PPN 101 Week 1-4 (knowt)

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Questions and Answers

How do phenomenological approaches influence healthcare policy?

By emphasizing quantitative research models.

Through understanding individual patient experiences. (correct)

By focusing solely on economic factors in health.

Through strict adherence to clinical guidelines.

Which of the following best describes one of the ways of knowing in nursing practice?

Solely intuitive knowledge without any clinical backing.

Knowledge derived only from patient testimonials.

Empirical knowledge based on clinical evidence. (correct)

Knowledge gained strictly from textbooks.

What is a significant ethical implication associated with patient confidentiality?

Maintaining family involvement over patient wishes.

Ensuring patient autonomy is respected. (correct)

Promoting unrestricted access to patient information.

Encouraging transparency at the cost of privacy.

Which characteristic is a defining aspect of nursing as a profession?

Self-regulation guided by evidence-informed decision making. Signup and view all the answers

Which image of nursing emerged primarily during the period from 1945 to 1965?

The Mother. Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is central to the nursing metaparadigm?

Incorporating human interaction and relationship into care. Signup and view all the answers

What does critical social theory contribute to discussions of healthcare inequalities?

It examines systemic issues affecting health equity. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of the 'Careerist' image of nursing?

Intellectual development and progressive practices. Signup and view all the answers

What does a paradigm shift in nursing primarily entail?

A change from a disease-focused to a health promotion focus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts is NOT part of the nursing metaparadigm?

Technology Signup and view all the answers

How does the nursing metaparadigm contribute to nursing knowledge?

It provides a framework for connecting factors affecting patient care. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of recognizing the dynamic nature of health in nursing?

It acknowledges that health status can change over time. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of nursing, what does the term 'Social Justice' imply?

Providing equal healthcare access to all individuals. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of health does nursing primarily aim to influence?

Preventing illness and promoting overall wellbeing. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes phenomenology in the context of healthcare policy?

A focus on the subjective experiences of individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about nursing throughout history is accurate?

Nursing has evolved from traditional caregiving to a recognized profession. Signup and view all the answers

What ethical implications arise regarding patient confidentiality in nursing?

Maintaining confidentiality is essential but can be complex in practice. Signup and view all the answers

What role does critical social theory play in nursing practice?

It critiques social inequalities impacting health. Signup and view all the answers

Which concept best describes Jean Watson's view of nursing as beyond physical boundaries?

Transpersonal caring Signup and view all the answers

Madeleine Leininger's Sunrise Model focuses on understanding factors that influence which aspect of nursing care?

Culturally congruent care Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of nursing does the concept of ethical implications of patient confidentiality primarily pertain to?

Protection of patient autonomy Signup and view all the answers

In the nursing metaparadigm, which of the following components centers around the understanding of persons?

Person Signup and view all the answers

Which concept addresses the historical development of nursing as a profession concerning societal changes?

Critical social theory Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the Nursing Meta-paradigm that addresses the impact of social determinants on health outcomes?

Advocacy for patient rights and dignity Signup and view all the answers

According to Nightingale's theory, which of the following environmental factors is NOT one of the five key requirements for patient recovery?

Adequate nutrition Signup and view all the answers

In Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model, how does the environment act upon the individual?

As both positive and negative stimuli requiring adaptation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the ethical implications of patient confidentiality in healthcare?

Patient confidentiality is paramount unless overridden by legal obligations Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing concept emphasizes the integration of biological, psychological, and social factors?

Holism Signup and view all the answers

How does the nursing profession contribute to social justice within healthcare?

Advocating for systemic changes that improve access to care for marginalized populations Signup and view all the answers

What is a major misconception related to phenomenology in healthcare policy?

It disregards quantitative data Signup and view all the answers

In what way has the image of nursing evolved throughout history?

From primarily altruistic roles to highly specialized medical positions Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of critical social theory is most relevant to nursing practice in addressing healthcare inequalities?

The analysis of power structures that perpetuate inequality Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential part of nursing practice that aligns with the Nursing Meta-paradigm?

Incorporating patient advocacy and cultural sensitivity in care delivery Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nursing Profession

Guided by the CNA and provincial/territorial regulatory code of ethics, nursing standards, best practices, research, laws, and regulations.
Accountable to the public, requiring a registration exam after graduation.
Attributes of professionalism:
- Accountability
- Autonomy
- Self-regulation
- Inquiry
- Collegiality
- Collaboration
- Innovation
- Ethics
- Values

Theory and Evidence-Informed Practice

Theory: A set of concepts used to describe, explain, or predict the physical and social world.
Evidence-informed knowledge: Knowledge gained through research and best practices.
Clinical guidelines: Developed using evidence-informed knowledge to guide nursing practice.

Nursing as an Art

Understanding health through the patient's perspective.
Applying compassion, empathy, and therapeutic communication.
Based on human interaction and relationships.
Responding to emotional and psychological needs of the patient.

Concepts

Concept: Ideas that represent aspects of our experiences and the world.
Building blocks of theory.
Concepts can change over time and are influenced by individual perception and experiences.

Paradigm

Patterns of shared understanding or a worldview.
Set of beliefs and practices that guide nursing work.
Paradigm Shift: Fundamental change in underlying principles and practices of the profession.
- Example: Shift in healthcare delivery from disease-focused to health promotion focus.

Metaparadigm of Nursing

Framework outlining fundamental concepts and principles guiding nursing.
PHENS:
- Person: Each person is unique with physical, psychosocial, social, spiritual, cultural, and developmental characteristics.
- Health: Goes beyond the absence of disease/injury. It is the ideal state of well-being that all people strive for.
- Environment: The context in which nursing care takes place.
- Nursing: Provides care that is culturally sensitive and inclusive. It encompasses various factors impacting a person's health, including their socioeconomic status, race, and gender.
- Social Justice: Nurses advocate for patient rights and dignity, addressing social determinants of health.

Nursing Theories

Nightingale's Theory: Focus on environmental factors influencing health and recovery.
- Key environmental requirements (L-WADS):
  - Pure water
  - Fresh air
  - Efficient drainage
  - Sanitation
  - Light/direct sunlight
Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Model:
- Views the person as a biopsychosocial being in constant interaction with a changing environment.
- Uses an adaptation system to respond to external factors.
- Environment can be positive or negative stimuli that require adaptation.
- Nurses are facilitators of adaptation, assessing and promoting positive adaptation by enhancing environmental interactions.
Jean Watson's Transpersonal Caring Theory:
- Nursing as caring between the nurse and another person.
- Emphasis on valuing, caring for, nurturing, understanding, respecting, and assisting human beings.
- Caring occasion: Actions and choices by the nurse and the individual coming together.
- Nursing is a human science of persons, valuing the harmony between mind, body and spirit.
Madeleine Leininger's Transcultural Nursing Theory:
- Focuses on providing culturally sensitive nursing care.
- Health is understood as both universal and diverse.
- Environment encompasses learned and shared values and norms within specific living locations.
- Culturally congruent care: Providing effective and respectful care.
- Sunrise Model: Illustrates various factors influencing cultural care, including technological, religious, social, cultural, legal, economic, and educational factors.

Images of Nursing Throughout History

Angel of Mercy (mid-1800s to WWI):
- Viewed as noble, moral, religious, virginal, and self-sacrificing.
- Strongly tied to religion and religious imagery.
- Florence Nightingale as the epitome of the angel of mercy.
- Focused on caring for soldiers in war, with less emphasis on knowledge development and research.
The Mother (1945-1965):
- Return to "family" values after World War II.
The Sex Symbol (Post-mid 1960s):
- Sensual, romantic, irresponsible, promiscuous, with little evidence of intelligence or skill.
- Example: MAS*H.
The Careerist (Current):
- Intelligent, logical, progressive, empathetic, sophisticated, and assertive.
- Less emphasis on gender role identity.

Art and Science of Nursing

Science of nursing: Provides the knowledge base for professional nursing.
Art of nursing: Applies this knowledge with compassion and understanding to care for the individual patient.
The person is at the center of the model.

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