Health Promotion PDF

Health Promo,on Risk Reduc,on Week 4 Siobhan Bell DNP (ip)R, MN, BScN, RN Revised Heather Kirby  Health Promotion  At the end of this module, you shoul...

Health Promo,on Risk Reduc,on Week 4 Siobhan Bell DNP (ip)R, MN, BScN, RN Revised Heather Kirby  Health Promotion  At the end of this module, you should be able to: 1. List the factors that put an individual at risk of health problems 2. DiKeren,ate between modiMable and non- modiMable risk factors 3. Explain the importance of reducing risk factors in the overall maintenance of health assessment (obesity, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol, smoking, hypertension and nutri,on) Learning Apply appropriate Interven,ons such as: 4. Apply knowledge of healthy living concepts using speciMc evidence- Outcomes informed knowledge to clients across the lifespan acknowledging the client is the expert in their own life 5. Demonstrate ability to integrate RNAO Best Prac,ce Guideline on Smoking Cessa,on into prac,ce. 6. Iden,fy CAHM commonly used to decrease health risk (total medical systems, biologically based systems, manipula,ve and body-based methods, energy therapy, mind-body interven,ons, spiritually therapy) Developme 4000 B.C. with the Egyp,ans nt of Health Florence Nigh,ngale Promotion Victorian Order of Nurses (VON) Public health nurses Programs Changing Improvements in health a\er WWII Focus in Increased science and technology Mandatory public health measures Public Shi\ from infec,on control to health Health promo,on Chapter 8 health Promo,on Pearson https://www.yumpu.com/en/ document/read/25208896/c hapter-8-pearson-canada Have a Look at Health Promotion  Conceptualiza,on of the health Meld concept Four elements that determine health: Lalonde Biology Lifestyles Report Environment (Figure 8.1) Health care organiza,ons Emphasis on individuals’ responsibili,es for their own health Chapter 8 - Pea rson Canada (y umpu.com) The Lalonde Report The Epp Report (Figure 8.2) Iden,Med three health promo,on challenges Proposed three health promo,on mechanisms Three key health promo,on implementa,on strategies haps://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/25208896/  Addressed the importance of a socio- The Ottawa environmental approach Partnerships required for health Charter for Outlined Mve health promo,on strategies: Health Build healthy public policy, Create suppor,ve environments, Promotion Strengthen community ac,on, (Figure 8.3) Develop personal skills, Reorient health services The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion Addressed the importance of a socio-environmental approach Partnerships required for health Outlined Mve health promo,on strategies: Build healthy public policy, Create suppor,ve environments, Strengthen community ac,on, Develop personal skills, Reorient health services haps://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/25208896/ chapter-8-pearson-canada  Determinants of health at the center of the Strategies framework 15 determinants of health were divided into for Mve groups of popula,on health ini,a,ves as follows: Population Social and economic environments Health Individual capacity and coping skills Health services (Figure 8.4) Physical environments Personal health prac,ces Strategies for Popula,on Health (Figure 8.4) Determinants of health at the center of the framework 15 determinants of health were divided into Mve groups of popula,on health ini,a,ves as follows: Social and economic environments Individual capacity and coping skills Health services Physical environments Personal health prac,ces haps://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/25208896/ chapter-8-pearson-canada The Population Health Promotion Model (Figure 8.5) Integrated the concepts of health- promo,on, the determinants of health, and the levels of poten,al clients for interven,on Four key ques,ons when implemen,ng health promo,on strategies: What ac,on are being taking? How these ac,ons can be implemented? With whom the ac,ons can be taken? Why such ac,ons are taken? haps://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/25208896/ chapter-8-pearson-canada  Grounded in the principles of: Primary health care, social jus,ce, and community empowerment Presented Mve priori,es for health promo,on: Promote social responsibility for health The Jakarta Increase investment for health development hap://ldb.org/iuhpe/jakdec.htm Declaration Consolidate and expand partnerships for health Increase community capacity and empower the individual Secure an infrastructure for health promo,on hap://ldb.org/iuhpe/jakdec.htm  Considers the mo,va,onal source for behavioural change Pender’s Based on how the client perceives the beneMts of change Health- Comprised of the following components: Promotion Individual characteris,cs and experiences Behaviour-speciMc cogni,ons and aKect Model Commitment to a Plan of Ac,on (Figure 8.6) Immediate Compe,ng Demands and Preferences Behavioural outcomes Pender’s Health- Promotion Model (Figure 8.6) Considers the mo,va,onal source for behavioural change Based on how the client perceives the beneMts of change Comprised of the following components: Individual characteris,cs and experiences Behaviour-speciMc cogni,ons and aKect Commitment to a Plan of Ac,on Immediate Compe,ng Demands and Preferences Behavioural outcomes haps://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/25208896/ chapter-8-pearson-canada  Preven,ng and reducing risks to individual health and the overall environment National Health Promo,ng healthier lifestyles Goals (1 of 2) Ensuring high quality health services that are egcient and accessible  Integra,ng renewal of the health care system with longer-term plans in the areas of preven,on, health promo,on, and protec,on National Health Reducing health inequali,es in Goals (2 of Canadian society 2) Providing health informa,on to help Canadians make informed decisions  Aims at informing, inhuencing, and To be more ac,ve assis,ng both in maaers aKec,ng individuals and mental and organiza,ons to physical health accept more Health responsibility Promotion Procession of To improve their health by enabling or maximizing posi,ve empowering changes to their people to increase physical, economic, control over their social, and poli,cal health environments  Involves ac,vi,es focused on preven,ng, Health avoiding, or minimizing injuries that individuals Protection have liale or no control over and preventable illnesses  Disease Concerned with taking measures to prevent Prevention and control common risk factors for diseases. Health Education Strategy of health promo,on Consciously constructed opportuni,es for learning designed to facilitate changes in behaviour towards a predetermined goals Involves communica,on designed to improve health literacy, knowledge, and life skills conducive to individual and community health Health Promotion Programs Types of programs Ac/vi/es can be o4ered: Health promo,on To individuals and families in the home SpeciMc protec,on In the community seing Screening for early detec,on of disease At schools At hospitals At Worksites  The six stages of change are: Prochaska’s Pre-contempla,on Contempla,on Transtheoreti Prepara,on cal Model Ac,on (Figure 8.7) Maintenance Termina,on Prochaska’s Transtheoretical Model (Figure 8.7) The six stages of change are: Pre-contempla,on Contempla,on Prepara,on Ac,on Maintenance Termina,on Nurse’s Role in Health Promotion (1 of 2) Model healthy Facilitate client Teach self-care Assist clients to Educate clients to lifestyle involvement strategies increase levels of be eKec,ve health- health care consumers Nurse’s Role in Health Promotion (2 of 2) ASSIST CLIENTS TO DEVELOP GUIDE DEVELOPMENT OF REINFORCE CLIENTS’ PERSONAL ADVOCATE IN THE COMMUNITY AND CHOOSE HEALTH- EFFECTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING AND FAMILY HEALTH- FOR CHANGES THAT PROMOTE A PROMOTING OPTIONS AND DECISION MAKING PROMOTING BEHAVIOURS HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT Assessment of Health Health history Spiritual Lifestyle Social support and Physical health assessment system review examina,on assessment Health-risk Health beliefs Life stress appraisal review review  Based on health needs, desires, and priori,es Developing of the client The client chooses: Health The health promo,on goals; Promotion The frequency, dura,on and course of ac,ons; Plans The method of evalua,on. Pender’s process of planning health promo,on Implementing Health Promotion Plans Nursing strategies to enhance behaviour change include: Suppor,ng Teaching Emphasis on self-responsibility Consul,ng Coordina,ng Facilita,ng Counselling Modelling Evaluating Health Promotion Plans Ongoing Collabora,ve eKort Client ac,ons may include: To con,nue the plan Reorder priori,es Change strategies Revise the health promo,on contract Individual and Holistic Care Individuality Each individual is a unique being Focus on total care and individualized care context Aspects of individuality include: The person’s total character Self-iden,ty Percep,ons. Holism Concerned with the individual as a whole, not as an assembly of parts Strive to understand how one area of concern relates to the whole person or system Consider the rela,onship of individuals with their external environment and with others Self-Concept Each individual has a concept of his or her own self One’s mental image of oneself Posi,ve self-concept is essen,al to a person’s mental and physical health Nega,ve self-concept people may express feelings of worthlessness, self-dislike, or even self-hatred (Box 12.1) Four Dimensions of Self-Concept Self knowledge Self-expecta,on Social self Social evalua,on. Four Components of Self-Concept Personal iden,ty Body image Role performance Self-esteem  Role performance refers to how an individual fulMlls the expected du,es of a par,cular role. Assessing Role Role mastery means that the individual is successful in mee,ng the Relationshi expecta,ons of that assigned role. ps (1 of 2) Role development involves socializa,on into that par,cular role.  Role ambiguity occurs when people are unclear of role responsibili,es and do not know what to do or how to do Assessing it and are unable to predict the reac,ons of others to their behaviour. Role Relationshi ps (2 of 2) Role strain occurs when people feel or are made to feel inadequate or unsuited to a role.  Developmental factors Hereditary factors Risk Factors for Gender or race Health Cultural factors Problems Sociological factors Lifestyle factors  Can aKect the self- concept ETect of Responses to stressors, include Illness (Box acceptance, denial, withdrawal, and depression are common 12.2) reac,ons Normal or expected roles of an individual or family become suspended, temporarily altered or permanently changed  Self-actualiza,on Esteem Love/Belonging Safety Physiological Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs (Box 12.5)  Needs theories assists nurses responding therapeu,cally Types of to a client’s behaviours Theories to Developmental stage theories Assess categorize a person’s behaviours or tasks Health into appropriate age ranges Needs Systema,c theories explains the breaking of whole things into parts and working together of those parts  Model Model healthy lifestyle Nurse’s Facilitate Facilitate client involvement Role in Health Teach Teach self-care strategies Promotion (Box 12.3) Assist Assist clients to increase levels of health (1 of 2) Educate clients to be eKec,ve health-care Educate consumers  Assist clients to develop and choose health- Assist promo,ng op,ons Nurse’s Role in Guide Guide development of eKec,ve problem solving and decision making Health Promotion Reinforce clients’ personal and family health- (Box 12.3) Reinforce promo,ng behaviours (2 of 2) Advocate Advocate in the community for changes that in promote a healthy environment