Medical Terminology in a Flash - Chapter 12 - Endocrine System PDF

Chapter 12 Endocrine System Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Preface  This presentation is intended to be used after the chapter has been read.  It has been designed to encourage active learning. See...

Chapter 12 Endocrine System Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Preface  This presentation is intended to be used after the chapter has been read.  It has been designed to encourage active learning. See “Active Learning Instructions.”  It can also be used as a quiz, or it can be provided to students for use as a study guide. Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Active Learning Instructions 1. Each student needs three sheets of paper, or one sheet cut into three pieces. We can use these for two separate activities. 2. Set a. Onup the one paper piece as follows: of paper, write in very large handwriting the letter A, and then turn it over and write the number 1. b. On the second piece, write the letter B on one side and the number 2 on the other side. c. On the last piece, write a C on one side and the number 3 on the other Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Active Learning Instructions (continued_1)  For the “Match the Term with Its Definition” and “Match the Combining Form with Its Definition” slides, all students will answer the question by holding up the letter that they think represents the correct definition.  The instructor can also reverse this activity. The students would instead answer by holding up the number that they think represents the Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Active Learning Instructions (continued_2) The fill-in-the-blank slides can be answered in a variety of ways. Here are a few suggestions: 1. Answers are written on small dry erase boards and held up in the air. This is less expensive if students are grouped. 2. Divide the large classroom board into sections. Group the students, line them up in relay fashion, and have them race to write answers on the board. Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Active Learning Instructions (continued_3) 3. Divide the class into teams. The first team to stand up and call out the correct answer gets a point. 4. SWAT! Divide into two teams. One player from each team holds a fly swatter or something similar. When a question is called out, the first person to land their swatter on the designated target gets the first chance to answer. The team with the correct answer gets a point, and then two new players get the swatters. Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Active Learning Instructions (continued_4) Here are suggestions on how to use the slides on pathology: 1. As a homework assignment, give each student a different pathology to research and present to the rest of the class. When the name of that pathology appears on the screen, the student stands and briefly states what he or she has discovered about the pathology. Pictures as well as links to informative videos or websites can be emailed to the instructor or can be posted on an online discussion board or social media site. 2. Go to the Davis Plus image ancillary and show the pictures. Ask the students to call out the Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Structure and Function Terms  Homeostasis  Adrenal Glands  Hormones  Pancreas  Endocrine Glands  Diabetes Mellitus  Pituitary Gland  Hyperglycemia  Anterior Lobe  Hypoglycemia   Thymus Gland Posterior Lobe   Reproductive Glands Pineal Gland   Ovaries Circadian Rhythm  Testes  Thyroid Gland  Negative Feedback  Parathyroid Glands System Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition 1. _ Homeostasis 2. _ Hormones 3. _ Endocrine glands A. Chemicals secreted into the bloodstream that cause bodily reactions; work in pairs to maintain a healthy balance and keep the body’s internal environment healthy B. Responsible for sexual maturation; play a role in the metabolism of food and energy storage C. The state of dynamic equilibrium in the Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Structure and Function (continued_1) The Endocrine System Note the pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, and pancreas. Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_1) 1. _ Pituitary gland 2. _ Anterior lobe 3. _ Posterior lobe A. The portion of the pituitary gland that secretes the hormones oxytocin and AD H B. The portion of the pituitary gland that secretes the hormones GH, TSH, FSH, L H, prolactin, and ACTH C. Structure attached to the lower surface of the hypothalamus in the brain; Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_2) 1. _ Pineal gland 2. _ Circadian rhythm 3. _ Thyroid gland A. Sleep–wake cycle B. Located in the brain, above and behind the thalamus; produces the hormone melatonin C. Produces the hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine, which are responsible for growth throughout childhood as well as regulation of the Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_3) 1. _ Parathyroid glands 2. _ Adrenal glands 3. _ Pancreas A. Secrete the hormone P TH, which helps regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood B. Secretes substances that neutralize stomach acids and break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates; secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon, which work cooperatively to maintain healthy blood glucose levels Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company C. Located on top of each kidney; secrete the  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_4) 1. _ Diabetes mellitus 2. _ Hyperglycemia 3. _ Hypoglycemia A. A pathology in which blood sugar levels may widely fluctuate B. High blood sugar C. Low blood sugar Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Structure and Function (continued_2) The Endocrine System Note the thymus, ovaries, and testes. Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_5) 1. _ Thymus gland 2. _ Reproductive glands 3. _ Ovaries A. The oval-shaped structures on each side of the uterus that are the primary sex organs in females; secrete the hormones estrogen and progesterone B. Located above the heart and plays a role in immunity and protecting our bodies from cancer; produces T lymphocytes that are necessary for the immune system Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_6) 1. _ Testes 2. _ Negative feedback system A. Located within the scrotum; they contain the seminiferous tubules and secrete the hormone testosterone B. Each gland produces a hormone that serves to oppose another substance. The gland may increase or decrease production of the hormone to stimulate a corresponding increase or decrease of that substance Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Combining Forms  acr/o  hydr/o  aden/o  kal/i  adren/o  natr/o  adrenal/o  pancreat/o  calc/o  parathyroid/o  gluc/o  thym/o  glucos/o  thyr/o  glyc/o  thyroid/o  glycos/o  toxic/o  home/o Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition 1. _ pancreat/o 2. _ gluc/o 3. _ acr/o A. pancreas B. extremities C. glucose, sugar, sweet Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_1) 1. _ hydr/o 2. _ aden/o 3. _ glycos/o A. water B. gland C. glucose, sugar, sweet Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_2) 1. _ thyroid/o 2. _ adren/o 3. _ calc/o A. calcium B. thyroid C. adrenal gland Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_3) 1. _ toxic/o 2. _ kal/i 3. _ natr/o A. potassium B. sodium C. toxic, poison Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_4) 1. _ thyr/o 2. _ glyc/o 3. _ adrenal/o A. adrenal gland B. glucose, sweet, sugar C. thyroid Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_5) 1. _ parathyroid/o 2. _ home/o 3. _ thym/o A. same, unchanging B. parathyroid C. thymus Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What Is the Correct Term for Each Abbreviation? GH _ FBS _ K _ FSBS _ CA _ Ca _ BMI _ NIDDM _ TSH IDDM _ _ HRT DI _ DKA _ PTH _ T3, T4 _ ADH _ DM _ Na _ _ FBG _ BMR _ GTT _ Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Pathologies  acromegaly (ăk-rō-MĔG-ă-lē)  Addison’s disease (ĂD-ĭ-sŭnz dĭ-ZĒZ)  congenital hypothyroidism (kŏn-JĔN-ĭ-tăl hī-pō-THĪ-royd-ĭ- zum)  Cushing’s disease (KOOSH-ĭngz dĭ- ZĒZ)  diabetes insipidus (dī-ă-BĒ-tēz ĭn-SĬP-ĭ- dŭs)  diabetic ketoacidosis (dī-ă-BĔT-ĭk kē-tō-ă-sĭ-DŌ-sĭs)  diabetes mellitus (DM) Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis (dī-ă-BĒ-tēz Company  Pathologies (continued_1)  dwarfism (DWĂRF-i-zum)  exophthalmos (ĕks-ŏf-THĂL-mōs)  gestational diabetes (jĕs-TĀ-shŭn-ăl dī-ă- BĒ-tēz)  giantism (JĪ-ăn-tĭ-zum)  goiter (GOY-tĕr)  Graves’ disease (grāvz dĭ-ZĒZ)  Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (hă-shē-MŌ- tōz thī-roy-DĪ-tĭs)  hirsutism (HŬR-sūt-ĭ-zum) Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Pathologies (continued_2)  hyperaldosteronism (hī-pĕr-ăl-dō-STĔR- ōn-ĭ-zum)  hyperparathyroidism (hī-pĕr-păr-ă- THĪ-royd-ĭ-zum)  hypoparathyroidism (hī-pō-păr-ă-THĪ- royd-ĭ-zum)  myxedema (mĭks-ĕ-DĒ-mă)  nondiabetic hypoglycemia (nŏn-dī-ă-BĔT- ĭk hī-pō-glī-SĒ- mē-ă)  panhypopituitarism (păn-hī-pō-pĭ-TŪ-ĭ- tăr-ĭ-zum)  pheochromocytoma Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis (fē-ō-krō-mō-sī-TŌ- Company  Pathologies (continued_3)  pituitary dwarfism (pĭ-TŪ-ĭ-tār-ē dwărf-ĭ- zum)  polydipsia (pŏl-ē-DĬP-sē-ă)  polyphagia (pŏl-ē-FĀ-jē-ă)  polyuria (pŏl-ē-Ū-rē-ă)  precocious puberty (prē-KŌ-shŭs PŪ-bĕr- tē)  retinopathy (rĕt-ĭn-ŎP-ă-thē)  thyrotoxicosis (thī-rō-tŏks-ĭ-KŌ-sĭs) Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Common Diagnostic Tests and Procedures  Average blood glucose (eAG): Reflection of the average blood glucose level over the past 2 to 3 months reported by the same units (m g/dl) seen on glucose meters; directly correlates to HbA1c results  Fasting blood glucose (FBG): Test of blood glucose levels after a fast of 8 to 12 hours, used to screen for diabetes; also called FBS, or fasting blood sugar Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Common Diagnostic Tests and Procedures (continued_1)  Finger stick blood sugar (FSBS): Test of blood glucose from a drop of capillary blood obtained by pricking the finger; also called finger stick blood glucose (FSBG)  Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c): Reflection of the average blood glucose level over the past 2 to 3 months reported by percent Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What is the Name of the Diagnostic Test or Procedure? _ Test of blood glucose levels after a fast of 8 to 12 hours, used to screen for diabetes; also called FBS, or fasting blood sugar _ Reflection of the average blood glucose level over the past 2 to 3 months reported by percent _ Reflection of the average blood glucose level over the past 2 to 3 months reported by the same units (mg/dl) seen on glucose meters; directly correlates to HbA1c results _ Test of blood glucose from a drop Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company of capillary blood obtained by pricking  Common Diagnostic Tests and Procedures (continued_2)  Radioactive iodine uptake: Nuclear medicine study that measures how rapidly radioactive iodine is taken up from the blood after oral or intravenous administration  Thyroid function test: Reflection of thyroid function by measuring levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Common Diagnostic Tests and Procedures (continued_3)  Thyroid scan: Radiographic evaluation of the thyroid after a radioactive substance is injected; identifies thyroid size, shape, position, and function  Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): Measure of the ability of the thyroid gland to concentrate and retain circulating iodine for synthesis of thyroid hormone Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What Is the Name of the Diagnostic Test or Procedure? (continued) _ _Nuclear medicine study that measures how rapidly radioactive iodine is taken up from the blood after oral or intravenous administration _ Measure of the ability of the thyroid gland to concentrate and retain circulating iodine for synthesis of thyroid hormone _ Reflection of thyroid function by measuring levels of thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) _ Radiographic evaluation of the Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company thyroid after a radioactive  Pharmacology Therapeutic Classification Common Use Insulin Insulin replacement; helps Combination Isophane/Regular glucose get into cells Insulin Controls (lowers) high blood Biguanide sugar Increases insulin production by Sulfonylurea the pancreas Slows digestion of complex Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor carbohydrates Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What Is the Therapeutic Classification? Therapeutic Classification Common Use _ Insulin replacement; helps _ glucose get into cells Slows digestion of complex _ carbohydrates Increases insulin production by _ the pancreas Controls (lowers) high blood _ sugar Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Pharmacology (continued_1) Therapeutic Classification Common Use Increases insulin production by Meglitinide the pancreas Lowers insulin resistance; reduces Thiazolidinedione glucose Severe hypoglycemia treatment; Hormone increases blood glucose Incretin Mimetic Increases insulin release Decreases production of thyroid Antithyroid Agent hormone Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What Is the Therapeutic Classification? (continued_1) Therapeutic Classification Common Use Increases insulin production by _ the pancreas Decreases production of thyroid _ hormone Severe hypoglycemia treatment; _ increases blood glucose _ Increases insulin release Lowers insulin resistance; reduces _ glucose Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Pharmacology (continued_2) Therapeutic Classification Common Use Replaces or provides more thyroid Synthetic Hormone hormone Treatment of growth failure; increases production of growth Growth Hormone hormone Decreases production of growth Growth Hormone Antagonist hormone Prolactin Inhibitors Decrease production of prolactin Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What Is the Therapeutic Classification? (continued_2) Therapeutic Classification Common Use _ Decrease production of prolactin Treatment of growth failure; _ increases production of growth hormone Decreases production of growth _ hormone Replaces or provides more thyroid _ hormone Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company