Transmission Of Infection-PHTH1012 005 PDF

TRANSMISSION OF INFECTION Presented by: C. Thoms-Rodriguez OBJECTIVES  THE CHAIN OF INFECTION  COMMUNITY ACQUIRED INFECTION VS HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION  HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS IN GREATER DETAIL. COMMUNITY ACQUIRED VS HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION COMMUNITY ACQUIRED INFECTION Infection acqu...

TRANSMISSION OF INFECTION Presented by: C. Thoms-Rodriguez OBJECTIVES  THE CHAIN OF INFECTION  COMMUNITY ACQUIRED INFECTION VS HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION  HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS IN GREATER DETAIL. COMMUNITY ACQUIRED VS HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION COMMUNITY ACQUIRED INFECTION Infection acquired outside of a hospital setting  Can be distinguished by the type of infecting organism  › commonly involve strains of Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae › are usually more antibiotic sensitive. NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION HOSPITAL ACQUIRED OR NOSOCOMIAL  NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION › ‘Nosocomial or Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are defined as infections not present and without evidence of incubation at the time of admission to a healthcare setting.’  http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/967022overview#aw2aab6b2b2 › Most infections evident after 48 hours of admission Nosocomial Infection  Nosocomial by infections are caused › viruses › bacteria  Ha-MRSA, Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are examples common nosocomial pathogens › fungi Epidemiology  5% of all hospitalizations in the United States  55 hospitals in 14 countries from four WHO regions)› 8.7% of hospitalized patients had nosocomial infections PATHOPHYSIOLOGY  Infections may come from endogenous or exogenous sources.  Exogenous sources (not from the patient) › medical personnel, equipment and the healthcare environment.  Endogenous sources (within the patient) › the nasopharynx, GI, or genitourinary tracts › Exogenous sources include those that are not part of the patient. Examples include visitors, medical personnel, equipment and the healthcare environment.  Risk factors for invasion of colonizing pathogen include › severity of illness, › immunocompromised state › length of hospital stay Nosocomial Infection  Common types are › Bloodstream infection (BSI incl. CLABSI) › Hospital acquired pneumonia (eg, ventilator- associated pneumonia [VAP]) › Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) › Surgical site infection (SSI) Diagnosis of Nosocomial Infection Idetailed history and examination  Lab Dx  › Culture of certain pathogens Managment Removal of source (eg central line; urinary catheter)  Antimicrobial therapy if indicated  Adjunctive Sx if indicated  SUMMARY THE END