or outline; | | | | | | 2\. **Impromptu** -- speaking | | | without advanced preparation or | | | unrehearsed speech; | | | | | | 3\. **Memorized** -- planned and | | | rehearsed speech; | | | | | | 4\. **Manuscript** -- reading | | | aloud a written message. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **SPEECH ACTS** **Utterance (Locutionary Act)** -- The message that the person will say. **Intention (Illocutionary Act)** -- The intention behind the message sent. **Response (Perlocutionary Act)** -- The actual action after the utterance. Example: [You want to ask for a pen next to your seatmate].\ 1. "May I use your pen?" (Locutionary Act)\ 2. The person wants to use the recipient's pen. (Illocutionary Act)\ 3. The person hands over the pen to the sender (Perlocutionary Act) **Tips for improving the communication process** - **Simplify your message:** In order to ensure your message is properly understood, you should keep your language **simple** and to the point. - **Know your audience:** It\'s also important to consider the **audience** **that will receive** your message as well as their needs and interests. - **Be a good listener:** As a communicator, it\'s important to **actively listen to what those around you are saying**. This will ensure that you\'re sending the right message. - **Ask questions:** It\'s also important to **ask good questions** to keep the communication flowing. Make sure your questions are insightful and engaging. - **Take the time to respond:** When communicating, it\'s important to **consider how you might reply** to a person to ensure you know what you want to say. - **Consider your body language:** If you\'re communicating through a different medium, it\'s important to **be mindful of your body language**. In addition, be aware of the body language of the person you\'re communicating with, as well. - **Maintain eye contact:** It\'s also important to **make eye contact with the person or group you\'re communicating with**. This will show that you\'re actively listening to who you\'re communicating with. - **Clarify your message if needed:** If the recipient of your message is unclear about what you\'re trying to say, it\'s important to **clarify your message**. This will help them to better understand you. **REFERENCE(S)** *Components of communication process*. (n.d.). *Steps and Components of the Communication Process*. (n.d.). Indeed. Oral Communication Modules