Psychosocial Perspective in Gender and Sexuality PDF

- represents connection or affection, or bond - represents a deeper, more intimate level of affection - it suggests growing closeness and care between two people - signifies a strong bond, trust, firm connection or commitment  -it symbolizes...

- represents connection or affection, or bond - represents a deeper, more intimate level of affection - it suggests growing closeness and care between two people - signifies a strong bond, trust, firm connection or commitment  -it symbolizes the progression of relationships.  Relationships begin with light connections (TOUCH),  Gradually develop into deeper emotional and physical intimacy (CARESS), and  May eventually lead to lasting commitments (HOLD)  LOVE, INTIMACY, AND RELATIONSHIP  LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Discuss the psychosocial dimensions of gender and sexuality; 2. Reflect upon one's responsibility in ensuring psychological wellness in the aspect of gender and development; 3. Define what is love, intimacy, and relationship;  LEARNING OBJECTIVES 4. Discuss the different theories of love; 5. Explain the five (5) stages of an intimate relationship; 6. Reflect upon one’s attitude towards love, intimacy, and relationship.  DEFINITION OF TERMS Psychology - is a field of science that concerns how people think and feel and how thoughts and feelings interact and lead to behavior. Psychological - pertains to anything associated with mental processes and behaviour.  3 PRIMARY PSYCHOLOGICAL DOMAINS AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITIVE  DEFINITION OF TERMS Sociology - is a field of science that concerns itself with the human person's realities and experience as a part of groups and institution. Psychosocial - a term for psychological and social factors and the interaction of these factors.  PSYCHOSOCI AL Psychosocial Perspective - the perspective of exploring and understanding human sexuality in the lens of psychological social processes. Psychological - pertains to anything associated with mental process and behaviour. Social - pertains to anything associated with human relationship, connection, and interaction.  UNDERSTANDING THE PSYCHOSOCIAL DIMENSION 3 PRIMARY PSYCHOLOGICAL DOMAINS: There are many ways through which the psychosocial dimension of gender and sexuality can be understood and explained. Our experience in gender and sexuality is generally a relational experience. It is relational because while as individuals, we have our own affect, cognition, and AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION behavior to be aware of, we are also viewing ourselves in relation to others who also have their own personal preoccupations. AWARENESS is the state or ability to perceive, to feel, or to be conscious of events, objects or sensory patterns. SELF AWARENESS is the ability to focus on yourself and how your actions, thoughts or emotion do or don't align with your internal standards. OTHER AWARENESS (understanding others) involves the skills of observing, recognizing and understanding the basic wants, expectations and feelings that other people have.  WELL-BEING AS A PSYCHOSOCIA L GOAL PSYCHOSOCIA L WELL-BEING incorporates the physical, economic, social, mental, emotional, culture, and spiritual determinants of health.  DIMENSIONS OF WELL- BEING health Physical - physical body/biological Emotional - positive feelings; mood stability Mental - clarity of mind; healthy thoughts process Material - available and adequate financial; other resources Social - healthy and positive interaction and relationship with others. LOVE, INTIMACY AND RELATIONSHIP LOVE  LOVE AS A HUMAN EXPERIENCE Love is a human experience differently defined and conceptualized. LOVE AS A CULTURE UNIVERSAL is a phenomenon experienced similarly by people across time, and cultures. A universal human emotion that can be expressed in multiple cultural forms.  LOVE AS A SOCIAL PHENOMENON Social phenomena are events or experiences that ensue within our interaction and relationship with other people. Loving entails COMMUNICATION –the process of giving and receiving information between and among people.  LOVE AS AN EMOTION Emotions are physiological responses that we evaluate psychologically as we experience particular life events. There are basic emotions such as joy, sadness, fear, disgust, and anger among others.  LOVE AS A NEUROBIOLOGICAL EVENT Is a complex neurobiological event that involves various processes in the brain. From a neurobiological perspective, love can be understood as an intricate interplay of various brain regions. THEORIZI NG LOVE Love is a rather complex idea, can be described, defined and experienced in myriad ways, several theories and framework offer diverse perspective on how it can be understood and explained.  TRIANGULAR MODEL OF LOVE One of the most popular theories of love is the triangular model by Sternberg, a psychologist. This theory looks at love from a psychometric stance.  THE 3 INTERLOCKING DIMENSIONS OF PASSION LOVE INTIMACY COMMITMENT refers to physical psychological/ agency and emotional rational component aspects. aspect. TYPES OF LOVE When do you feel loved by other people? How do you naturally show love to others?  LOVE LANGUAGES Gary Chapman suggested that there are various ways through which we give and receive love. Which he referred as love languages.  FIVE LOVE LANGUAGES -WORD OF AFFIRMATION: verbally express their thoughts and feelings of love towards the people they love. -TOUCH: express their love non verbally -TIME: value quality time with their loved ones.  FIVE LOVE LANGUAGES -GIFTS: show and receive affection through material things. -ACTS OF SERVICE: help and support the people they love. INTIMACY RELATIONSHIP Love and Intimate Relationshi p Acquaintance Isntimate human relationship start in acquaintances. We meet up through circumstances and first learn about basic information about one another. Crucial at this stage is attraction. Build up Some acquaintances build up into deeper relationship. Frequency of interaction increases. This is the stage when two persons tests their boundaries. Consolidation or Continuation This stage is when people commit to a long term relationship with one another (either through a personal agreement or a social-legal agreement (i.e., marriage)). Decline or Deterioration Unfortunately, some intimate relationships are unable to sustain and maintain their commitments or attraction. There is already a change in priorities between the individual couple, and conjoint value of relationships is not anymore sufficient. Ending Finally, for those intimate partnership who are unable to address the causes and circumstances leading to the deterioration of their relationship, the stages culminate into ending or Termination of contracts. George Levinger postulated that there are 5 stages of intimate relationships go through: 1. Acquaintances 2. Buildup 3. Consolidation or Continuation 4. Deterioration or decline 5. Ending  SEX AND SENSES PRESENTED BY: Jenny Rose Comboy Katrina Reontare  There are five bodily FIRST is sense of organs sight (visual), so that we are able to see visual stimuli in the environment. SECOND is the sense of smell (olfaction), so that we are able to experience sound scent. THIRD is sense of hearing (auditory), so that we are able to experience sounds to varying tones, pitches, and volume. FOURTH sense of taste(gustation), so that we are able to experience the taste (e.g.. saltness, sweetness, bitterness, etc.) of our food and other objects we put in our mouth. FIFTH is Touch/feeling so that we able to have tactile experiences, e.g., heat or its absence, various texture, various physical pressure  HUMAN AFFECT AND THE SENSES Interestingly, while human being hailed as rational beings who are constantly making choices and are behaving through a set of rational choice made from higher order thinking, it is hypothesized that our aff ect (emotions and feelings) actually play a major role in our behaviors. Affective Primary Hypothesis ( Zajonc 1980) Postulates that in many cases, cognitive processing plays a lesser role compared to our emotional response in eliciting behavior.By virtue of this hypothesis, by default, our emotion take precedent primary because these are only processed and modulated by the limbic system the emotional part of our brain which is more primitive compared to the ones responsible for higher order thinking ( neocortex SENSES AND SEXUALITY  VISUAL EXPERIENCE Human are predominantly visual. Our societies highly rely on visual culture to create meaning and convey information. For Instance, our language has a visual component as observing our writing systems. Walking down the streets, you will see a lot of signs which directs you what to do or not do. You will see signage placed on business establishments to tell you where to buy your groceries, ask for medical help or to school. These only show that visuals culture is an essentials elements of our society. It is only appropriate to utilize these visual cues since visual memory is deemed superior to other form (Cohen 2008  OLFACTORY EXPERIENCE OLFACTION IN NON -human animals, which are believed to be microsmatic organism or organism having greater sense of smell, have been an interest among psychologist since the 1950. Conversely, human and apes are generally believed to be microsmatic (lesser levels of olfaction) compared to their non- ape counterparts. However recent studies in the field of human sexuality show that while we human have limited olfactory, senses of smell may play an important part in our sexual response.  For instance in study by Muscarella, Arantes and Konesol (2009) Explored on the preferred scent among heterosexual and homosexual males and females. The study found that heterosexual females who participated in their partners. Heterosexual males and homosexual females in their study preferred wearing musky-spicy scent and liked their partners to wear fl oral-sweet scent. Scientists have tried to explain how human influence sexuality. They identified through possibilities, through what is referred to as signature odor which is associated with the Major Histocompatibility Complex a set of protein signaling our immune system the presence of foreign substances and second through what is referred to a pheromones, substances putatively excreted by our glands which signals mood and affect socials behaviors TACTILE EXPERIENCE It refers to sensation are received or felt by touch. Tactile element pertains to the experience relative to the object felt; Is it rough, Is it smooth. Is the surface hard ог soft. Then there are thermal elements is; Is it warm or cold? Finally And the vibrational element; Is the pressure of the touch strong or weak? Is the sensation moving and pulsating or steady and stationary?  ►DIFFERENT PART OF THE HUMAN BODY ALSO HAVE DIFFERENT THRESHOLD OF TACTILE EXPERIENCE Areas such the mouth, Anus,genitals and nipples are referred to as primary erogenous zone as they are also sensitive to touch. The back, cheek, neck, and buttocks are secondary erogenous zones as they are also sensitive to touch, but only supportive of the primary zones in eliciting response. Often these erogenous zones are areas of the body involved in the reproductive and sexual act. When we touch our body produces a hormone called oxytocin it is referred to as the love hormone because it is believed to influence tribal behavior and maternal bonding. Oxytocin is observed to be produced in vast amounts during nipples stimulation, such as for instance when a mother suckles her newly- born.  ►In intimate relationship touch is suggested to be one of the love languages. A person whose love language is touch tend to give and receive tactile stimulation to and from others through holding, hugging and other form of physical connection.  AUDITORY EXPERIENCE ► Social interaction are not only visual, but are also auditory processes. Our human language often have a verbal counterpart to the written language. In fact, historically much of our culture are passed on through oral tradition, even before the writing system was developed  Social activities are also a verbal communication process. Sound give additional context to sexual situation. For instance, in sexual interactions, couples may give verbal erotic encourage word that triggers sexual response or verbal expression of affection words that manifests feeling ( I love you, I miss you ). A survey of popular music will show that love and sex are among the common themes of songs nowadays. This only emphasize the value of sound human. SEXUAL BEHAVIOR SEXUAL BEHAVIOR Sexual behavior encompasses all activities which gratify an individual’s sexual needs. Sexual behaviors have been studied in the context of sexual practices, sexual relationships, reproductive health, sexually transmitted infections ( STIs ), and contraception. SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE The sexual response cycle is a model that describes the physiological responses that take place during sexual activity. The cycle consists of four phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. The sexual response cycle is the sequence of physical and emotional changes that occur as a person becomes sexually aroused and participates in sexually stimulating activities, including intercourse and masturbation. Knowing how your body responds during each phase of the cycle can enhance your relationship and help you pinpoint causes of sexual dysfunction. This model was created by William Masters and Virginia Johnson. According to Masters and Johnson, the human sexual response cycle consists of four phases: Excitement Plateau EPOR Model Orgasm, and Resolution EXCITEMENT During the excitement phase of the EPOR model, one attains the intrinsic motivation to have sex. In the excitement stage, the body prepares for sexual activity by tensing muscles and increasing heart rate and blood pressure. In the male, blood flows into the penis, causing it to become erect; in the female, the vaginal walls become moist, the inner part of the vagina becomes wider, and the clitoris enlarges. PLATEAU The plateau phase is the precursor to orgasm, which may be mostly biological for men and mostly psychological for women. The plateau phase intensifies the responses from the excitement phase—breathing, blood flow, and heart rate continue to increase and stabilize. Muscle tension increases and may extend to hands, feet, face, and other areas of the body. ORGASM Orgasm is the release of tension, and the resolution period is the unaroused state before the cycle begins again. The orgasm phase represents the peak or sexual climax of excitement, though not all men and women necessarily reach this stage. Orgasm is marked by involuntary, rhythmic muscle contractions throughout the body as well as a sense of euphoria and a feeling of tension relief. RESOLUTION During this phase, your body slowly returns to its normal level of functioning. Any swollen or erect body parts return to their previous size or position. People may feel a sense of satisfaction, and often, fatigue. The succeeding resolution stage brings a gradual return to the resting state that may take several hours. In the male, the penis shrinks back to its normal size; in the female, the vagina and other genital structures also return to their pre-excitement condition.  Kaplan (1979) sees the sexual response cycle as having relatively independent stage. There are threes stage according to his model  1 DESIRE Sexual desire is an emotion and motivational state characterized by an interest in sexual objects or activities, or by a drive to seek out sexual objects or to engage in sexual activities.  2 AROUSAL Arousal is the feeling of being turned on sexually.  3 ORGASM An orgasm is the height or peak of sexual arousal when the body releases sexual tension and pressure.  4 SEXUAL RESPONSE DYSFUNCTION Sexual dysfunction is anything that prevents you from feeling pleasure from sexual activity.  5 PARAPHILIA A paraphilia is a condition in which a person's sexual arousal and gratification depend on fantasizing about and engaging in sexual behavior that is atypical and extreme. GENDER AND RE P O R T MEDIA IBIAS, DIANA ROSE M. LANGCAUON, CRI STINE OBJECTI VES 1 D I S C U S S T H E I M P O RTA N C E O F M E D I A R E P R E S E N TAT I O N ; A N D A P P R E C I AT E T H E P R O G R E S S I N M E D I A 2 R E P R E S E N TAT I O N O F G E N D E R 3 U N D E R S TA N D H O W M E D I A I N F LU E N C E T H E A U D I E N C E I N D E F I DIFFERENT THINGS REGARDING TO GENDER N I N G TABLE OF CONTENT GEND MEDIA IN THE 1 5 PHILIPPINES ER 2 MED 6 MEDIA IA R E P R E S E N TAT I O N 3 MEDIA 7 MEDIA P L AT F O R M S STEREOTYPES STEREOTYPICAL 4 GENDER AND 8 P O RT R AYA L S O F G E N D E R MEDIA 9 THE PROGRESS OF MEDIA R E P R E S E N TAT I O N O F G E N D E R  GEN DER WHAT I S GENDER?  MED IA Media" is a broad term encompassing all the channels and tools we use to communicate and consume information. It's the bridge between us and the world around us, shaping our understanding of everything from current events to personal interests. Media plays an important role in shaping our understanding of the world and influencing our opinions, beliefs, and behaviors.  MEDIA PLATFORM TRADITIONAL DIGITAL OTHER FORMS OF MEDIA MEDIA MEDIA  GENDER AND MEDIAand Media" is a field of study that "Gender explores the complex relationship between gender and how it is represented, produced, and consumed through various media platforms. It examines the ways in which media shapes our understanding of gender, while also being influenced by societal norms and power dynamics. MEDIA IN THE PHILIPPINES According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, 81% watch television, and still it remains to be the most used and trusted source of information in our country. We watch TV for entertainment and information through TV soap operas, news and entertainment program.  MEDIA REPRESENTATION Media representation refers to how different groups are portrayed in media. It influences perceptions, reinforces or challenges societal norms, and can be positive or negative. The way groups are depicted in media matters because it shapes how people view them, especially for children and adolescents. MEDIA STEREOTYPES Media stereotypes are oversimplified and generalized portrayals of individuals or groups based on characteristics like race, gender, ethnicity, or age. These representations, often rooted in preconceived notions rather than factual accuracy, can significantly influence societal perceptions and behaviors. They are prevalent in various media channels, including Hollywood films, television shows, and digital platforms TRADITIO NAL Femini Masculine GENDER Aggressive Independent ne Not aggressive Dependent Easily Not easily influenced influenced Dominant Active Wordly Not easily hurt STEREOT Submissive Passive Home-oriented Easily emotionally Tough Not at hurt emotionally all Talkative Not Gentle Talkative Nurturing Cruel Analytical YPES Nurturing Kind Verbal 5K 5K 5K 9k 8k 9k BEHAVIO UR FROM Wom Me WOMEN an Agree with what others say Behave as expected in a given n Lead the way Take control of situations Lead others given AND MEN role Defined boundaries of movement discounts to women as stupid Free to do anything 5K 5K 5K 9k 8k 9k STEREOTYPICAL PORTRAYALS OF LGBTQIA+ The LGBT community is highly misinterpreted in the Philippines media. There are many stereotypes of the LGBT in media and most are not flattering. Often they are used as a comic relief in their portrayal of the loud and boisterous gay, which presented by straight male who acts like gay, with exaggerated gestures, the sex-deprived mascular male homosexual, or we can also see in the Television the awkward tomboy who eventually becomes feminine woman after meeting the man of STEREOTYPICAL PORTRAYALS OF LGBT. LGBT are often relagated as sidekicks, victims, or villains. LGBT celebrities in the Philippines who are out and proud of their sexual orientation such as Boy Abunda, Vice Ganda, Aiza Seguerra, and Jake Zyrus, but their sexuality is rarely the focus of the program they are in. STEREOTYPICAL Typically men are portrayed as active, PORTRAYALS OF MEN adventurous, sexually aggressive and uninvolved in human relationship. Men are shown in the media as being superior and dominant to women. Many men may be afraid to be emotional and compassionate due to how frequently the mass media depicts men as macho and strongm STEREOTYPICAL PORTRAYALS OF WOMEN Women are frequently exposed to messages in mass media that objectify them, depict them as victims, and the notion that women are responsible for the upkeep of the home and domestic duties. PROGRESS OF MEDIA REPRESENTATION UNESCO is committed to promoting gender equality within and through the media by fostering diverse content, enhancing coverage of gender- related issues, and promoting gender equity in newsrooms. PROGRESS OF MEDIA REPRESENTATION UNESCO aims to contribute to a more equitable and just media landscape that reflects the diversity of human experiences and promotes gender equality  PROGRESS OF MEDIA The media's portrayal of gender has REPRESENTATION evolved over time, reflecting societal shifts towards gender progress in media representation. We're seeing more women on screen, challenging stereotypes, and greater visibility for transgender and gender diverse  THANK YOU BORCELLE 11/ 11