Physical Examination in Urine PDF
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Jai Anthony F. Cuevas
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Summary
This document provides a comprehensive overview of the physical examination of urine, covering various aspects such as volume variation, color, transparency, and specific gravity. It includes detailed explanations and variations in each of these parameters, along with the impacts of various medical conditions. Useful as a quick reference or study guide.
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Physical Examination in Urine Jai Anthony F. Cuevas, RMT, MSHSA Physical Examination Volume Variation: 1. Polyuria- abnormal increase in urine output (over 2000 ml/24hrs) seen in: a. Diabetes melitus (high sp. Gr.) and Diabetes insipidus (low sp. Gr) b. Chronic kidney disease c. Ment...
Physical Examination in Urine Jai Anthony F. Cuevas, RMT, MSHSA Physical Examination Volume Variation: 1. Polyuria- abnormal increase in urine output (over 2000 ml/24hrs) seen in: a. Diabetes melitus (high sp. Gr.) and Diabetes insipidus (low sp. Gr) b. Chronic kidney disease c. Mental disorders d. During absorption of exudates and edema e. Hyperparathyroidism f. In response to excessive fluid intake, administration of diuretics or the consumption of diuretic drinks g. during state of anxiety h. tumors with inappropriate ADH secretion **Cystitis- non-pathologic, requires frequent emptying of bladder and must not be mistaken for polyuria Physical Examination Volume Variation: 2. Oliguria- abnormal decrease in urine excretion (500 ml by an adult with sp.gr. Of 1.020) Found in: a. dirrhea f. proteinuria b. decreased fluid intake g. sweating c. dextran administration h. Urinary preservatives d. Fever i. vomiting e. intravenous albumin j. X-ray contrast media Physical Examination Variations in Specific Gravity: 2. Hyposthenuria -decreased sp.gr (< 1.009) Found in: a. alkalosis b. sickle-cell anemia c. Hypothermia d. increased fluid intake e. progressive kidney failure f. following administration of diuretics 3. Isosthenuria- urine has fixed sp.gr of 1.010 Physical Examination The use of Urinometer for the Determination of Sp.Gr: Urinometer- a special type of hydrometer calibarted to measure the sp.gr of urine at a definite temperature (16OC) Correction for Urinometer Readings: a. Temperature difference *For every 3OC increase in room temp., add 0.001 *For every 3OC decrease in room temp., subtract 0.001 To convert OF to OC OC= (OF – 32) x 0.555 -fluid expands when warm. Physical Examination Correction for Urinometer Readings: b. Proteinuria *For each gram of CHONS in the urine, the sp.gr is increased 0.003 and should be corrected for this increase as it does not reflect the concentrating ability of the kidney. *for every 1% CHON (albumin), subtract 0.003. c. Glycosuria *For every 1% of glucose, subtract 0.004.
