Population PDF

Population Human Settlement A human settlement is an organized grouping of human habitation. There are many ways to define settlements, but one way is to discuss two major types of settlements: urban and rural. Urban settlements have a lot of people. These include large cities and towns....

Population Human Settlement A human settlement is an organized grouping of human habitation. There are many ways to define settlements, but one way is to discuss two major types of settlements: urban and rural. Urban settlements have a lot of people. These include large cities and towns. Rural settlements, on the other hand, are more spaced out. Classification Factors Affecting Human Settlement  Push or Pull factors Factors can be push or pull. Push factors encourage a family to emigrate (pushes them to leave a location). Pull factors encourage a family to immigrate (pulls them in to move to a location). Define Over Population & Explain the Cause, Effect on Environment & Control of it Over Population ✓ Overpopulation is the state whereby the human population rises to an extent exceeding the carrying capacity of the ecological setting. ✓ In an overpopulated environment, the numbers of people might be more than the available essential materials for survival such as transport, water, shelter, food or social amenities. ✓ This regularly contributes to environmental deterioration, worsening in the quality of life, or even the disintegration of the population. ✓ It is estimated that about 81 million people add to the world’s population annually. Connections between social factors, poverty and population growth Causes of Over Population ❑ Causes of Overpopulation are different for many countries but are mostly associated with poverty, reduced mortality rates, poor medical access, poor contraceptive use, as well as immigration. ❑ With overpopulation comes a decrease in resources and an increase in symptoms of illness and disease. There are a number of factors that contribute to overpopulation.  Measures to Control Population of India Social Measure Economic Measures Other Measures Social Security Urbanization Late Marriage Change in Social Outlook Standard of Living Family Planning Adoption Development of Self Control Agriculture and Industry Spread of Education More employment Recreational Facilities opportunities Raising the Status of Publicity Women Minimum age of Marriage Incentives Employment to Woman  Population Forecasting ▪ Population forecasting is defined as the method of determining the expected population for a particular period. ▪ Forecasting of population can be accomplished with different mathematical methods by using present and past population records that can be obtained from local census office. Most applied methods Arithmetic Increase method X bar – Arithmetical increase (average) Y bar – Incremental increase (average) Calculate Population in 2001, 2031 using incremental increase method. Decrease rate of Increase Methods Governmental bodies for Environmental protection 1. Central Pollution Control Board Key Functions: Advise the Central Government on any matter concerning prevention and control of water and air pollution and improvement of the quality of air. Plan and cause to be executed a nation-wide programme for the prevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution Provide technical assistance and guidance to the State Boards, carry out and sponsor investigation and research relating to problems of water and air pollution, and for their prevention, control or abatement Plan and organize training of persons engaged in the programme on the prevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution Collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data relating to water and air pollution and the measures devised for their effective prevention, control or abatement; Prepare manuals, codes and guidelines relating to treatment and disposal of sewage and trade effluents as well as for stack gas cleaning devices, stacks and ducts; Disseminate information in respect of matters relating to water and air pollution and their prevention and control 2. National Biodiversity Authority 3. National Tiger conservation authority 4. Animal Welfare Board of India 5. Forest Survey of India 6. Central Zoo Authority of India 7. National Green Tribunal (NGT) ❑The National Green Tribunal has been established on 18.10.2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act 2010 for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources including enforcement of any legal right relating to environment and giving relief and compensation for damages to persons and property and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. ❑It is a specialized body equipped with the necessary expertise to handle environmental disputes involving multi-disciplinary issues. 8. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) ❑ The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) is the nodal agency in the administrative structure of the Central Government for the planning, promotion, co-ordination and overseeing the implementation of India's environmental and forestry policies and programmes. ❑ The primary concerns of the Ministry are implementation of policies and programmes relating to conservation of the country's natural resources including its lakes and rivers, its biodiversity, forests and wildlife, ensuring the welfare of animals, and the prevention and abatement of pollution. ❑ While implementing these policies and programmes, the Ministry is guided by the principle of sustainable development and enhancement of human well-being. 9. Indian Board for Wildlife (IBWL) ❑The IBWL is the apex advisory body in the field of Wildlife Conservation in the country and is headed by the Honorable Prime Minister of India. ❑The IBWL has been reconstituted w.e.f. 7.12.2001. Other Agencies