12 Questions
What is the principle that states that matching the circumstances of encoding and retrieval aids memory retrieval?
Encoding specificity principle
In the Godden and Baddeley experiment, what was the primary task given to the deep sea divers?
To memorize a list of spoken words either on land or underwater
Why do similarities between learning and testing conditions influence retrieval?
Because the environment serves as a cue for retrieving information
In the experiment, what was the outcome when participants switched locations between encoding and retrieval?
Their memory retrieval significantly decreased
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where our learning experience is associated with many aspects of the environment?
Environmental cue association
What was the overall percentage of correct retrieval when participants matched the encoding and retrieval conditions?
30.5%
What is the primary reason for the association between learning experience and environmental aspects?
To aid in memory retrieval through encoding-retrieval interactions
Which of the following is a result of the encoding specificity principle?
Enhanced memory retrieval when encoding and retrieval conditions match
What is the primary factor influencing memory retrieval in the Godden and Baddeley experiment?
The location of the divers during encoding and retrieval
What is the significance of the encoding-retrieval interactions?
They enable the association of learning experiences with environmental aspects
In the Godden and Baddeley experiment, what was the role of the environment during encoding and retrieval?
It acted as a cue for retrieving information
What is the underlying concept explaining the influence of environmental aspects on memory retrieval?
The encoding specificity principle
Study Notes
Encoding Specificity Principle
- The encoding specificity principle states that matching the circumstances of encoding and retrieval aids memory retrieval.
- This principle is also known as context-dependent retrieval.
Factors Influencing Retrieval
- Location: the place where learning takes place can influence retrieval.
- Mood: the emotional state during learning can influence retrieval.
- Physical state: the physical condition of the body during learning can influence retrieval.
Godden and Baddeley's Experiment (1975)
- Participants: deep sea divers
- Method: half of the participants memorized a list of spoken words on land, and half underwater.
- Half of the participants switched locations for retrieval, and half stayed in the same location.
- Results:
- Best retrieval occurred when the encoding and retrieval conditions matched.
- On land, 40% of words were retrieved when learned on land, and 38% when learned underwater.
- Underwater, 35% of words were retrieved when learned on land, and 32% when learned underwater.
Encoding-Retrieval Interactions
- When we learn something for the first time, we associate many aspects of the environment with our learning experience.
- These aspects of the environment serve as a cue for retrieving information.
- Matching the circumstances of encoding and retrieval aids memory retrieval because it provides a stronger cue for retrieval.
Learn about the encoding specificity principle, which states that memory retrieval is influenced by the similarity between the conditions of learning and testing. Explore how factors like location, mood, and physical state affect memory recall.
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