PPN 101 Week 1-4 LO Short Answer Quiz PDF

PPN 101 Week 1 - 4 LO | Short Answer Quiz Week 4 L.0.: paradigm Patterns of shared understanding; a world view - set of beliefs & practices which guide the way nurses work shift from traditional way of thinking...

PPN 101 Week 1 - 4 LO | Short Answer Quiz Week 4 L.0.: paradigm Patterns of shared understanding; a world view - set of beliefs & practices which guide the way nurses work shift from traditional way of thinking and world view fundamental change in underlying principles and Week 4 LO: Paradigm shift and practice that the profession example in nursing Ex. change in healthcare delivery from disease- focused medical focus to a health promotion focus area of interest/concern to a discipline Week 4 LO metaparadigm definition framework that outlines fundamental concepts and principle guiding the nursing profession Week 4 LO: what is the meta- PHENS paradigm of nursing and its contribution to nursing knowledge Person and scholarship? Health Environment Nursing Social Justice Contributes by: giving a comprehensive framework which guides nursing practice and helps nurses understand the connection of these various factors that affect patient care which  leads to a holistic approach to health and patient-centred approach states that each person is unique & has distinct physical, psychosocial, social, spiritual , cultural & developmental characteristics Wk 4 LO: Person (and relation to practice) also incl patient family , friends + communities , Nursing Meta-paradigm > Person + groups of people Heath + Environment + Nursing + enables nurse to view patients as more than their Social Justice medical history Subject to dynamic changes in understanding over time goes beyond the absence of disease/injury - Wk 4 LO: Health (and relation to ideal state of well being all persons strive for practice) nurses es aim to promote and restore health, prevent illness, and support patient to achieve optimal Nursing Meta-paradigm > Person + wellness Heath + Environment + Nursing + position of patient along the health illness continuum Social Justice det health context in which nusring care takes place - incl. physical, social, cultural, political, and economic circumstances that influence a person health Wk 4 LO: Environment (and relation all internal + external factors that impact the patient to practice) and their families , communities - Nursing Meta-paradigm > Person + the above (environment) can impact a person health Heath + Environment + Nursing + circumstances and their recovery Social Justice nurses should consider how the environment can impact patient well-being & adapt their care accordingly  attributes , characteristics , and actions of a nurse in relationship with a client & nature of care given a partnership with clients + families where therapeutic Wk 4 LO: Nursing (and relation to + comfort caring can occur - practice) knowledge, Skills, & attitudes req to give care to indiv, Nursing Meta-paradigm > Person + families, communities Heath + Environment + Nursing + nurses should act as advocates, educators, and Social Justice caregivers striving to meet patients unique needs ability to show empathy & compassion is Vital too (along with technical aspects) this affects way people live , chance of illness , wish of premature death, promotes fair equitable treatment for all patients; addresses disparities in health care + ensure people have access to resources for optimal health Wk 4 LO: Social Justice (and i.e relation to practice) plus examples ?? O’Mahoney-paquin article life expectancy + health fails to improve in certain parts of world while they improve in others Nursing Meta-paradigm > Person + person: Nurse advocates for right/dignity of patient Heath + Environment + Nursing + addresses social determinants of health such Social Justice as socioeconomic status, race , gender which can impact a patients health & access to care nursing: providing care that is culturally sensitive & inclusion; advocating for systemic change that improv health outcome for marginalized population Wk 4 LO- Nightingale’s theory in Environment relation to the Nursing meta- paradigm Determining if environment of patient is clean, well-ventilated and quiet for patient recovery - altering environment if needed to achieve this  5 key req (L-WADS): pure water fresh air efficient drainage Sanitation light/direct sunlight Adaptation Model Read: https://nurseslabs.com/sister-callista-roys- adaptation-model/#h-callista-roy-s-adaptation-model- of-nursing Roy viewed the person as a biopsychosocial being in constant interaction in changing environment; uses Wk 4 LO: Sister Callista Roy’s adaptation system to respond to external factors theory in relation to the Nursing experienced meta-paradigm Environment is pos/neg stimulus that requires person to adapt if person can adapt holistically they’ll maintain health well; and if not their integrity will be impacted negatively Nurses are facilitators of adaptation in this model; assess for adapt. and promote (+) adapt. by enhancing eniron interactions Wk 4 LO: Jean Watson’s theory in Read: https://nurseslabs.com/jean-watsons-philosophy- relation to the Nursing meta- theory-transpersonal-caring/ paradigm Transpersonal Caring viewed nursing as caring between nurse and another; going beyond boundaries of time, space & physicality human should be valued, cared for, nurtured understood respected and assisted  Actual caring occasion- actions and choices by nurse and indiv; coming together on a caring occasion nursing is a human science of persons harmony between mind body and spirit Read: https://nurseslabs.com/madeleine-leininger- transcultural-nursing-theory/#h-major-concepts-of-the- transcultural-nursing-theory Transcultural Nursing Theory person deserves culturally sensitive nursing care; understood health to be universal and diverse & that Wk 4 LO: Madeleine Leininger’s environment incl learned + shared val of norm created theory in relation to the Nursing within specific lived in geographic & cultural setting meta-paradigm providing culturally congruent care; be culturally competent, provide effective and respectful care understanding diff and similarities in cultural care practices in diff cultures sunrise model- various factors influencing cultural care- technological, religious, social, cultural, legal, economic, and educational factors Week 4 LO: Meaning of art and science of nursing : given essential focus + science of nursing within health knowledge basis for prof nursing care setting person is at center of model ie. Theory, evidence-informed knowledge , research, clinical guidelines Art of nursing nurses ability to adapt persons needs by understanding health through patient pov through caring , compassion, + therapeutic comm. (empathy) based in human interaction & relationship understanding + responding to emotional + psychological needs of patient  combines the technical, evidence-based aspects of health care w compassion , empathetic approach needed to care for patient holistically general idea/mental notion that represent some aspect of our exp. + world allow us to organize + comm. ideas Week 4: Concept "building blocks of theory" can change our time & are influenced by indiv· perception & exp Week 4: Theory sets of concepts (ideas) used to describe , explain or predict the physical & social worlds a practice discipline self-regulated profession maintenance of competencies such as knowledge and skills to guide evidence-informed decision making in practice Week 1 LO: Nursing as a profession accountable to public- writing registration exam after graduation of nursing program guided by CNA and provincial and territorial regulatory code of ethics, nursing standards, best practice, research and laws and regulation that guide practice Week 1 LO: Knowledge Nursing professionalism- attributes Accountability Autonomy Self-regulation Inquiry Collegiality Collaboration Innovation Ethics  Values Angel of Mercy- mid 1800s to WWI Mid 1800s through World War I Nurses as noble, moral, religious, virginal and self-sacrificing Week 1 Activity- Images of Nursing Strongly tied to religion and religious images throughout history Florence Nightingale as the epitome of the angel of mercy “God given calling to be a nurse”; no emphasis on the development of knowledge and doing research caring for soldiers in war Week 1 Activity- Images of Nursing The Mother: 1945-1965 throughout history: After the war, return to ‘family’ values The Mother The Sex Symbol: Post mid 1960s Week 1 Activity- Images of Nursing Sensual, romantic, irresponsible, throughout history: promiscuous with little evidence of The Sex Symbol intelligence or skill; M*A*S*H The Careerist: Current Week 1 Activity- Images of Nursing Intelligent, logical, progressive, empathetic, throughout history: sophisticated and assertive; less gender role The Careerist identity. Week 1: First Black Nurses to COBB graduate from nursing program canada 1948 Collen L. Campbell Marion V. Overton Ruth bailey Gwen Barton  Ensure that nursing images and language emphasize nurses’ knowledge and skill Week 1 LO: Link potential recruits to practicing nurses in diverse Strategies to support an accurate, settings. positive, and inclusive image of Promote inclusive, positive images of nursing nursing as a professional career. Promote the ‘careerist’ nurse as a realistic reflection of today‘s nurse and an image to be proud of. Phenomenology is the study of the structures of experience and consciousness; a theoretical approach that focuses on deep human understanding. It seeks to understand human Week 2 LO- Compare and contrast experiences. the two program philosophies. Critical Social Theory (CST) is a theoretical approach used to Phenomenology and Critical Social challenge power imbalances and inequalities that marginalize Theory vulnerable people/cultures. CST is meant to uncover constraints on human freedom and disrupt the status quo. It is meant to effect positive change. Week 2 LO: 1. Relationship of CST to nursing & Canadian healthcare: Demonstrate a beginning 1. Nurses should champion social justice, understanding of critical social promote the public policies which address theory (CST) and phenomenology social inequalities; which will improve the and their relationship to nursing and health of marginalized populations. Nurses Canadian healthcare. are to effect the positive change and assist in uncovering the constraints on human freedom in the healthcare setting. CST is 1. Relationship of CST to also needed to reveal oppression, nursing and Canadian marginalization, and inequalities in healthcare healthcare; so that better healthcare policies 2. Relationship of can be made. Phenomenology to nursing 2. Relationship of phenomenology to nursing and and Canadian healthcare Canadian healthcare: 1. Nurses should use a phenomenological approach to understand the lived experiences of others. Policy making in  Canadian healthcare should also use this approach to understand the lived experiences of others; so these policies can take peoples’ experiences into account. Week 2 LO 1. CST is needed in order for social justice to be brought. CST is needed to challenge the status quo, 1. Discuss CST in relation to inequalities and marginalization of groups of people social justice. so that society can be more fair and have more equity (social justice). Week 2 LO 1. Figure out what is to be known through the 5 senses, through observation; can be verified by others 1. Discuss Ways of Knowing in nursing. Consider how Example: Nurse entering a patients room that has isolation different ways of knowing precautions due to infectious disease can help you reflect on your nursing practice. Nurse reviews guidelines and organization policy then performs hand hygiene and dons ppe in the correct Empirical Knowing + example order (as stated in guidelines and policy) knowledge of what is right and wrong, attends to standards and codes in making moral choices; Week 2 LO demands responsibility for one’s actions Example- maintaining patient confidentiality 1. Discuss Ways of Knowing understanding the importance, ethics of in nursing. Consider how keeping patient information private different ways of knowing adheres to standards and codes of can help you reflect on organization and CNO in up-keeping patient your nursing practice. confidentiality does not disclose info of patients to Ethical Knowing + example unauthorized people; without patient consent  Characterized as subjective, concrete, existential and relational Week 2 LO A pattern of knowing about self and other, which occurs when nurses connect with the humanness of 1. Discuss Ways of Knowing the client experience in nursing. Consider how different ways of knowing Example- nurse sees a patient who seems withdrawn, can help you reflect on sad and doesn’t interact much your nursing practice. nurse talks to patient with empathy and Personal Knowing + example compassion; providing emotional support reassurance and encouragement Demands a deeper appreciation of the whole person or situation Week 2 LO Moves beyond the superficial to see the experience as part of a larger whole 1. Discuss Ways of Knowing Can be enhanced through story telling, poetry, music in nursing. Consider how or art different ways of knowing can help you reflect on Example- nurse cares for agitated anxious child going your nursing practice. through chemo therapy uses aesthetic knowing by playing childs Aesthetic Knowing + example favourite music, draws pictures with them because its the childs favourite hobby, reads a story to them etc.  Enables nurses to recognize social and political problems of injustice or inequity Week 2 LO Facilitates the identification of social and structural changes that need to be made to ‘right the wrong 1. Discuss Ways of Knowing Example- nurse notices that diabetics from a low- in nursing. Consider how income community are unaware on care practices and different ways of knowing insulin injections; leading to other health issues and can help you reflect on frequent visits to the office your nursing practice. Nurse decides to hold information session to educate these diabetics on how to manage Emancipatory Knowing + their condition example Nurse advocates for all nurses to provide patient education whenever a diabetic patient comes in to an appt 5- APE-EE 1. Aesthetic 2. Personal Week 2- Ways of Knowing 3. Empirical 4. Ethical 5. Emancipatory Week 2 LO Empirical knowing is expressed in nursing practice How different ways of knowing can through nurse scientific competence help you reflect on your nursing Ethical knowing helps to protect the client’s autonomy practice and rights. Personal knowing develops when nurses intuitively understand and connect with clients as unique human beings Aesthetic knowing: Enables nurses to experientially relate to their clients by intuitively and creatively responding to unforeseen parts of their stories. This  allows everyone, including the patient, to learn new information. Emancipatory knowing: Allows nurses to be in a better position to act as advocates in helping identify and reduce the inequities in health care Week 2 LO Self-awareness is critical to recognize when your personal Examine personal and professional values may be challenged when there is a conflict in a values and beliefs in relation to self- professional context. As a nurse it is important to uphold professional values and keep personal beliefs out of the line of awareness and the nursing work; by using ethical reasoning and decision making. profession. 7- SHADD- PJ 1. Providing safe, compassionate, competent, and ethical care Week 2 LO 2. Promoting health and well-being Core Nursing professional values 3. Promoting and respecting informed decision-making and ethical responsibilities 4. Honouring dignity 5. Maintaining privacy and confidentiality 6. Promoting justice 7. Being accountable 1. requires specialized knowledge, skills, scientific methods, and values based on research Week 2 LO 2. is taught in an institution of higher education Identify the criteria of a profession. 3. advocates high ethical standards of its members 4. engages in expanding its body of knowledge through research  1. Professional behaviours 1. members function autonomously Week 2 LO 2. members are committed to advanced study 3. members are motivated by service to society Identify professional behaviours 2. Academic behaviours also have students who and link them to academic function autonomously, students who are committed behaviours. to studying and motivated by the requirements and promise of rewarding career needed to excel in their program. Week 2: goes over Phenomenology, CST, nursing as an art and science Reading: Student handbook 56-58 etc. 6: I-SEA-EI (I see eh) Week 3 LO 1. Interpretation Describe the cognitive skills and 2. Self-regulation critical thinking dispositions required for clinical decision making 3.4. Evaluation Analysis in nursing. 5. Explanation Cognitive Skills 6. Inference 7- TO: MISS A Week 3 LO 1. Truth seeking Describe the cognitive skills and 2. open-mindedness critical thinking dispositions 3. Analyticity required for clinical decision making 4. Systematicity in nursing. 5. Self-confidence Critical Thinking Dispositions 6. Inquisitiveness 7. Maturity Week 3 LO 3- BCC  Describe the 1. Basic- follows rules and 3 levels of regulations (do as told) critical 2. Complex- goes beyond rules thinking and regulations; analyze and competencies interpretation skills; bit more as described indep by Kataoka- 3. Commitment- independently Yahiro (1994) make decisions; take responsibility for choices, use exp and knowledge to guide actions Patient recovering from hip surgery develops pain and swelling. Nursing care for each level: BASIC nurse follows protocols, procedures and hospital practices to check vitals and administer pain meds Week 3: Example for Kataoka- COMPLEX Yahiro & Saylor’s Critical nurses does an assessment; figures out Thinking model for nursing possible causes for pain and swelling- like judgement (1994) infection, DVT; notifies physician of findings COMMITMENT nurse collabs with healthcare team to develop a care plan and educates patient about signs of complication and how to care for themself Week 3 LO 5: EP-CAbN (EP “Cabin”) Examine the 5 stages of the Novice to Expert model as described by 1. Expert Benner (1982) 2. proficient 3. Competent 4. Advanced-beginner  5. Novice Example: Hip surgery patient develops pain and swelling. 1. Novice: nurse follows protocol, checks vitals and administers pain meds as req. 2. Advanced beginner: nurse sees that the pain and swelling may be caused by complication and notifies Doctor Week 3: Example for Benner’s 3. Competent: Nurse completes patient assessment, Novice to Expert Model Skill hypothesizes that it may be infection or DVT and Aquisition collabs with team to adjust care 4. Proficient: Nurses uses previous experience and intuition to suspect DVT. orders ultrasound and works on preventative measures 5. Expert: Immediately identifies that its DVT, starts treatment, educates patient and family on condition and how to manage it Week 3 LO · Both are basic Inovie at the bottom · Middle is go intermediate critical thinking in both models - proficient, Relationship between Kataoka- competent / complex · Top is expert/commitment · Follow the Yahiro & Benner models same hierarchy Week 3 LO 5- AD PIE Nursing process and what each Nursing process is a critical thinking step is competency and a clinical decision making approach 1. Assessment 1. detecting cues 2. Nursing Diagnosis 1. interpreting data (Cues) 3. Planning  1. responding, setting actions and priorities 4. Implementation 1. responding, reflecting and adjusting 5. Evaluation 1. reflecting and repeating process as required 5- KSACE 1. Knowledge 1. nursing knowledge; to understand patient conditions; science knowledge 2. Standards 1. upholding care to standards by Week 4 LO organization, CNO, guidelines and ethical Synthesis of critical thinking and standards nursing process 3. Attitudes Nursing Critical Thinking 1. nurses way of thinking concepts, each described and POV 2. should be open minded, inquisitive and reflective 4. Competencies 1. skills and abilities of nurse to perform tasks 5. Experience 1. hands on experience in work environment Week 3 Example Scenario Nursing Critical thinking steps A 45-year-old patient arrives at the emergency department with a visibly swollen and deformed right ankle after slipping on ice. The patient reports severe pain and inability to bear weight on the affected leg. Critical Thinking Steps 1. Knowledge Anatomy and Physiology: Understanding the structure of the ankle, common fracture sites, and potential complications. Pathophysiology: Recognizing signs and symptoms of a fracture, such as swelling, deformity, and pain. Treatment Protocols: Familiarity with immobilization techniques, pain management, and the need for imaging studies. 2. Standards Evidence-Based Practice: Following guidelines for the assessment and management of fractures. Ethical Standards: Ensuring patient consent and providing information about the treatment plan. Legal Standards: Documenting the patient’s condition, treatment provided, and any communication with the patient and family. 3. Attitudes Open-Mindedness: Being receptive to the patient’s description of the incident and symptoms. Empathy: Showing compassion and understanding towards the patient’s pain and anxiety.  Confidence: Demonstrating assurance in the ability to manage the situation effectively. 4. Competencies Assessment Skills: Conducting a thorough physical examination and obtaining a detailed history. Diagnostic Skills: Ordering and interpreting X-rays to confirm the fracture. Intervention Skills: Applying a splint or cast, administering pain relief, and educating the patient on care and follow-up. 5. Experience Clinical Experience: Drawing on past experiences with similar cases to anticipate potential complications and patient needs. Reflective Practice: Evaluating the effectiveness of the interventions and considering what could be improved for future cases. Week 4 LO Sure! Let’s walk through a scenario involving a patient with a broken ankle, applying critical thinking steps in nursing: Synthesis of critical thinking and nursing process Scenario Example of the Nursing process A 45-year-old patient arrives at the emergency department with a visibly swollen and deformed right ankle after slipping on ice. The patient reports severe pain and inability to bear weight on the affected leg. Application Assessment: The nurse assesses the patient’s ankle, noting swelling, deformity, and limited range of motion. Vital signs are checked to rule out shock. Diagnosis: Based on the assessment and patient history, a preliminary diagnosis of an ankle fracture is made.  Planning: The nurse plans to manage pain, immobilize the ankle, and prepare the patient for an X-ray. Implementation: Pain medication is administered, and the ankle is immobilized with a splint. The patient is informed about the need for an X-ray and potential treatment options. Evaluation: The nurse evaluates the patient’s pain level after medication and ensures the splint is properly applied. Follow-up care and instructions are provided. Week 3 Lo 6- CAHSAE Clinical judgement model; describe 1. Recognize Cues: Identify each step relevant information from the patient’s assessment data. 2. Analyze Cues: Interpret the significance of the cues in the context of the patient’s condition. 3. Prioritize Hypotheses: Determine the most likely issues or diagnoses based on the analyzed cues. 4. Generate Solutions: Develop possible interventions or actions to address the prioritized hypotheses. 5. Take Action: Implement the chosen interventions. 6. Evaluate Outcomes: Assess the effectiveness of the interventions and adjust the care plan as needed12.  This model helps nurses make informed, evidence-based decisions to provide optimal patient care. Into to critical thinking & Ethical Masoning (Slide20) for a nurse to critically think in an ethical situation - > they must examine their personal values & values of profession Week 3 LO Introduction to critical thinking and strong critical thinking skills & ethical reasoning Skills ethical reasoning. are needed for clinical judgements Nurses are frequently faced with acting in value-laden situations. The ability to adhere to ethical and professional standards are characteristic of a professional. Attitudes and habits Cognitive dissonance- 2 contradictory beliefs Personal vs professional values At times, our personal values are challenged Week 3 LO when there is a conflict in a professional Identify barriers to critical thinking context. and ethical reasoning. Ethical reasoning and decision making are needed to help the nurse work through these times of challenge Week 3 Example Example Scenario Cognitive Dissonance (Barrier to A nurse is caring for a patient who requires frequent turning to critical thinking/ethical reasoning) prevent pressure ulcers. The nurse believes strongly in the  importance of this preventive measure. However, due to a busy shift and staffing shortages, the nurse skips a scheduled turning. Cognitive Dissonance Belief: The nurse believes that turning patients regularly is crucial to prevent pressure ulcers. Action: The nurse skips the scheduled turning due to time constraints and workload. Resulting Dissonance The nurse experiences discomfort because their action (skipping the turning) conflicts with their belief (importance of regular turning). This mental conflict can lead to stress and may hinder the nurse’s ability to think critically and make sound decisions in the moment Week 3 LO, EXAMPLE Example Scenario Personal vs professional values A nurse is caring for a terminally ill patient who is experiencing (Barriers to ethical reasoning) severe pain. The patient has expressed a desire for increased pain medication, even if it might hasten their death. The nurse’s personal values are influenced by their religious beliefs, which oppose any action that could potentially shorten life. However, the nurse’s professional values, guided by the principle of patient autonomy and the ethical duty to alleviate suffering, support honoring the patient’s request. Conflict and Barrier Personal Values: The nurse’s religious beliefs oppose actions that could hasten death. Professional Values: The nurse’s duty to respect patient autonomy and alleviate suffering supports increasing pain medication. Resulting Ethical Dilemma  The nurse experiences an ethical dilemma because their personal values conflict with their professional obligation to respect the patient’s wishes and provide adequate pain relief. This conflict can create a barrier to ethical reasoning, making it challenging for the nurse to make a decision that aligns with both their personal and professional values Attitude: Close-mindedness, Overconfidence Habits: rely to much on routines without considering unique needs of patient, no self reflection/regulation Week 3 Example Imagine a nurse who always follows the same protocol for Attitudes and Habits (Barrier to wound care without considering the specific type of wound or critical thinking/ethical reasoning) the patient’s overall health condition. This habit can lead to ineffective treatment and poor patient outcomes. Additionally, if the nurse is overconfident and dismisses a colleague’s suggestion to try a different approach, they miss an opportunity to improve patient care through critical thinking and ethical reasoning. Week 4 Example 1. Person Example for each concept of Example: A nurse caring for a patient with diabetes considers nursing metaparadigm not only the physical symptoms but also the patient’s emotional well-being, lifestyle, and family support. This holistic approach ensures that the care plan is tailored to the individual’s unique needs and circumstances. 2. Environment Example: A nurse working in a community health setting might focus on improving the living conditions of a neighborhood to reduce the incidence of asthma. This could involve advocating for better air quality, access to clean water, and safe housing, recognizing that the environment significantly impacts health outcomes. 3. Health  Example: Health is viewed not just as the absence of disease but as a state of overall well-being. A nurse might work with a patient recovering from surgery to develop a comprehensive rehabilitation plan that includes physical therapy, nutritional counseling, and mental health support to promote holistic recovery. 4. Nursing Example: Nursing involves the actions and care provided by the nurse. For instance, a nurse in a palliative care unit might focus on providing comfort and pain management for a terminally ill patient, ensuring that the patient’s final days are as peaceful and dignified as possible. These examples illustrate how each concept in the nursing metaparadigm plays a crucial role in delivering comprehensive and patient-centered care Week 4 food, housing, education, income, accessibility Social determinants of health