PT720 Applied Biomechanics Gait Analysis - West Coast University PDF

GAIT ANALYSIS PT720 Applied Biomechanics West Coast University DPT James E. Taylor PT, DPT, OCS, COMT October 22, 2024  LEARNING OBJECTIVES Be able to differentiate the different phases of gait when observing video Develop an understanding of the ROM and torq...

GAIT ANALYSIS PT720 Applied Biomechanics West Coast University DPT James E. Taylor PT, DPT, OCS, COMT October 22, 2024  LEARNING OBJECTIVES Be able to differentiate the different phases of gait when observing video Develop an understanding of the ROM and torque requirements at each joint within the normal gait cycle Develop familiarity with viewing the gait cycle in real time to help inform your evaluation of subjects  GAIT – STANCE OR SWING Gait is a 50-50 split between two phases: stance and swing o Stance  Reference limb remains in contact with the ground o Swing  Reference limb is traveling through the air  PHASES OF GAIT Standard Breakdown Functional Breakdown Initial Contact Weight Acceptance Loading Response Mid Stance Single Limb Support Terminal Stance Pre-Swing Initial Swing Swing Limb Advancement Mid Swing Late Swing  INITIAL CONTACT The instant the foot hits the floor and the body’s reaction to weight transfer Takes up 0 – 2 % of the gait cycle Functional Objective o Initiates stance phase with a heel rocker o Helps to decelerate impact INITIAL CONTACT – ROM AND TORQUES Joint ROM Ankle Neutral Knee 5 deg flex Hip 20 deg flex Pelvis 5 deg post tilt Joint Torque Ankle Plantarflexion Knee Extension Hip Flexion  LOADING RESPONSE Follows initial contact and continues until the other limb leaves the ground for swing phase 2 – 12% of the gait cycle Objectives o Shock absorption o Weight-bearing stability o Maintains progression LOADING RESPONSE – ROM AND TORQUES Joint ROM Ankle 5 deg PF Knee 15 deg flex Hip 20 deg flex Pelvis 5 deg post tilt Joint Torque Ankle Plantarflexion Knee Flexion Hip Flexion + ADD  MID STANCE First portion of the single limb stance interval Begins with C/L limb initiating swing phase and ends when BW aligned over forefoot 12 – 31% of the gait cycle Objectives o Progression over stationary foot o Limb and trunk stability  MID STANCE – ROM AND TORQUE Joint ROM Ankle 5 deg DF Knee 5 deg flex Hip Neutral Pelvis Neutral Joint Torque Ankle Dorsiflexion Knee Extension Hip Extension + ADD  TERMINAL STANCE 2nd portion of the single limb stance interval Begins when heel rises off floor and continues to initial contact of C/L limb 31 – 50% of the gait cycle Objectives o Body progression beyond the supporting foot o Limb and trunk stability  TERMINAL STANCE – ROM AND TORQUE Joint ROM Ankle 10 deg DF + 30 deg MTP ext Knee 5 deg flex Hip Neutral Pelvis Neutral Joint Torque Ankle Dorsiflexion Knee Extension Hip Extension + ADD  PRE SWING 2nd double stance interval in the gait cycle Begins with initial contact of C/L limb and ends with toe off 50 – 62% of the gait cycle Objectives o Position the limb for swing phase o Accelerates progression  PRE SWING – ROM AND TORQUES Joint ROM Ankle 15 deg PF + 60 deg MTP ext Knee 40 deg flex Hip 10 deg ext Pelvis 5 deg ant tilt Joint Torque Ankle ↓ Dorsiflexion Knee Flexion Hip ↓ Extension  INITIAL SWING First phase of swing, ~1/3 of the swing phase Begins with foot clearance  swing foot is opposite stance foot 62 – 75% of the gait cycle Objectives o Foot clearance from the floor o Limb advancement from the trailing limb position  INITIAL SWING – ROM AND TORQUES Joint ROM Ankle 5 deg DF Knee 60 deg flex Hip 15 deg flex Pelvis 5 deg ant tilt Joint Torque Ankle Low PF Knee Flexion Hip ↓ Extension  MID SWING Middle 1/3 of the swing cycle Begins with swing foot opposite stance limb and ends with swing foot forward and tibia vertical 75 – 87% of gait cycle Objectives o Limb advancement o Foot clearance  MID SWING – ROM AND TORQUES Joint ROM Ankle Neutral Knee 25 deg flex Hip 25 deg flex Pelvis Neutral Joint Torque Ankle Low PF Knee Extension Hip ↑ Hip Flexion  LATE SWING Late 1/3 of swing cycle Begins with vertical tibia  heel contact 87 – 100% of gait cycle Objectives o Complete limb advancement o Prepare limb for stance phase  LATE SWING – ROM AND TORQUES Joint ROM Ankle Neutral Knee  Neutral  5 deg flex Hip 20 deg flex Pelvis 5 deg post tilt Joint Torque Ankle ↓ PF  0 Knee Extension Hip ↓ Hip Flexion