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Questions and Answers
What is the principle that states that matching the circumstances of encoding and retrieval aids memory retrieval?
What is the principle that states that matching the circumstances of encoding and retrieval aids memory retrieval?
In the Godden and Baddeley experiment, what was the primary task given to the deep sea divers?
In the Godden and Baddeley experiment, what was the primary task given to the deep sea divers?
Why do similarities between learning and testing conditions influence retrieval?
Why do similarities between learning and testing conditions influence retrieval?
In the experiment, what was the outcome when participants switched locations between encoding and retrieval?
In the experiment, what was the outcome when participants switched locations between encoding and retrieval?
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What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where our learning experience is associated with many aspects of the environment?
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where our learning experience is associated with many aspects of the environment?
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What was the overall percentage of correct retrieval when participants matched the encoding and retrieval conditions?
What was the overall percentage of correct retrieval when participants matched the encoding and retrieval conditions?
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What is the primary reason for the association between learning experience and environmental aspects?
What is the primary reason for the association between learning experience and environmental aspects?
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Which of the following is a result of the encoding specificity principle?
Which of the following is a result of the encoding specificity principle?
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What is the primary factor influencing memory retrieval in the Godden and Baddeley experiment?
What is the primary factor influencing memory retrieval in the Godden and Baddeley experiment?
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What is the significance of the encoding-retrieval interactions?
What is the significance of the encoding-retrieval interactions?
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In the Godden and Baddeley experiment, what was the role of the environment during encoding and retrieval?
In the Godden and Baddeley experiment, what was the role of the environment during encoding and retrieval?
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What is the underlying concept explaining the influence of environmental aspects on memory retrieval?
What is the underlying concept explaining the influence of environmental aspects on memory retrieval?
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Study Notes
Encoding Specificity Principle
- The encoding specificity principle states that matching the circumstances of encoding and retrieval aids memory retrieval.
- This principle is also known as context-dependent retrieval.
Factors Influencing Retrieval
- Location: the place where learning takes place can influence retrieval.
- Mood: the emotional state during learning can influence retrieval.
- Physical state: the physical condition of the body during learning can influence retrieval.
Godden and Baddeley's Experiment (1975)
- Participants: deep sea divers
- Method: half of the participants memorized a list of spoken words on land, and half underwater.
- Half of the participants switched locations for retrieval, and half stayed in the same location.
- Results:
- Best retrieval occurred when the encoding and retrieval conditions matched.
- On land, 40% of words were retrieved when learned on land, and 38% when learned underwater.
- Underwater, 35% of words were retrieved when learned on land, and 32% when learned underwater.
Encoding-Retrieval Interactions
- When we learn something for the first time, we associate many aspects of the environment with our learning experience.
- These aspects of the environment serve as a cue for retrieving information.
- Matching the circumstances of encoding and retrieval aids memory retrieval because it provides a stronger cue for retrieval.
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Description
Learn about the encoding specificity principle, which states that memory retrieval is influenced by the similarity between the conditions of learning and testing. Explore how factors like location, mood, and physical state affect memory recall.
