JC HBHD 2 Week 5 Chapter 12 Endocrine

<p>Negative feedback increases hormone secretion when levels are low and decreases secretion when levels are high. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PGs are hormone-like substances that act locally to regulate various physiological processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pituitary dwarfism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It accelerates the reabsorption of water from urine in the kidneys. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The anterior pituitary gland is made up of nervous tissue, while the posterior pituitary gland is made up of glandular tissue. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolactin (PRL) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cretinism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles and their development for ovulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxytocin (OT) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone breakdown. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acromegaly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TSH promotes the growth of the thyroid gland and its secretion of thyroid hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It produces the hormones ADH and oxytocin, but releases them from the pituitary gland. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restlessness and protruding eyes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A painless enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by iodine deficiency. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulate the release of calcium from the bones. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases blood calcium concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cortisol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase blood sodium, decrease potassium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase secretion quickly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cushing syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epinephrine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing bone density (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Addison disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretion of excess hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocrine glands secrete directly into the bloodstream, exocrine glands secrete into ducts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Target cells detect and respond to specific hormones. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They act as first messengers, triggering second messengers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homeostatic feedback mechanisms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases the production and secretion of the hormone. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prostaglandin H (PGH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To influence various physiological processes within specific tissues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase blood glucose levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyposecretion of insulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initiates menstrual cycle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testosterone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developing the immune system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining the corpus luteum during pregnancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melatonin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boosts appetite and slows metabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leads to seasonal affective disorder (SAD) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperaldosteronism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polydipsia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fasting blood glucose (FBG) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyrotoxicosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Finger stick blood sugar (FSBS) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myxedema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acromegaly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Addison's Disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exophthalmos (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cushing's Disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Goiter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IDDM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes Insipidus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hirsutism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radioactive iodine uptake test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid hormone levels measurement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfonylurea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biguanide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Combination Isophane/Regular Insulin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pancreas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>glyc/o (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extremities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poison (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>adren/o (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thymus gland (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Estrogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperglycemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To lower blood sugar levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secrete testosterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A process that balances hormone levels by decreasing production when levels are high (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produce sex hormones that influence reproductive functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low blood sugar levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secrete hormones that influence other glands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melatonin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth hormone, TSH, FSH, LH, prolactin, and ACTH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pineal gland (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroxine and triiodothyronine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone: stimulates adrenal glands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produce hormones related to stress response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands release substances through ducts.

A hormone is a chemical messenger produced by glands that regulates various body functions.

Hyposecretion is low hormone release, while hypersecretion is excess release, affecting body functions.

Steroid hormones pass through cell membranes to act inside cells; nonsteroid hormones bind to receptors on cell surfaces.

Negative feedback reduces hormone release, while positive feedback increases it, maintaining balance.

Hormone that accelerates water reabsorption in kidneys, reducing urine secretion.

Hormone that stimulates uterine contractions and milk release in breastfeeding.

Produces ADH and oxytocin and controls their release via nervous stimulation.

hormones that accelerate metabolism and regulate the body's metabolic rate.

Hormone that decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone breakdown.

Condition of excess thyroid hormone leading to increased metabolic rate and symptoms like restlessness.

Condition of low thyroid hormone leading to a decreased metabolic rate, often causing fatigue and weight gain.

Painless enlargement of the thyroid often caused by iodine deficiency.

The front part of the pituitary gland that produces several important hormones.

A hormone that stimulates growth and activity of the thyroid gland.

A hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids like cortisol.

A hormone that initiates the growth of ovarian follicles in females.

A hormone that triggers ovulation and stimulates progesterone secretion.

A hormone that promotes growth by increasing fat breakdown and protein synthesis.

A hormone that stimulates breast development and milk production.

Conditions caused by irregular levels of growth hormone; includes gigantism and dwarfism.

Hormone that raises blood calcium levels through bone breakdown.

Includes glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex hormones.

Maintain blood glucose levels and assist in blood pressure regulation.

Increase sodium and decrease potassium in blood by affecting kidneys.

Hormone that intensifies sympathetic responses during stress.

Works with epinephrine to prolong sympathetic effects.

Result of hypersecretion of glucocorticoids leading to excess stress responses.

Result of hyposecretion of adrenal hormones leading to fatigue and weakness.

Glands that secrete products into ducts leading to surfaces or cavities.

Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Cells that are affected by hormones, located in target organs.

A mechanism that reverses physiological changes to maintain homeostasis.

The secretion of excess hormones by glands.

Hormones that pass through cell membranes, binding to receptors in the nucleus and affecting DNA.

Powerful substances that act locally in various tissues to influence body functions.

Hormone secreted by alpha cells that increases blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogen breakdown.

Hormone secreted by beta cells that decreases blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells.

Diabetes resulting from insufficient insulin production by the pancreas.

Diabetes due to the body's cells being resistant to insulin's effects, leading to high blood sugar.

Hormone secreted by the thymus that is vital for immune system development and function.

Hormone secreted by the ovaries that influences female sexual characteristics and reproduction.

Hormone secreted by interstitial cells of testes that promotes male characteristics and reproductive functions.

Hormone secreted by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles and seasonal functions.

Hunger hormone secreted by the stomach lining that increases appetite.

Hormone secreted by the heart that promotes sodium loss from the kidneys.

A nuclear medicine test measuring iodine absorption in the thyroid.

Evaluation of thyroid function by measuring TSH, T3, and T4 levels.

Medication that lowers blood sugar levels by increasing insulin sensitivity.

Medications that stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin.

Slows the digestion of carbohydrates to control blood sugar levels post-meals.

Treatment to provide insulin for those lacking it, such as in diabetes.

Structure attached to the hypothalamus; secretes several hormones.

Part of the pituitary gland secreting hormones like GH and TSH.

The portion of the pituitary gland that releases oxytocin and ADH.

Located in the brain; produces melatonin for sleep regulation.

Natural sleep-wake cycle regulated by light exposure.

Produces hormones like T3 and T4 that regulate metabolism.

Small glands that regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood.

Produce hormones for stress response, including adrenaline.

Combining form for pancreas.

Combining form for glucose, sugar, or sweet.

Combining form for extremities.

Combining form for water.

Combining form for gland.

Combining form for glucose or sweet.

Combining form for thyroid gland.

Combining form for toxic or poison.

A pathology in which blood sugar levels may widely fluctuate.

A condition of high blood sugar.

A condition of low blood sugar.

Located above the heart, it plays a role in immunity and produces T lymphocytes.

The primary sex organs in females that secrete estrogen and progesterone.

Located in the scrotum, they secrete testosterone and contain seminiferous tubules.

Condition of excess aldosterone, causing hypertension and low potassium levels.

Condition of insufficient parathyroid hormone leading to low calcium levels in the blood.

Test measuring blood glucose levels from a fingertip prick.

Average blood glucose level over the past 2-3 months, reported as a percentage.

Increased thirst, often due to high blood sugar or dehydration.

Excessive urination, commonly associated with diabetes mellitus.

Condition of stunted growth caused by insufficient growth hormone during childhood.

Condition resulting from excessive thyroid hormones in the body, leading to increased metabolism.

A disorder caused by excess growth hormone, leading to enlarged bones.

A condition caused by the underproduction of adrenal hormones, resulting in fatigue and weight loss.

A disorder characterized by extreme thirst and frequent urination due to ADH deficiency.

A disorder caused by excess cortisol, leading to symptoms like weight gain and skin changes.

A condition present at birth characterized by inadequate thyroid hormone production.

An autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, leading to symptoms like tremors and bulging eyes.

A serious complication of diabetes characterized by high levels of ketones due to lack of insulin.