PSYC 305 Encoding Specificity Principle.pptx

Encoding Specificity Principle Mariana V. C. Couttinho, PhD Question Do similarities between learning and testing conditions influence retrieval? 1. the location you are 2. the mood you are 3. the physical state of your body Question 2 Do similarities between learning and testing conditions influenc...

Encoding Specificity Principle Mariana V. C. Couttinho, PhD Question Do similarities between learning and testing conditions influence retrieval? 1. the location you are 2. the mood you are 3. the physical state of your body Question 2 Do similarities between learning and testing conditions influence retrieval? Yes 1. the location you are 2. the mood you are 3. the physical state of your body  Matching the circumstances of encoding and retrieval aids (helps with) memory retrieval./  This is known as Encoding specificity principle Godden & Baddeley (1975) (Context-dependent Retrieval Example)  Participants: Deep sea divers  Half of participants memorized a list of spoken words  On land  Under water  Half switched locations, half stayed Godden & Baddeley (1975) Retrieval Condition Encoding Condition On Land Underwater On Land Underwater Group Group 1 2 Group Group 3 4 Godden & Baddeley (1975) Retrieval Condition Encoding Condition On Land 40% On Land Under Water 38% Underwater 35% 32% 30% On Land 38% 24% 25% 24% 23% 20% 15% Underwater 23% 32% 10% 5% 0% Overall 30.5% 28% On Land Under Water Encoding Condition Why does matching the circumstances of encoding and retrieval aid (help with) memory retrieval? Encoding-Retrieval Interactions When we learn something for the first time, we associate many aspects of the environment with our learning experience. These aspects of the environment serve as a cue for retrieving information. Cue In Cognitive Psychology, cue is information that aids retrieval for other information. Encoding-Retrieval Interactions  A retrieval cue is an effective reminder when it helps re-create the specific way an experience was initially encoded. Encoding-Retrieval Interactions  The way you think about information when you store it has an effect on what sort of retrieval cue will be useful in helping you recall the information. Thank you! 04/30/2024 14