Communication in Nursing PDF

Communication in Nursing 1-Explain The Process of Communication 2-Discuss Principles of Communication 3- Explore Purpose of Communication 4-Describe The Modes of Communication 5-Mention Characteristics and ways of Effective Communication 6- Explore Barrier of Effective Communication 7-Discuss The T...

Communication in Nursing 1-Explain The Process of Communication 2-Discuss Principles of Communication 3- Explore Purpose of Communication 4-Describe The Modes of Communication 5-Mention Characteristics and ways of Effective Communication 6- Explore Barrier of Effective Communication 7-Discuss The Types of Communication 1.Introduction 2.Principles of communication 4.Purpose of communication 5.Modes of Communication 6.Characteristics and ways of Effective Communication 7.Barriers to effective communication 8.Types of communication 9- nursing patient relationship 10- role of nursing inpatient teaching 9.Conclusion  Communication skills for nurses are essential but may be difficult to master. Communication is the exchange of information between people by sending and receiving it through speaking, writing or by using any other medium. Clear communication means that information is conveyed effectively between people. To be a successful nurse, excellent communication skills are required  Nurses speak to people of varying educational, cultural and social backgrounds and must do so in an effective, caring and professional manner, especially when communicating with patients and their families. The quality of communication in interactions between nurses and patients has a major influence on patient outcomes. This influence can play a very important role in areas such as patient health, education and adherence. Good communication plays an important role in the organization’s effective functioning Patient Care Model  Communication is a process  Communication is not linear, but circular  Communication is complex  Communication is irreversible  Communication involves the total personality Sender - the one who conveys the message to another person. Message - the thought, idea, or emotion conveyed. Channel - how the message is sent. Receiver - physiological/ psychological components. Feedback - the receiver’s response to the sender. Influences - Culture, education, emotions and other factors involved. The purpose of Communication 1 Building Relationships 2 Resolving Conflicts Communication is the Open and effective foundation for building communication is essential strong relationships. It for resolving conflicts. It allows us to connect with allows us to understand others, understand their different perspectives, perspectives, and foster identify common ground, mutual trust. and find mutually acceptable solutions. 3 Achieving Goals Effective communication is vital for achieving both individual and team goals. It facilitates collaboration, sharing information, and coordinating efforts toward a common objective.  Modes of Communication Medium Barrier SENDER RECEIVER (encodes) (decodes) Barrier Feedback/Response Verbal Communication Members of the multi-disciplinary healthcare team communicate verbally with one another and with patients as well as family members.  spoken and written word  Tone  Volume  Cadence (rate of speech)  Cultural differences  Jargon (use of idioms not known to all cultures) All behaviors that express messages without the use of words  Body movement  Physical appearance  Personal space  Touch  Body language (Should be consistent with spoken word)  Cultural considerations  Emotive tone in speech  Timing of speech  Advantages ◦ Fast ◦ Efficient ◦ Legible ◦ Improves communication, continuity of care  Disadvantages ◦ Client confidentiality risk ◦ Socioeconomics  Do not use e-mail ◦ Urgent information  Jeopardy to client’s health ◦ Highly confidential information ◦ Abnormal lab data  Other guidelines ◦ Agency-specific standards and guidelines ◦ Part of medical record  Consent, identify as confidential  Does not convey nonverbal cues  Same as verbal AND  Appropriate language and terminology  Correct grammar, spelling, punctuation  Logical organization  Appropriate use and citation of resources  Complete Communicate all relevant information Clear Convey information that is plainly understood Brief Communicate the information in a concise manner Timely Offer and request information in an appropriate timeframe Verify authenticity Validate or acknowledge information  Congruency of Messages -Verbal and nonverbal communication must be congruent, or in agreement.  Active Listening-hear message, decode meaning, and convey understanding. Active listening takes energy and concentration  Listening and Observing are the most valuable skills a nurse can have. These two skills are used to gather the subjective and objective data for the nursing assessment  Interviewing—gather information in a systematic conversation  Acceptance and respect  Asking open questions  Empathy (the capacity to understand another’s feelings)  Clarifying—put vague ideas into words or asking the client to explain  Paraphrase—put into your own words without changing meaning  Reflecting—clarify the client’s feeling and affirm acceptance  Restate—clarifying information  Therapeutic silence—encourage verbal description  Summarizing  Noise  Inappropriate medium  Assumptions/Misconceptions  Emotions  Language differences  Poor listening skills  Distractions  Closed questions.  False reassurance.  Judgmental responses.  Defensive reflex.  Agreeing/Disagreeing or Approving/ Disapproving.  Giving advice.  Requesting an explanation.  Changing the subject.  There several types of communication: social, therapeutic, and formal  Formal communication: consists of written massage (lectures, reports, charting in patient’s record and public speaking)  Interdisciplinary communication: consists of patient and all medical personnel involved in providing care.  Therapeutic communication: establishing nurse-patient relationship to improve patients ability to function. Sometimes called effective communication, it is purposeful and goal-oriented, creating a beneficial outcome for the client  Interactive process between nurse, client  Helps client overcome temporary stress ◦ To get along with other people ◦ Adjust to the unalterable ◦ Overcome psychological blocks  Established with purpose of helping client  Nurse responds to content ◦ Verbal, nonverbal  Empathizing ◦ Empathy is process  People feel with one another  Embrace attitude of person who is speaking  Grasp idea that what client has to say important ◦ NOT synonymous with sympathy ◦ Interprets clients feelings without inserting own  Note: Sympathy is more of a feeling of pity for another. Empathy is our ability to understand how someone feels while sympathy is our relief in not having the same problems. ◦ Intellectual and emotional bond ◦ Focused on client ◦ Respects client as individual ◦ Respects client confidentiality ◦ Focuses on client’s well-being ◦ Based on mutual trust, respect, acceptance  Listen actively  Help identify the client’s feelings  Be empathetic, honest, genuine, and credible  Use ingenuity  Be aware of cultural differences  Maintain confidentiality  Know your role and your limitations  Orientation : Fairly short; expectations clarified; mutual goals set  Working :Major portion of the interaction; used to accomplish goals outlined in introduction; feedback from client essential.  Termination :Nurse asks if client has questions; summarizing the topic is another way to indicate clos  Learn about the client and any concerns or needs Roles are defined Collect information Establish goals Clarify misunderstandings Establish rapport  Client and nurse are ready to work toward reaching set goals Client anxiety is reduced by the nurse’s nonjudgmental, supportive approach Client is able to respond and participate in plan of care  Examine and evaluate relationship  Review goals and results  Say good bye  SBAR provides A framework for health care team members to effectively communicate information to one another Communicate the following information: Situation―What is going on with the resident? Background―What is the clinical background or context? Assessment―What do I think the problem is? Recommendation―What would I recommend? Importance of Patient E ducation Pain Management Medication Instructions Open Communication E xpectations and Options R ecovery Patients need clear Patients should feel Patients should be informed instructions on how to take comfortable communicating Patients should be informed about different pain relief their medications, potential their pain levels and about what to expect during options, their benefits, and side effects, and when to concerns to their healthcare their recovery and how to risks. seek help. providers. manage their pain effectively.  Promoting effective communication in health care is demanding and challenging because of the nature of the work environment. Nurses should communicate effectively and show increased confidence in communicating with patients. Many nurses choose to work in other countries, providing an opportunity to broaden their experience and knowledge. However, it is important that nurses who have the opportunity to work in other countries develop communication skills.